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Energies
Volume 18
Issue 15
10.3390/en18154015
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Article

Temperature Dependence of H2/Air and CH4/Air Deflagrations

by
Rafał Porowski
1,2,
Gianmaria Pio
3,
Fekadu Mosisa Wako
3,4,
Robert Kowalik
5,
Tomasz Gorzelnik
6,
Vojtěch Jankůj
2 and
Ernesto Salzano
3,*
1
Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
2
Faculty of Safety Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Safety Research, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70030 Ostrava, Czech Republic
3
Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università di Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
4
IMT Atlantique Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement, F-44007 Nantes, France
5
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
6
Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4015; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154015
Submission received: 16 June 2025 / Revised: 23 July 2025 / Accepted: 23 July 2025 / Published: 28 July 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study presents a detailed analysis of the combustion dynamics of stoichiometric H2–air and CH4–air mixtures in a 20 L closed vessel over an initial temperature range of 298–423 K. We integrate experimental pressure–time P(t) measurements with numerical analysis to extract laminar burning velocity (LBV) and deflagration index (KG) values, and we assess three independent kinetic mechanisms (KiBo_MU, University of San Diego, Lund University) via simulations. For H2–air, LBV increases from 0.50 m/s at 298 K to 0.94 m/s at 423 K (temperature exponent α ≈ 1.79), while for CH4–air, LBV rises from 0.36 m/s to 0.96 m/s (α ≈ 2.82). In contrast, the deflagration index KG decreases by ca. 20% for H2–air and ca. 30% for CH4–air over the same temperature span. The maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) and peak pressure rise rate ((dP/dt)max) also exhibit systematic increases with temperature. A comparison with model predictions shows agreement within experiments, providing data for safety modeling and kinetic mechanism validation in H2- and CH4-based energy systems.
Keywords: hydrogen; methane; laminar burning velocity; deflagration; kinetic modeling hydrogen; methane; laminar burning velocity; deflagration; kinetic modeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Porowski, R.; Pio, G.; Wako, F.M.; Kowalik, R.; Gorzelnik, T.; Jankůj, V.; Salzano, E. Temperature Dependence of H2/Air and CH4/Air Deflagrations. Energies 2025, 18, 4015. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154015

AMA Style

Porowski R, Pio G, Wako FM, Kowalik R, Gorzelnik T, Jankůj V, Salzano E. Temperature Dependence of H2/Air and CH4/Air Deflagrations. Energies. 2025; 18(15):4015. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154015

Chicago/Turabian Style

Porowski, Rafał, Gianmaria Pio, Fekadu Mosisa Wako, Robert Kowalik, Tomasz Gorzelnik, Vojtěch Jankůj, and Ernesto Salzano. 2025. "Temperature Dependence of H2/Air and CH4/Air Deflagrations" Energies 18, no. 15: 4015. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154015

APA Style

Porowski, R., Pio, G., Wako, F. M., Kowalik, R., Gorzelnik, T., Jankůj, V., & Salzano, E. (2025). Temperature Dependence of H2/Air and CH4/Air Deflagrations. Energies, 18(15), 4015. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154015

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