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Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 15
Issue 11
10.4414/cvm.2012.00115
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Cardiovascular Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 28 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Editores Medicorum Helveticorum (EMH).
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Article

Early Versus Late Initial Echocardiographic Assessment in Infective Endocarditis: Similar Findings and No Difference in Clinical Outcome

by
Nicole R. Bonetti
1,
Mehdi Namdar
1,
Huldrych F. Guenthard
2,
Christiane Gruner
1,
Matthias Greutmann
1,
Jan Steffel
1,
David Huerlimann
1,
Christian Ruef
2,
Felix C. Tanner
1,
Rolf Jenni
1 and
Patric Biaggi
1,*
1
Clinic for Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
2
Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cardiovasc. Med. 2012, 15(11), 317; https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2012.00115
Submission received: 21 August 2012 / Revised: 21 September 2012 / Accepted: 21 October 2012 / Published: 21 November 2012
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: The optimal timing of the initial echocardiographic assessment and the influence of microorganisms on echocardiographic findings in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are not well studied. Methods: In 274 patients with IE, we studied the impact of antibiotic treatment duration of ≤2 days (early, 119 patients) or >2 days (late, 144 patients) prior to diagnostic echocardiography on IE specific findings and on clinical outcomes. Results were stratified for patients with Staphylococcus aureus (SA patients, n = 84) and those with other causative organisms (non-SA patients, n = 190). Results: There were no differences on specific echocardiographic findings between patients with early versus late echocardiography: Presence of vegetations: 91% vs 86%, p = 0.25; size of vegetations: 1.5 ± 0.7 cm vs. 1.5 ± 0.8 cm, p = 0.83; paravalvular abscess: 24% vs. 24%, p = 0.88, or valve destruction: 44% vs. 35%, p = 0.17. There were also no differences in terms of clinical outcomes between the two groups: Heart surgery for IE in 61% vs. 53%, p = 0.21, and in-hospital death in 8% vs. 11%, p = 0.46. The presence of SA was not associated with specific findings on echocardiography or worse clinical outcomes compared to non-SA patients. Conclusions: In patients with infective endocarditis, the findings of early vs late initial echocardiographic assessment did not differ, and echocardiographic findings did not allow inference on the causing organism. Neither the timing of the initial echocardiographic study nor any organism involved was associated with clinical outcome.
Keywords: infective endocarditis; timing; echocardiography; outcome infective endocarditis; timing; echocardiography; outcome

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bonetti, N.R.; Namdar, M.; Guenthard, H.F.; Gruner, C.; Greutmann, M.; Steffel, J.; Huerlimann, D.; Ruef, C.; Tanner, F.C.; Jenni, R.; et al. Early Versus Late Initial Echocardiographic Assessment in Infective Endocarditis: Similar Findings and No Difference in Clinical Outcome. Cardiovasc. Med. 2012, 15, 317. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2012.00115

AMA Style

Bonetti NR, Namdar M, Guenthard HF, Gruner C, Greutmann M, Steffel J, Huerlimann D, Ruef C, Tanner FC, Jenni R, et al. Early Versus Late Initial Echocardiographic Assessment in Infective Endocarditis: Similar Findings and No Difference in Clinical Outcome. Cardiovascular Medicine. 2012; 15(11):317. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2012.00115

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bonetti, Nicole R., Mehdi Namdar, Huldrych F. Guenthard, Christiane Gruner, Matthias Greutmann, Jan Steffel, David Huerlimann, Christian Ruef, Felix C. Tanner, Rolf Jenni, and et al. 2012. "Early Versus Late Initial Echocardiographic Assessment in Infective Endocarditis: Similar Findings and No Difference in Clinical Outcome" Cardiovascular Medicine 15, no. 11: 317. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2012.00115

APA Style

Bonetti, N. R., Namdar, M., Guenthard, H. F., Gruner, C., Greutmann, M., Steffel, J., Huerlimann, D., Ruef, C., Tanner, F. C., Jenni, R., & Biaggi, P. (2012). Early Versus Late Initial Echocardiographic Assessment in Infective Endocarditis: Similar Findings and No Difference in Clinical Outcome. Cardiovascular Medicine, 15(11), 317. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2012.00115

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