Selection of Restoration Material for Abies koreana Based on Its Genetic Diversity on Mt. Hallasan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. DNA Extraction, Amplification, and Sizing
2.3. Genetic Data Analysis
2.4. Spatial Genetic Structure Analysis
2.5. Comparison between Sampling Strategies
3. Results
3.1. Genetic Diversity
3.2. Spatial Genetic Structure
3.3. Sample Size
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Subpopulation | Sample Size | Height (m) | DBH (cm) | Geographic Location | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude | Longitude | Altitude (m) | |||||
1 | Bangaeoreum | 128 | 3.9 | 17.4 | 126°31.0′ | 33°21.3′ | 1610–1646 |
2 | Yeongsil | 152 | 3.6 | 17.3 | 126°30.5′ | 33°21.6′ | 1652–1663 |
3 | Jindallaebat (Azalea Field) | 176 | 5.0 | 22.7 | 126°33.3′ | 33°22.1′ | 1493–1551 |
No. | Primer | Primer (5′–3′) | Repeat motif | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aag02 | F: TATTCCTCCACTTGGGTGCT | (GA)13 | [23] |
R: GGTGGAGATCCGTATGCAAT | (Abies alba) | |||
2 | Aat04 | F: CCATGTATGGTGCTCCTCCT | (CAG)11 | [23] |
R: CCTTCATTGCAGAAAAGCAA | (A. alba) | |||
3 | Aat05 | F: AGCATCCACATTCCGTAACC | (GCA)7 | [23] |
R: AGTTGACCGTTGGAGAGCAG | (A. alba) | |||
4 | Aat12 | F: ATCCATATCTCCTGCCTTGC | (AG)12 | [23] |
R: CTTTCCAGGTGATCTGATTGC | (A. alba) | |||
5 | Aat15 | F: AGGAGGAGGTTCAGCATGTC | (AGA)8 | [23] |
R: CTTGCTCTCTGACCCAGTTG | (A. alba) | |||
6 | SF83 | F: AGCAGCATAACCAAGGGTCAA | (CTT)3…(GCC)5 | [23] |
R: TCTGAATTTCTAAAGGCGGC | (A. alba) | |||
7 | NFF07 | F: CCCAAACTGGAAGATTGGAC | (GA)33 | [24] |
R: ATCGCCATCCATCATCAGA | (A. nordmanniana) | |||
8 | NFF15 | F: CGCCTCCCTCCATTACTTC | (AC)15 | [24] |
R: TCGTCTAGAGAGGCGAAATTCT | (A. nordmanniana) | |||
9 | C49 | F: GACGAAGATCAGTACAAGGCACGA | (AGGAGA)7 | [25] |
R: GCGATCCTTCAATTTGTCCTTCTC | (A. firma) | |||
10 | C28104 | F: CGAGGAAGAAGCCAAGTTATCAGG | (ATA)5 | [25] |
R: CACAGTTAAAAAGGCGGCCTACAG | (A. firma) |
Subpopulation | A | Ae | Ho | He | FIS | |
Bangaeoreum | Mean | 6.8 | 3.8 | 0.480 | 0.591 | 0.136 *** |
SE | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.066 | 0.078 | 0.076 | |
Yeongsil | Mean | 7.0 | 3.6 | 0.527 | 0.595 | 0.071 *** |
SE | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.062 | 0.076 | 0.058 | |
Jindalleabat | Mean | 7.5 | 4.3 | 0.589 | 0.619 | 0.015 *** |
(Azalea Field) | SE | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.076 | 0.083 | 0.065 |
Mt. Hallasan | Mean | 8.0 | 4.2 | 0.538 | 0.614 | 0.083 *** |
SE | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.065 | 0.079 | 0.059 |
Source | Degrees | Sum | Mean | Estimated | Percent | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
of Freedom | of Squares | Squares | Variation | of Variation | ||
Among subpopulations | 2 | 100.133 | 50.066 | 0.287 | 4% | 0.001 |
Within subpopulations | 453 | 3099.492 | 6.842 | 6.842 | 96% | - |
Total | 455 | 3199.625 | 7.129 | 100% | - |
Subpopulation | Bangaeoreum | Yeongsil | Jindalleabat |
---|---|---|---|
Bangaeoreum | - | 0.016 *** | 0.010 *** |
Yeongsil | 0.050 | - | 0.013 *** |
Jindalleabat | 0.031 | 0.046 | - |
Subpopulation | No. of Samples | ||||||||||||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | ||||||||
Bangaeoreum (%) | 70 ± 3.9 e | 89 ± 3.0 d | 93 ± 5.3 c | 95 ± 3.6 bc | 98 ± 1.6 ab | 99 ± 1.2 a | 100 a | 100 a | |||||||
Yeongsil (%) | 73 ± 4.6 d | 86 ± 5.6 c | 93 ± 5.5 b | 97 ± 2.8 a | 99 ± 2.8 a | 99 ± 1.2 a | 100 a | 100 a | |||||||
Jindalleabat (%) | 75 ± 3.6 e | 90 ± 4.0 d | 95 ± 4.4 c | 97 ± 2.1 bc | 98 ± 2.1 ab | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | |||||||
Population | No. of Samples | ||||||||||||||
9 | 15 | 24 | 30 | 39 | 45 | 60 | 69 | 75 | 84 | 90 | 99 | 105 | 114 | 120 | |
Mt. Hallasan (%) | 87 ± 6.0 c | 95 ± 1.6 b | 98 ± 2.8 ab | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a |
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Chae, S.-B.; Lim, H.-I.; Kim, Y.-Y. Selection of Restoration Material for Abies koreana Based on Its Genetic Diversity on Mt. Hallasan. Forests 2022, 13, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13010024
Chae S-B, Lim H-I, Kim Y-Y. Selection of Restoration Material for Abies koreana Based on Its Genetic Diversity on Mt. Hallasan. Forests. 2022; 13(1):24. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13010024
Chicago/Turabian StyleChae, Seung-Beom, Hyo-In Lim, and Yong-Yul Kim. 2022. "Selection of Restoration Material for Abies koreana Based on Its Genetic Diversity on Mt. Hallasan" Forests 13, no. 1: 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13010024
APA StyleChae, S.-B., Lim, H.-I., & Kim, Y.-Y. (2022). Selection of Restoration Material for Abies koreana Based on Its Genetic Diversity on Mt. Hallasan. Forests, 13(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13010024