A Hybrid Dynamic System Assessment Methodology for Multi-Modal Transportation-Electrification
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Academic Editor: Hongwen He
Energies 2017, 10(5), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050653
Received: 15 February 2017 / Revised: 16 April 2017 / Accepted: 4 May 2017 / Published: 9 May 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical Power and Energy System)
In recent years, electrified transportation, be it in the form of buses, trains, or cars have become an emerging form of mobility. Electric vehicles (EVs), especially, are set to expand the amount of electric miles driven and energy consumed. Nevertheless, the question remains as to whether EVs will be technically feasible within infrastructure systems. Fundamentally, EVs interact with three interconnected systems: the (physical) transportation system, the electric power grid, and their supporting information systems. Coupling of the two physical systems essentially forms a nexus, the transportation-electricity nexus (TEN). This paper presents a hybrid dynamic system assessment methodology for multi-modal transportation-electrification. At its core, it utilizes a mathematical model which consists of a marked Petri-net model superimposed on the continuous time microscopic traffic dynamics and the electrical state evolution. The methodology consists of four steps: (1) establish the TEN structure; (2) establish the TEN behavior; (3) establish the TEN Intelligent Transportation-Energy System (ITES) decision-making; and (4) assess the TEN performance. In the presentation of the methodology, the Symmetrica test case is used throughout as an illustrative example. Consequently, values for several measures of performance are provided. This methodology is presented generically and may be used to assess the effects of transportation-electrification in any city or area; opening up possibilities for many future studies.
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Keywords:
electrified transportation; transportation electrification transportation-electricity nexus (TEN); intelligent transportation systems; energy management systems; coordinated charging; vehicle-to-grid integration; electric vehicle (EV) carbon intensity
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MDPI and ACS Style
Van der Wardt, T.J.T.; Farid, A.M. A Hybrid Dynamic System Assessment Methodology for Multi-Modal Transportation-Electrification. Energies 2017, 10, 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050653
AMA Style
Van der Wardt TJT, Farid AM. A Hybrid Dynamic System Assessment Methodology for Multi-Modal Transportation-Electrification. Energies. 2017; 10(5):653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050653
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan der Wardt, Thomas J.T.; Farid, Amro M. 2017. "A Hybrid Dynamic System Assessment Methodology for Multi-Modal Transportation-Electrification" Energies 10, no. 5: 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050653
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