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Journal of Eye Movement Research is published by MDPI from Volume 18 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Bern Open Publishing (BOP).

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 5, Issue 4 (September 2012) – 5 articles

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10 pages, 710 KiB  
Article
On the Structure of Measurement Noise in Eye-Tracking
by Charles A. Coey, Sebastian Wallot, Michael J. Richardson and Guy Van Orden
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2012, 5(4), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.5.4.5 - 4 Sep 2012
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 61
Abstract
Past research has discovered fractal structure in eye movement variability and interpreted this result as having theoretical ramifications. No research has, however, investigated how properties of the eye-tracking instrument might affect the structure of measurement varia-bility. The current experiment employed fractal and multifractal [...] Read more.
Past research has discovered fractal structure in eye movement variability and interpreted this result as having theoretical ramifications. No research has, however, investigated how properties of the eye-tracking instrument might affect the structure of measurement varia-bility. The current experiment employed fractal and multifractal methods to investigate whether an eye-tracker produced intrinsic random variation and how features of the data recording procedure affected the structure measurement variability. The results of this experiment revealed that the structure of variation from a fake eye was indeed random and uncorrelated in contrast to the fractal structure from a fixated, real human eye. Moreover, the results demonstrated that data-averaging generally changes the structure of variation, introducing spurious structure into eye movement variability. Full article
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9 pages, 357 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Emotional Picture Thematic Content on Exploratory Eye Movements
by Elena Carniglia, Marcella Caputi, Valentina Manfredi, Daniela Zambarbieri and Eliano Pessa
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2012, 5(4), 1-9; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.5.4.4 - 26 Aug 2012
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 50
Abstract
In picture viewing, emotional vs. neutral stimuli could play a different role in eye movement parameters and in the spatial progression of the scanpath. The aim of this paper is to investigate exploratory behaviour of normal subjects during the vision of emotional vs. [...] Read more.
In picture viewing, emotional vs. neutral stimuli could play a different role in eye movement parameters and in the spatial progression of the scanpath. The aim of this paper is to investigate exploratory behaviour of normal subjects during the vision of emotional vs. non-emotional stimuli, by considering to what extent the thematic content (animate vs. inanimate) is likely to influence the observer’s eye movements. Sixty-five subjects’ eye movement patterns were measured while looking to emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) and neutral pictures depicting animate or inanimate contents. Results showed that the number of fixations and the gaze duration were greater for emotional pictures than for neutral ones, and animate pictures were fixated longer than inanimate ones. Both emotional and animate pictures may affect eye movements and constitute privileged stimuli of adaptive behavioural tendencies. Full article
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14 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Comparing Scanpaths During Scene Encoding and Recognition: A Multi-Dimensional Approach
by Tom Foulsham, Richard Dewhurst, Marcus Nyström, Halszka Jarodzka, Roger Johansson, Geoffrey Underwood and Kenneth Holmqvist
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2012, 5(4), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.5.4.3 - 24 Aug 2012
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 72
Abstract
Complex stimuli and tasks elicit particular eye movement sequences. Previous research has focused on comparing between these scanpaths, particularly in memory and imagery research where it has been proposed that observers reproduce their eye movements when recognizing or imagining a stimulus. However, it [...] Read more.
Complex stimuli and tasks elicit particular eye movement sequences. Previous research has focused on comparing between these scanpaths, particularly in memory and imagery research where it has been proposed that observers reproduce their eye movements when recognizing or imagining a stimulus. However, it is not clear whether scanpath similarity is related to memory performance and which particular aspects of the eye movements recur. We therefore compared eye movements in a picture memory task, using a recently proposed comparison method, MultiMatch, which quantifies scanpath similarity across multiple dimensions including shape and fixation duration. Scanpaths were more similar when the same participant’s eye movements were compared from two viewings of the same image than between different images or different participants viewing the same image. In addition, fixation durations were similar within a participant and this similarity was associated with memory performance. Full article
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10 pages, 2187 KiB  
Article
Influence of Soundtrack on Eye Movements During Video Exploration
by Antoine Coutrot, Nathalie Guyader, Gelu Ionescu and Alice Caplier
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2012, 5(4), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.5.4.2 - 8 Aug 2012
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 54
Abstract
Models of visual attention rely on visual features such as orientation, intensity or motion to predict which regions of complex scenes attract the gaze of observers. So far, sound has never been considered as a possible feature that might influence eye movements. Here, [...] Read more.
Models of visual attention rely on visual features such as orientation, intensity or motion to predict which regions of complex scenes attract the gaze of observers. So far, sound has never been considered as a possible feature that might influence eye movements. Here, we evaluate the impact of non-spatial sound on the eye movements of observers watching videos. We recorded eye movements of 40 participants watching assorted videos with and without their related soundtracks. We found that sound impacts on eye position, fixation duration and saccade amplitude. The effect of sound is not constant across time but becomes significant around one second after the beginning of video shots. Full article
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16 pages, 1052 KiB  
Article
Effects of Processing Difficulty on Eye Movements in Reading: A Review of Behavioral and Neural Observations
by Shun-nan Yang
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2012, 5(4), 1-16; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.5.4.1 - 1 Aug 2012
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 54
Abstract
In reading, text difficulties increase the duration of eye fixation and the frequency of refixation and regression. The present article reviews previous attempts to quantify these effects based on the frequency of effect theory (FET), and links these effects to results from microstimulation [...] Read more.
In reading, text difficulties increase the duration of eye fixation and the frequency of refixation and regression. The present article reviews previous attempts to quantify these effects based on the frequency of effect theory (FET), and links these effects to results from microstimulation of primate supplementary eye fields. Observed stimulation effects on the latency and frequency of visually-guided saccades depend on the onset time of electric current relative to target onset, and the strength of applied current. Resultant saccade delay was only observed for those made towards a highly predictive location ipsilateral to stimulated SEF sites. These findings are interpreted in the context of reading, where the detection of processing difficulty allows a suppression signal to supersede a forward saccade signal in a time race. This in turn permits a cognitively-based refixation/regression to be initiated in place of the suppressed forward saccade. Full article
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