Biofunctionalization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Using Potent NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Immobilized on Nanometric Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate to Reduce Biofilm Formation

Pica, Monica; Messere, Nicla; Felicetti, Tommaso; Sabatini, Stefano; Pietrella, Donatella; Nocchetti, Morena

doi:10.3390/ma14030670

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Biofunctionalization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Using Potent NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Immobilized on Nanometric Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate to Reduce Biofilm Formation

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^1,*

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^1,*

Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy

Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Dimitris S. Argyropoulos

Materials 2021, 14(3), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030670

Received: 30 December 2020 / Revised: 25 January 2021 / Accepted: 27 January 2021 / Published: 1 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)

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Abstract

Polymeric composites, where bioactive species are immobilized on inorganic nanostructured matrix, have received considerable attention as surfaces able to reduce bacterial adherence, colonization, and biofilm formation in implanted medical devices. In this work, potent in-house S. aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), belonging to the 2-phenylquinoline class, were immobilized on nanometric alpha-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) taking into advantage of acid-base or intercalation reactions. The ZrP/EPI were used as filler of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to obtain film composites with a homogeneous distribution of the ZrP/EPI fillers. As reference, PLGA films loaded with ZrP intercalated with thioridazine (TZ), that is recognized as both a NorA and biofilm inhibitor, and with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CPX) were prepared. Composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ability of the composite films, containing ZrP/EPI, to inhibit biofilm formation was tested on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and it was compared with that of the composite loaded with ZrP/TZ. Finally, the antibacterial activity of CPX intercalated in ZrP was evaluated when used in combination with ZrP/EPI in the PLGA films. View Full-Text

Keywords: zirconium phosphate; PLGA; Efflux pump inhibitors; biofilm inhibition; composites

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pica, M.; Messere, N.; Felicetti, T.; Sabatini, S.; Pietrella, D.; Nocchetti, M. Biofunctionalization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Using Potent NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Immobilized on Nanometric Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate to Reduce Biofilm Formation. Materials 2021, 14, 670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030670

AMA Style

Pica M, Messere N, Felicetti T, Sabatini S, Pietrella D, Nocchetti M. Biofunctionalization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Using Potent NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Immobilized on Nanometric Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate to Reduce Biofilm Formation. Materials. 2021; 14(3):670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030670

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pica, Monica, Nicla Messere, Tommaso Felicetti, Stefano Sabatini, Donatella Pietrella, and Morena Nocchetti. 2021. "Biofunctionalization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Using Potent NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Immobilized on Nanometric Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate to Reduce Biofilm Formation" Materials 14, no. 3: 670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030670

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Biofunctionalization of Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) Using Potent NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors Immobilized on Nanometric Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate to Reduce Biofilm Formation

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