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Volume 19
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10.3390/en19010248
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Article

Detection of PMSM Inter-Turn Winding Faults Using DC Link Current in Field-Oriented Variable-Frequency Drives

by
Fu-Sheng Pai
* and
Chun-Kai Chiang
Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700104, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(1), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010248
Submission received: 24 November 2025 / Revised: 21 December 2025 / Accepted: 30 December 2025 / Published: 1 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC-DC Converters)
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Abstract

This paper presents a method for detecting inter-turn short-circuit faults in motor windings using the inverter’s DC link current. The proposed approach leverages the fact that the second harmonic component of the DC bus current increases significantly under abnormal conditions. By analyzing the dynamic behavior of this second harmonic signal, the method enables fast, easily integrated fault diagnosis without requiring any hardware modifications. The experimental results verify the method’s effectiveness. At 500 rpm, a 5% partial short circuit produces a second harmonic component about 2.8 times larger than that of a healthy motor, while a 30% fault raises the ratio to about 3.6. The close match between theory and experiment confirms the accuracy and practicality of the proposed technique.
Keywords: variable frequency drive; permanent magnet synchronous motor; inter-turn fault variable frequency drive; permanent magnet synchronous motor; inter-turn fault

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pai, F.-S.; Chiang, C.-K. Detection of PMSM Inter-Turn Winding Faults Using DC Link Current in Field-Oriented Variable-Frequency Drives. Energies 2026, 19, 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010248

AMA Style

Pai F-S, Chiang C-K. Detection of PMSM Inter-Turn Winding Faults Using DC Link Current in Field-Oriented Variable-Frequency Drives. Energies. 2026; 19(1):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010248

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pai, Fu-Sheng, and Chun-Kai Chiang. 2026. "Detection of PMSM Inter-Turn Winding Faults Using DC Link Current in Field-Oriented Variable-Frequency Drives" Energies 19, no. 1: 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010248

APA Style

Pai, F.-S., & Chiang, C.-K. (2026). Detection of PMSM Inter-Turn Winding Faults Using DC Link Current in Field-Oriented Variable-Frequency Drives. Energies, 19(1), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010248

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