The Recreovía of Bogotá, a Community-Based Physical Activity Program to Promote Physical Activity among Women: Baseline Results of the Natural Experiment Al Ritmo de las Comunidades
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Measurement of Physical Activity
2.3.1. System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC)
2.3.2. Evaluation of Target Areas
2.3.3. Observation of Park Target Areas and Park Users
2.4. Training of Observers
2.5. Physical Activity Resource Assessment of Parks
2.6. Geographic Information System Data
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Parks and Target Areas
3.2. Quality of Parks
3.3. Park Users
3.4. Activities Observed in Target Areas in Parks with and without the Recreovía Program
3.5. PA Levels in Parks with and without a Recreovía Program
3.6. Patterns of PA Levels in Parks before, during and after Recreovía Program Activities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Parks with Existing Recreovías (n = 3) | Parks Implementing Future Recreovías (n = 3) | Control Parks (n = 3) | p | All Parks (n = 9) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size of park (m2) | |||||
Average ± SD | 113,634 ± 20,020 | 14,547 ± 7083 | 15,223 ± 11,474 | 0.066 a | 47,801 ± 50,829 |
Minimum–maximum | 96,257–135,527 | 8980–22,521 | 8182–28,464 | 8182–135,527 | |
Characteristics of target areas | |||||
Number | 95 | 60 | 55 | - | 210 |
Size (m2) | |||||
Average ± SD | 437.9 ± 727.99 | 208.7 ± 108.4 | 355.9 ± 543.2 | 0.543 a | 353.9 ± 577.1 |
Minimum–maximum | 50.0–3131 | 50.0–545.0 | 18.0–2883 | 18.0–3131 | |
Type of area (%) | |||||
Sports area | 63.2 | 41.7 | 40.0 | - | 51.0 |
Playground area | 13.7 | 16.7 | 12.7 | - | 14.3 |
Recreovía area | 13.7 | 13.3 * | 9.1 † | - | 12.4 |
Open area | 0.0 | 10.0 | 21.8 | - | 8.6 |
Skating/roller track | 4.2 | 3.3 | 10.9 | - | 5.7 |
Walking/running track | 3.2 | 8.3 | 1.8 | - | 4.3 |
Strength/stretching exercise area | 2.1 | 6.7 | 3.6 | - | 3.8 |
Conditions (%) | |||||
Usable | 99.7 | 100.0 | 98.2 | - | 99.4 |
Accessible | 100.0 | 96.6 | 100.0 | - | 99.0 |
Equiped | 50.8 | 23.5 | 32.9 | - | 38.4 |
Empty | 19.0 | 52.9 | 19.8 | - | 29.2 |
Organized | 42.1 | 1.0 | 9.6 | - | 22.1 |
Supervised | 11.2 | 18.1 | 9.6 | - | 12.9 |
Variable | Parks with Existing Recreovías (n = 3) | Parks Implementing Future Recreovías (n = 3) | Control Parks (n = 3) | p | All Parks (n = 9) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main activity in the target area (%) | |||||
Female (%) | |||||
Not present | 41.4 | 70.1 | 53.9 | - | 55.1 |
Aerobics (dance/step aerobics) | 21.2 | 0.0 | 1.8 | - | 7.7 |
Walking | 7.8 | 4.9 | 8.4 | - | 7.0 |
Basketball | 3.4 | 4.9 | 11.4 | - | 6.6 |
Standing up | 8.4 | 2.5 | 8.4 | - | 6.4 |
Skating | 1.6 | 5.9 | 5.4 | - | 4.3 |
Sitting | 5.9 | 4.9 | 1.8 | - | 4.2 |
Soccer | 0.3 | 2.5 | 5.4 | - | 2.7 |
Yoga | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 1.4 |
Stretching | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 | - | 1.0 |
Strengthening exercises | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.8 |
Bicycling/BMX | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.7 |
Volleyball | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 | - | 0.7 |
Swinging | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | - | 0.6 |
Jogging/running | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | - | 0.5 |
Male (%) | |||||
Not present | 24.3 | 60.8 | 29.3 | - | 38.1 |
Soccer | 9.4 | 13.7 | 19.8 | - | 14.3 |
Basketball | 5.0 | 4.9 | 20.4 | - | 10.1 |
Standing up | 10.9 | 4.9 | 9.6 | - | 8.5 |
Walking | 6.9 | 7.8 | 9.0 | - | 7.9 |
Aerobics (dance/step aerobics) | 20.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 6.8 |
Sitting | 5.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | - | 4.5 |
Bicycling/BMX | 0.6 | 1.5 | 3.6 | - | 1.9 |
Yoga | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 1.4 |
Skating | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | - | 1.3 |
Tennis/squash | 3.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 1.1 |
Strengthening exercises | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.6 | - | 1.0 |
Volleyball | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.2 | - | 0.9 |
Jogging/running | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.6 | - | 0.6 |
Stretching | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | - | 0.6 |
Swinging | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.2 | - | 0.5 |
Skateboard | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.4 |
Quality of park (score) | |||||
Features for physical activity | |||||
Average ± std. deviation | 50.0 ± 25.2 | 27.7 ± 9.1 | 25.3 ± 4.9 | 0.505 a | 34.3 ± 18.0 |
Minimum–maximum | 22.0–71.0 | 21.0–38.0 | 22.0–31.0 | 21.0–71.0 | |
Amenities (score) | |||||
Average ± std. deviation | 14.3 ± 8.5 | 9.7 ± 1.2 | 11.3 ± 3.1 | 0.802 a | 11.8 ± 5.1 |
Minimum–maximum | 8.0–24.0 | 8.0–12.0 | 8.0–14.0 | 8.0–24.0 | |
Incivilities (score of cleaning, aesthetics and safety) | |||||
Average ± std. deviation | 17.3 ± 8.2 | 21.0 ± 8.7 | 21.0 ± 8.7 | 0.429 a | 19.8 ± 7.6 |
Minimum–maximum | 8.0–23.0 | 11.0–27.0 | 11.0–26.0 | 8.0–27.0 | |
Services (score) | |||||
Average ± std. deviation | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.264 a | 2.4 ± 1.3 |
Minimum–maximum | 2.0–5.0 | 1.0–3.0 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.0–5.0 | |
Accessibility (score) | |||||
Average ± std. deviation | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.110 a | 2.3 ± 1.0 |
Minimum–maximum | 2.0–4.0 | 2.0–2.0 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.0–4.0 | |
Population density within 500 m from the boundaries of the park ‡ N (Average ± std. deviation) | |||||
Children (0–9 years) | 2718 (906 ± 638) | 6490 (2163 ± 1054) | 8996 (2998 ± 1315) | 0.121 b | 18,204 (2022 ± 1282) |
14.1% | 16.4% | 16.8% | 15.8% | ||
Adolescents (10–19 years) | 3262 (1087 ± 652) | 9034 (3011 ± 1930) | 9530 (3176 ± 1388) | 0.216 b | 21,826 (2425 ± 1591) |
16.9% | 22.8% | 17.8% | 19.7% | ||
Adults (20–59 years) | 11,769 (3923 ± 1613) | 21,327 (7109 ± 1814) | 31,241 (10,413 ± 5651) | 0.162 b | 64,337 (7148 ± 4166) |
61.0% | 53.9% | 58.4% | 57.4% | ||
Older adults (≥60 years) | 1546 (515 ± 62) | 2734 (911 ± 575) | 3742 (1247 ± 805) | 0.430 a | 8022 (891 ± 588) |
8.0% | 6.9% | 7.0% | 7.3% |
Variable | Parks with Existing Recreovías (n = 3) | Parks Implementing Future Recreovías (n = 3) | Control Parks (n = 3) | p | All Parks (n = 9) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Total users | 3376 | 68.5 | 495 | 10.1 | 1054 | 21.4 | 4925 | 100.0 | |
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 1790 | 53.0 | 196 | 39.6 | 344 | 32.6 | <0.001 | 2330 | 47.3 |
Male | 1586 | 47.0 | 299 | 60.4 | 710 | 67.4 | 2595 | 52.7 | |
Age group | |||||||||
Children | 674 | 20.0 | 179 | 36.2 | 328 | 31.1 | <0.001 | 1181 | 24.0 |
Adolescents | 239 | 7.1 | 89 | 18.0 | 242 | 23.0 | 570 | 11.6 | |
Adults | 2397 | 71.0 | 221 | 44.6 | 472 | 44.8 | 3090 | 62.7 | |
Older adults | 66 | 2.0 | 6 | 1.2 | 12 | 1.1 | 84 | 1.7 | |
Physical activity level | |||||||||
General | |||||||||
Sedentary | 994 | 29.9 | 147 | 29.8 | 338 | 33.7 | 0.068 | 1479 | 30.7 |
Moderate | 1808 | 54.3 | 255 | 51.6 | 520 | 51.8 | 2583 | 53.5 | |
Vigorous | 525 | 15.8 | 92 | 18.6 | 145 | 14.5 | 762 | 15.8 | |
Female | |||||||||
Sedentary | 434 | 25.4 | 66 | 31.2 | 143 | 44.4 | <0.001 | 643 | 28.6 |
Moderate | 991 | 57.8 | 106 | 50.3 | 144 | 44.7 | 1241 | 55.3 | |
Vigorous | 287 | 16.8 | 39 | 18.5 | 35 | 10.9 | 361 | 16.1 | |
Male | |||||||||
Sedentary | 560 | 34.7 | 81 | 28.6 | 195 | 28.6 | 0.022 | 836 | 32.4 |
Moderate | 817 | 50.6 | 149 | 52.7 | 376 | 55.2 | 1342 | 52.0 | |
Vigorous | 238 | 14.7 | 53 | 18.7 | 110 | 16.2 | 401 | 15.6 |
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Share and Cite
Sarmiento, O.L.; Rios, A.P.; Paez, D.C.; Quijano, K.; Fermino, R.C. The Recreovía of Bogotá, a Community-Based Physical Activity Program to Promote Physical Activity among Women: Baseline Results of the Natural Experiment Al Ritmo de las Comunidades. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060633
Sarmiento OL, Rios AP, Paez DC, Quijano K, Fermino RC. The Recreovía of Bogotá, a Community-Based Physical Activity Program to Promote Physical Activity among Women: Baseline Results of the Natural Experiment Al Ritmo de las Comunidades. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(6):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060633
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarmiento, Olga L., Ana Paola Rios, Diana C. Paez, Karoll Quijano, and Rogério César Fermino. 2017. "The Recreovía of Bogotá, a Community-Based Physical Activity Program to Promote Physical Activity among Women: Baseline Results of the Natural Experiment Al Ritmo de las Comunidades" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 6: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060633