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28 November 2025

Microwave-Crosslinked Polymer Binder MA-AANa/D Biodegradable in an Aqueous Environment–Selected Own Research

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1
Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Department of Foundry Process Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
2
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Ceramics and Refractories, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
3
Faculty of Exact and Technical Sciences, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
4
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymers and Biopolymers, Rzeszów University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-029 Rzeszów, Poland
Materials2025, 18(23), 5379;https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235379 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Achievements in Foundry Materials and Technologies

Abstract

The article presents a series of studies on a new polymer binder in the form of an aqueous composition of MA-AANa/D in the aspect of its reusability in the casting process and its safe storage in landfills. FT-IR analysis confirmed that microwave radiation induces crosslinking of both the MA-AANa/D binder and the moulding sand containing it. It was found that after simple treatment of the microwave-cured binder, its original binding properties can be restored, as the hydrogen-bond networks formed under microwave irradiation are reversible. The bending strength ( R g u ) tests of both fresh and regenerated moulding sands bonded with MA-AANa/D confirmed that the achieved curing degree meets the requirements for mould and core production. In addition, the biodegradability of the MA-AANa/D binder was evaluated using the Zahn-Wellens test. The progressive biodegradation was monitored through chemical oxygen demand (UV-Vis) measurements and the corresponding biodegradation degree (Rt). The results confirmed that MA-AANa/D is fully biodegradable in aqueous environments, as evidenced by an Rt value of 63.5% after 28 days of testing.
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