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Advances in DC-DC Converters

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2026 | Viewed by 2487

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82401, Taiwan
Interests: solar tracker systems; green energy supply system design; single-chip microprocessor digital control; smart grid; energy management systems; saving-energy illumination (LED driver); power electronics; multiport converters for renewable energy systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Growing concern regarding the deterioration of the global environment has resulted in a rapidly increasing demand for renewable energy storage systems, such as solar power, wind power, and integrated energy storage systems. Efficient voltage conversion technology has therefore become increasingly crucial because these systems often operate at high or unstable voltage levels. Modern trends in the utilization of DC supply involve the development of DC microgrids, DC homes, and DC appliances. In such a context, deviating from the tradition of utilizing a DC-to-AC converter (inverter) with or without battery-based energy storage to buffer the fluctuations of DC bus supply, DC–DC converters with built-in energy storage are required due to their reliability.

DC-DC converters can be categorized into isolated and non-isolated types, with the primary distinction being the presence or absence of electrical isolation. Isolated converters use transformers to ensure electrical isolation between the input and output, which enhances the system safety. However, their circuit design is more complex compared with non-isolated converters. Non-isolated converters feature simpler structures but require extreme duty cycle operation to achieve high step-up or step-down voltage conversion. In addition, non-isolated converters offer notable advantages in renewable energy systems owing to their high efficiency and straightforward structure. The absence of bulky components like transformers results in a more compact and lightweight design, rendering non-isolated converters well-suited for space-constrained applications. Therefore, the simplicity of their topology and reduced component count effectively lower design and manufacturing costs, meeting the demands of cost-sensitive renewable energy systems. In all practical converters, (i) conversion efficiency, (ii) load regulation, (iii) line regulation, (iv) loop stability, (v) power density, and (vi) EMC compatibility are important design parameters.

This Special Issue focuses on advanced DC power converters for various energy systems.

Prof. Dr. Yu-En Wu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • DC–DC converters
  • power electronics
  • energy storage systems

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 11690 KB  
Article
An ISOP LLC Resonant DC–DC Converter with Wide Voltage Range and High Step-Down Ratio for Electric Vehicle Auxiliary Power Systems
by Ming-Tsung Tsai, Ching-Lung Chu, Wen-Chuan Fang and Yu-Xiang Lin
Energies 2026, 19(6), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19061415 - 11 Mar 2026
Viewed by 734
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) employ high-voltage battery systems to improve drivetrain efficiency, while numerous auxiliary loads still require low-voltage power supplies, typically at 12 V. This creates a demand for isolated DC–DC auxiliary power modules (APMs) with high step-down ratios, wide operating ranges, and [...] Read more.
Electric vehicles (EVs) employ high-voltage battery systems to improve drivetrain efficiency, while numerous auxiliary loads still require low-voltage power supplies, typically at 12 V. This creates a demand for isolated DC–DC auxiliary power modules (APMs) with high step-down ratios, wide operating ranges, and high energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, a high-efficiency DC–DC converter based on an input-series output-parallel (ISOP) LLC resonant architecture is proposed for EV auxiliary power applications. The proposed converter adopts dual LLC modules connected in an ISOP configuration to distribute stress, reduce the transformer turns ratio, and inherently achieve output current sharing. Full-bridge and half-bridge LLC operating modes are combined with hybrid pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) and phase-shift modulation (PSM) control strategies to enable wide voltage operation while maintaining soft-switching characteristics. A two-phase interleaved scheme further suppresses output current ripple. A 1000 W prototype demonstrates stable operation over 200–400 V input and 10–16 V output ranges with a peak efficiency of 97.87%. In this paper, PSM denotes phase-shift modulation, defined as the intentional delay between primary-side switching legs for power regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC-DC Converters)
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27 pages, 5834 KB  
Article
Wide-Input High-Step-Up DC–DC Converter with High Efficiency and High Voltage Gain
by Yu-En Wu and Wei-Shan Lin
Energies 2026, 19(5), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051320 - 5 Mar 2026
Viewed by 586
Abstract
This study proposes a wide-input high-step-up DC–DC converter with high efficiency and high voltage conversion ratio. Two coupled inductors were adopted to achieve a parallel-charging and series-discharging energy transfer mechanism, and a voltage multiplier circuit was integrated to increase the voltage gain. The [...] Read more.
This study proposes a wide-input high-step-up DC–DC converter with high efficiency and high voltage conversion ratio. Two coupled inductors were adopted to achieve a parallel-charging and series-discharging energy transfer mechanism, and a voltage multiplier circuit was integrated to increase the voltage gain. The proposed topology uses a single pulse width modulation signal to drive two main switches synchronously, resulting in a low switch count and simple control circuit, concurrently achieving a wide input voltage range of 24 V to 48 V. The proposed converter comprises an active switched inductor combined with a voltage multiplier circuit, achieving a high voltage gain without relying on high duty cycle operation or high-turns-ratio design. The leakage energy of the coupled inductors was recycled through a passive-clamp circuit, effectively suppressing the voltage spikes of the switching devices and reducing their voltage stress. Finally, a 1 kW converter was implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed topology through steady-state analysis, circuit simulation, and hardware experiments. The maximum efficiencies achieved were 94.7% and 96.2% at input voltages of 24 V and 48 V, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC-DC Converters)
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16 pages, 3344 KB  
Article
Detection of PMSM Inter-Turn Winding Faults Using DC Link Current in Field-Oriented Variable-Frequency Drives
by Fu-Sheng Pai and Chun-Kai Chiang
Energies 2026, 19(1), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010248 - 1 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 713
Abstract
This paper presents a method for detecting inter-turn short-circuit faults in motor windings using the inverter’s DC link current. The proposed approach leverages the fact that the second harmonic component of the DC bus current increases significantly under abnormal conditions. By analyzing the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a method for detecting inter-turn short-circuit faults in motor windings using the inverter’s DC link current. The proposed approach leverages the fact that the second harmonic component of the DC bus current increases significantly under abnormal conditions. By analyzing the dynamic behavior of this second harmonic signal, the method enables fast, easily integrated fault diagnosis without requiring any hardware modifications. The experimental results verify the method’s effectiveness. At 500 rpm, a 5% partial short circuit produces a second harmonic component about 2.8 times larger than that of a healthy motor, while a 30% fault raises the ratio to about 3.6. The close match between theory and experiment confirms the accuracy and practicality of the proposed technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in DC-DC Converters)
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