Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Behavior and Transient Electric Field under Polarity Reversal of HVDC Extruded Cable
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of Bipolar Charge Transport Model
2.1. Overall Bipolar Charge Transport Model
2.2. Governing Equations
3. Application of Bipolar Charge Transport Model to Polarity Reversal Duration
3.1. Simulation Conditions
3.2. Modification of Boundary Condition Considering Polarity Reversal
- Since the electric field at the conductor interface after the start of voltage application was above the threshold electric field, mobile holes were injected by the Schottky injection.
- Over time, the electric field at conductor was lowered below the threshold value by homo-charge, and the linear conduction equation was applied.
- When the direction of the electric field was reversed, the conductor became a cathode and the mobile holes were extracted.
- In addition, the reversed electric field strength was gradually intensified over time, and the mobile electrons were injected from the conductor.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Polarity Reversal without Electric Potential Zero Duration
4.2. Polarity Reversal with Electric Potential Zero Duration
5. Conclusions
- The modified model is suggested to analyze space charge behavior at transient states such as polarity reversal by modifying boundary conditions.
- The capacitive field was dominant on the electric field distribution during polarity reversal at the low load currents.
- Due to slow space charge behavior at low currents, electric field at the conductor interface was intensified immediately after the polarity reversal at the low load currents.
- The active space charge behavior caused by the high load currents has the effect of alleviating the electric field concentration by forming the homo-charge near the conductor.
- The longer electric potential zero duration contributed to form a homo-charge at the conductor.
- As a result, high load currents and long electric potential zero duration reduced the maximum field strength by 32.3% compared to low load currents without electric potential zero.
- In conclusion, the polarity reversal needs to be performed at the relatively high load currents and sufficiently long electric potential zero duration.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value | Units |
---|---|---|
Injection barrier heights | ||
wei for electrons | 1.27 | eV |
whi for holes | 1.16 | eV |
Trapping coefficients | ||
Be for electrons | 0.1 | 1/s |
Bh for holes | 0.2 | 1/s |
Trap depths (for hopping) | ||
wμe for electrons | 0.71 | eV |
wμh for holes | 0.65 | eV |
Trap densities | ||
noet for electrons | 100 | C/m3 |
noht for holes | 100 | C/m3 |
De-trapping barrier heights | ||
wtre for electrons | 0.96 | eV |
wtrh for electrons | 0.99 | eV |
Material | Resistivity (Ω·m) | Temperature Coefficient (1/K) |
---|---|---|
Copper | 1.7247 × 10−8 | 3.93 × 10−3 |
Aluminum | 2.8264 × 10−8 | 4.03 × 10−3 |
Potential Zero Duration (s) | Applied Current | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
250 A | 350 A | |||
Emax (kV/mm) | Radius (mm) | Emax (kV/mm) | Radius (mm) | |
0 | 56.34 | 4.5 | 47.62 | 4.61 |
60 | 55.93 | 4.5 | 46.82 | 4.63 |
1800 | 48.83 | 4.5 | 38.15 | 4.91 |
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Kim, S.-J.; Lee, B.-W. Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Behavior and Transient Electric Field under Polarity Reversal of HVDC Extruded Cable. Energies 2020, 13, 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112845
Kim S-J, Lee B-W. Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Behavior and Transient Electric Field under Polarity Reversal of HVDC Extruded Cable. Energies. 2020; 13(11):2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112845
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sun-Jin, and Bang-Wook Lee. 2020. "Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Behavior and Transient Electric Field under Polarity Reversal of HVDC Extruded Cable" Energies 13, no. 11: 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112845