Molecular Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Field Samples in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. RT–PCR and DNA Cloning
2.3. Sequence Analysis
2.4. Multiple Alignment and Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. PEDV Detection and S Gene Sequencing
3.2. Phylogenetic Analysis of the S Genes
3.3. S Gene Sequence Comparative Analysis
3.4. Feature Amino acid Deduction Analysis
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genotype | Variation | Representative Strains | Distribution | First Appearance | Recorded in South Korea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1a | Classical strains | CV777; DR13; LZC; SM98; GER L00901-V215 | Asia; Europe | 1971; England | 1992 |
G1b | Related to G1a S INDEL attenuated vaccine strains | attenuated CV777; attenuated DR13; SD-M; SC1402 | Asia | 2000s; Asia | 2001 |
G2a | S non-INDEL variant strains | AJ1102; LC; CHGD-01; GD-1; GD-A; ZJCZ4; KDGG12KAN | Asia | 2010; China | 2012 |
G2b | S non-INDEL variant strains | AH2012; BJ-2011-1; GD-B; KNU-1305; TW/Pingtung1560; Indiana34; MEX/104/2013 | Asia; North America | 2011; China | 2013 |
G2c | S INDEL strains recombined between G1a and G2b | CH/GD-06/2012; KNU-1406-1; OH851; GER/L00719/2014 | Asia; North America; Europe | 2012; China | 2014 |
Strain | CNU-22P1 | CNU-22P2 | CNU-22P4 | CNU-22S11 | CNU-22S16 | CNU-22S17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | Full S | S1 | S2 | Full S | S1 | S2 | Full S | S1 | S2 | Full S | S1 | S2 | Full S | S1 | S2 | Full S | |||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P1 | ID | ID | ID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P2 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ID | ID | ID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ID | ID | ID | |||||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S11 | 97.5 | 96.9 | 98.2 | 97.8 | 97.9 | 97.4 | 97.5 | 96.9 | 98.2 | 97.8 | 97.9 | 97.4 | 97.5 | 96.9 | 98.2 | 97.8 | 97.9 | 97.4 | ID | ID | ID | |||||||||||||||
CNU-22S16 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 97.7 | 97.1 | 98.3 | 97.8 | 98 | 97.4 | ID | ID | ID | |||||||||
CNU-22S17 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 97.7 | 97.1 | 98.3 | 97.8 | 98 | 97.4 | 99.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99.9 | 100 | ID | ID | ID | |||
GNU-2010 | 97.9 | 97.3 | 98.5 | 97.7 | 98.2 | 97.5 | 97.9 | 97.3 | 98.5 | 97.7 | 98.2 | 97.5 | 97.9 | 97.3 | 98.5 | 97.7 | 98.2 | 97.5 | 98.7 | 97.8 | 99 | 98.3 | 98.8 | 98 | 98.1 | 97.6 | 98.5 | 97.7 | 98.3 | 97.6 | 98 | 97.6 | 98.5 | 97.7 | 98.3 | 97.6 |
GNU-2225 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 97.7 | 97.1 | 98.3 | 97.8 | 98 | 97.4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99.9 | 100 |
GNU-2232 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 97.7 | 97.1 | 98.1 | 97.7 | 97.9 | 97.4 | 100 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.9 | 99.9 | 99.9 | 100 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
JBB22013 | 97.8 | 97.5 | 98.3 | 98.1 | 98 | 97.8 | 97.8 | 97.5 | 98.3 | 98.1 | 98 | 97.8 | 97.8 | 97.5 | 98.3 | 98.1 | 98 | 97.8 | 99.7 | 99.4 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 99.5 | 97.9 | 97.6 | 98.3 | 98.1 | 98.1 | 97.9 | 97.9 | 97.6 | 98.3 | 98.1 | 98.1 | 97.9 |
GD-B | 98 | 98.2 | 99.2 | 99.5 | 98.6 | 98.8 | 98 | 98.2 | 99.2 | 99.5 | 98.6 | 98.8 | 98 | 98.2 | 99.2 | 99.5 | 98.6 | 98.8 | 97 | 96.5 | 98.3 | 98 | 97.6 | 97.2 | 98.2 | 98.3 | 99.3 | 99.5 | 98.7 | 98.9 | 98.1 | 98.3 | 99.3 | 99.5 | 98.7 | 98.9 |
ZJCZ4 | 98 | 98 | 97.9 | 98.7 | 98 | 98.4 | 98 | 98 | 97.9 | 98.7 | 98 | 98.4 | 98 | 98 | 97.9 | 98.7 | 98 | 98.4 | 97.1 | 96.5 | 97.2 | 97.5 | 97.1 | 97 | 98.2 | 98.3 | 98 | 98.7 | 98.1 | 98.5 | 98.1 | 98.3 | 98 | 98.7 | 98.1 | 98.5 |
KNU-1406-1 | 92.6 | 91.9 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 95.8 | 95.6 | 92.6 | 91.9 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 95.8 | 95.6 | 92.6 | 91.9 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 95.8 | 95.6 | 92.2 | 90.9 | 98.6 | 98.1 | 95.2 | 94.3 | 92.7 | 92 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 95.9 | 95.6 | 92.7 | 92 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 95.9 | 95.6 |
SM98 | 89.9 | 88.9 | 94.5 | 94.6 | 92.1 | 91.6 | 89.9 | 88.9 | 94.5 | 94.6 | 92.1 | 91.6 | 89.9 | 88.9 | 94.5 | 94.6 | 92.1 | 91.6 | 89.3 | 88.1 | 93.7 | 93.6 | 91.4 | 90.7 | 90.1 | 88.9 | 94.5 | 94.6 | 92.2 | 91.6 | 90 | 88.9 | 94.5 | 94.6 | 92.1 | 91.6 |
KNU-1305 G2b | 98.9 | 98.7 | 99.4 | 99.3 | 99.1 | 99 | 98.9 | 98.7 | 99.4 | 99.3 | 99.1 | 99 | 98.9 | 98.7 | 99.4 | 99.3 | 99.1 | 99 | 97.8 | 97.1 | 98.5 | 97.8 | 98.1 | 97.4 | 99 | 99 | 99.5 | 99.3 | 99.3 | 99.2 | 99 | 99 | 99.5 | 99.3 | 99.2 | 99.2 |
LC G2a | 97.7 | 97.9 | 97.1 | 98.1 | 97.4 | 98 | 97.7 | 97.9 | 97.1 | 98.1 | 97.4 | 98 | 97.7 | 97.9 | 97.1 | 98.1 | 97.4 | 98 | 96.8 | 96.4 | 96.3 | 96.9 | 96.6 | 96.6 | 97.9 | 98.2 | 97.2 | 98.1 | 97.5 | 98.1 | 97.8 | 98.2 | 97.2 | 98.1 | 97.5 | 98.1 |
GDS09 G1b | 90.1 | 89.4 | 96.1 | 95.8 | 92.9 | 92.5 | 90.1 | 89.4 | 96.1 | 95.8 | 92.9 | 92.5 | 90.1 | 89.4 | 96.1 | 95.8 | 92.9 | 92.5 | 89.4 | 88.5 | 95.4 | 95.1 | 92.2 | 91.6 | 90.1 | 89.6 | 96.2 | 95.8 | 93 | 92.5 | 90.1 | 89.6 | 96.2 | 95.8 | 93 | 92.5 |
CV777 G1a | 90.6 | 90 | 96 | 96.6 | 93.2 | 93.1 | 90.6 | 90 | 96 | 96.6 | 93.2 | 93.1 | 90.6 | 90 | 96 | 96.6 | 93.2 | 93.1 | 90 | 89.1 | 95.2 | 95.5 | 92.5 | 92.2 | 90.7 | 90 | 96 | 96.6 | 93.3 | 93.1 | 90.7 | 90 | 96 | 96.6 | 93.2 | 93.1 |
CV777 numbering | 57 | 127 | 213 | 230 | 261 | 297 | 321 | 341 | 348 | 378 | 422 | 511 | 553 | 664 | 685 | 719 | 723 | |||||||||||||||
CV777 G1a | NSS | NKT | NVT | NCT | NDS | NHT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | NST | NNT | |||||||||||||||
CNU-22P1 | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P2 | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P4 | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S11 | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | NST | |||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S16 | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S17 | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NLS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | ||||||||||||||||||
KNU-1305 G2b | NST | NAT | NVT | NDS | NQT | NDT | NFS | NSS | NST | NFT | NIT | NVT | NSS | NVT | ||||||||||||||||||
KNU-1305 numbering | 62 | 118 | 216 | 264 | 300 | 324 | 344 | 351 | 381 | 425 | 514 | 556 | 667 | 688 | 722 | |||||||||||||||||
CV777 numbering | 740 | 778 | 784 | 870 | 1006 | 1229 | 1246 | 1258 | 1270 | 1275 | 1292 | 1305 | 1384 | |||||||||||||||||||
CV777 G1a | NCT | NIS | NFS | NFT | NIT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | |||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P1 | NCT | NIS | NFS | NLT | NIT | NHT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P2 | NCT | NIS | NFS | NLT | NIT | NHT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22P4 | NCT | NIS | NFS | NLT | NIT | NHT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S11 | NCT | NIS | NFS | NFT | NIT | NHT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | |||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S16 | NCT | NIS | NFS | NLT | NIT | NHT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | ||||||||||||||||||
CNU-22S17 | NCT | NIS | NFS | NLT | NIT | NHT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | ||||||||||||||||||
KNU-1305 G2b | NCT | NIS | NFS | NFT | NIT | NHT | NLT | NKT | NRT | NAT | NLT | NTT | NNT | * | ||||||||||||||||||
KNU-1305 numbering | 743 | 781 | 787 | 873 | 1009 | 1196 | 1232 | 1249 | 1261 | 1273 | 1278 | 1295 | 1308 | 1387 |
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Le, B.T.; Gallage, H.C.; Kim, M.-H.; Park, J.-E. Molecular Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Field Samples in South Korea. Viruses 2023, 15, 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122428
Le BT, Gallage HC, Kim M-H, Park J-E. Molecular Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Field Samples in South Korea. Viruses. 2023; 15(12):2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122428
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe, Bac Tran, Hansani Chathurika Gallage, Min-Hui Kim, and Jung-Eun Park. 2023. "Molecular Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Field Samples in South Korea" Viruses 15, no. 12: 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122428
APA StyleLe, B. T., Gallage, H. C., Kim, M.-H., & Park, J.-E. (2023). Molecular Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Field Samples in South Korea. Viruses, 15(12), 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122428