Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(11), 2597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112597
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Survival in Estuarine Bank Sediments
Mahbubul H. Siddiqee 1,2
, Rebekah Henry 1, Rebecca Coulthard 1, Christelle Schang 1, Richard Williamson 1, Rhys Coleman 3, Graham Rooney 3, Ana Deletic 1 and David McCarthy 1,*
, Rebekah Henry 1, Rebecca Coulthard 1, Christelle Schang 1, Richard Williamson 1, Rhys Coleman 3, Graham Rooney 3, Ana Deletic 1 and David McCarthy 1,*
1
Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM LAB), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC-3168, Australia
2
Molecular and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (MEM LAB), Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
3
Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, VIC-3008, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 2 October 2018 / Revised: 7 November 2018 / Accepted: 14 November 2018 / Published: 21 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recreational Water Illnesses)
Abstract
Estuarine bank sediments have the potential to support the survival and growth of fecal indicator organisms, including Escherichia coli. However, survival of fecal pathogens in estuarine sediments is not well researched and therefore remains a significant knowledge gap regarding public health risks in estuaries. In this study, simultaneous survival of Escherichia coli and a fecal pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, was studied for 21 days in estuarine bank sediment microcosms. Observed growth patterns for both organisms were comparable under four simulated scenarios; for continuous-desiccation, extended-desiccation, periodic-inundation, and continuous-inundation systems, logarithmic decay coefficients were 1.54/day, 1.51/day, 0.14/day, and 0.20/day, respectively, for E. coli, and 1.72/day, 1.64/day, 0.21/day, and 0.24/day for S. Typhimurium. Re-wetting of continuous-desiccated systems resulted in potential re-growth, suggesting survival under moisture-limited conditions. Key findings from this study include: (i) Bank sediments can potentially support human pathogens (S. Typhimurium), (ii) inundation levels influence the survival of fecal bacteria in estuarine bank sediments, and (iii) comparable survival rates of S. Typhimurium and E. coli implies the latter could be a reliable fecal indicator in urban estuaries. The results from this study will help select suitable monitoring and management strategies for safer recreational activities in urban estuaries. View Full-TextKeywords:
fecal indicator; fecal pathogen; waterborne pathogens; recreational risks; QMRA
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Siddiqee, M.H.; Henry, R.; Coulthard, R.; Schang, C.; Williamson, R.; Coleman, R.; Rooney, G.; Deletic, A.; McCarthy, D. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Survival in Estuarine Bank Sediments. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2597.
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