Chemical Profiles and Identification of Key Compound Caffeine in Marine-Derived Traditional Chinese Medicine Ostreae concha
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical Profiles Analysis
No. | Source | Time | Site | Growth Years | Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | Medicinal materials a | August, 2008 | Anguo, Hebei | unknown b | c |
A2 | December, 2009 | Bozhou, Anhui | perennial | ||
A3 | September, 2010 | Bozhou, Anhui | unknown b | ||
A4 | May, 2010 | Yishui, Shandong | perennial | ||
A5 | October, 2010 | Heze, Shandong | perennial | ||
A6 | August, 2009 | Kaifeng, Henan | unknownb | ||
A7 | February, 2010 | Qingdao, Shandong | unknown b | ||
A8 | September,2009 | Weifang, Shandong | perennial | ||
A9 | October, 2010 | Beijing | unknown b | ||
A10 | June, 2010 | Wuhan, Hubei | perennial | ||
A11 | May, 2010 | Anguo, Hebei | perennial | ||
A12 | October, 2011 | Anguo, Hebei | perennial | ||
B1 | Cultured materials d | October, 2009 | Rongcheng, Shandong | 2 | C. gigas |
B2 | October, 2008 | Rongcheng, Shandong | 1 | C. gigas | |
B3 | October, 2009 | Qingdao, Shandong | 1 | C. gigas | |
B4 | October, 2009 | Yantai, Shandong | 1 | C. gigas | |
B5 | October, 2009 | Rushan, Shandong | 1 | C. gigas | |
B6 | October, 2009 | Lianyungang, Jiangsu | 2 | C. gigas | |
B7 | October, 2010 | Rongcheng, Shandong | 2 | C. talienwhanensis | |
B8 | October, 2009 | Rongcheng, Shandong | 3 | C. talienwhanensis | |
B9 | June, 2010 | Zhanjiang, Guangdong | 2 | C. rivularis | |
B10 | June, 2010 | Lianyungang, Jiangsu | 3 | C.plicatula | |
B11 | October, 2008 | Rongcheng, Shandong | 1.5 | C. gigas | |
B12 | October, 2009 | Rongcheng, Shandong | 1.5 | C. talienwhanensis |
2.2. Clarification of Potential Key Compounds
No. | Retention Time (min) | Mass (m/z) | VIP |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 14.74 | 256.3751 | 16.22 |
2 | 12.47 | 482.3632 | 15.23 |
3 | 6.98 | 274.2821 | 13.12 |
4 | 14.74 | 256.3572 | 13.08 |
5 | 10.88 | 318.2416 | 12.49 |
6 | 11.73 | 149.1551 | 12.12 |
7 | 10.74 | 318.2433 | 12.03 |
8 | 21.03 | 891.703 | 11.86 |
9 | 15.19 | 369.3002 | 11.48 |
10 | 11.68 | 149.0467 | 11.41 |
11 | 11.91 | 149.1791 | 11.40 |
12 | 11.91 | 149.1523 | 11.20 |
13 | 22.61 | 536.1675 | 11.06 |
14 | 14.31 | 510.3931 | 11.02 |
15 | 20.99 | 891.6757 | 10.99 |
16 | 20.96 | 457.3184 | 10.98 |
17 | 0.90 | 195.0964 | 10.97 |
18 | 22.62 | 541.1272 | 10.83 |
19 | 13.85 | 425.2196 | 10.21 |
20 | 7.18 | 318.3037 | 10.17 |
2.3. Isolation and Identification of Caffeine
3. Experimental Section
3.1. General Experimental Procedures
3.2. Collection of Oyster Shell Samples and Preparation for UPLC-MS Analysis
3.3. UPLC-MS Conditions
3.4. Data Analysis
3.5. Separation of Caffeine (1)
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Samples Availability: Available from the authors.
References
- Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, China Fishery Statistical Yearbook 2010; China Agriculture Press: Beijing, China, 2010; p. 26.
- Guan, H.S.; Wang, S.G. Chinese Marine Materia Medica (III)Ocean Press: Beijing, China; the Science and Technology Press in Shanghai: Shanghai, China, 2009; pp. 321–348, 1st ed. [Google Scholar]
- Zhong, J.W.; Chen, J.W.; Li, X.; Cai, B.C.; Hou, K.L. Influence of oyster on the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital sodium in mice. Chin. Arch. Tradit. Chin. Med. 2009, 27, 499–501. [Google Scholar]
- China Pharmacopoeia Committee, Chinese Pharmacopoeia (I); China Medica Science Press: Beijing, China, 2010; pp. 161–162.
- Zhang, H.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Y. Studies on chemical components and pharmacological activities of Os draconis (Longgu) and Ostreae concha. Chin. J. Chin. Mater. Med. 2011, 36, 1839–1840. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, Y.Z.; Lin, S. Analysis of components in Os draconis and oyster shells. J. Fujian Med. Univ. 1999, 33, 432–434. [Google Scholar]
- Guan, H.S.; Liu, H.B.; Yang, X. A method of preparation and application of the Ostreae concha extract. China Patent 201010280361.8, 26 January 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Choi, C.S.; Kim, Y.W. A study of the correlation between organic matrices and nanocomposite materials in oyster shell formation. Biomaterials 2000, 21, 213–222. [Google Scholar]
- Chiuminatto, U.; Gosetti, F.; Dossetto, P.; Mazzucco, E.; Zampieri, D.; Robotti, E.; Gennaro, M.C.; Marengo, E. Automated online solid phase extraction ultra high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of forty-two therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse in human urine. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 5636–5645. [Google Scholar]
- Gika, H.G.; Theodoridis, G.; Extance, J.; Edge, A.M.; Wilson, I.D. High temperature-ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the metabonomic analysis of Zucker rat urine. J. Chromatogr. B 2008, 871, 279–287. [Google Scholar]
- Kang, J.; Choi, M.Y.; Kang, S.; Kwon, H.N.; Wen, H.; Lee, C.H.; Park, M.; Wilklund, S.; Kim, H.J.; Kwon, S.W.; Park, S. Application of a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach combined with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis as anefficient tool for discriminating between Korean and Chinese herbal medicines. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2008, 56, 11589–11595. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, N.; Gao, H.Y.; Sun, B.H.; Wu, L.J. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Camellia sinensis. J. Shenyang Pharm. Univ. 2007, 24, 211–214. [Google Scholar]
- Sitkowski, J.; Stefaniak, L.; Nicol, L.; Martin, M.L.; Martin, G.J.; Webb, G.A. Complete assignments of the 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra of caffeine. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 1995, 51, 839–841. [Google Scholar]
- Daly, J.W. Caffeine analogs: Biomedical impact. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2007, 64, 2153–2169. [Google Scholar]
- Nathanson, J.A. Caffeine and related methylxanthines: Possible naturally occurring pesticides. Science 1984, 226, 184–187. [Google Scholar]
- Fisone, G.; Borgkvist, A.; Usiello, A. Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: Mechanism of action. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2004, 61, 857–872. [Google Scholar]
- Kang, S.S.; Han, K.S.; Ku, B.M.; Lee, Y.K.; Hong, J.; Shin, H.Y.; Almonte, A.G.; Woo, D.H.; Brat, D.J.; Hwang, E.M.; et al. Caffeine-mediated inhibition of calcium release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor subtype 3 blocks glioblastoma invasion and extends survival. Cancer Res. 2010, 70, 1173–1183. [Google Scholar]
- Eskelinena, M.H.; Kivipelto, M. Caffeine as a protective factor in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 20, S167–S174. [Google Scholar]
- Su, J.Y.; Long, K.H.; Jian, Z.G. Chemical constituents of Chinese Gorgonia (V). A new marine C29-sterol from Echinogorgia pseudossapo (Koelliker). J. Sun Yat-sen Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 1984, 1, 97–101. [Google Scholar]
- Imre, S.; Oztunc, A.; Celik, T.; Wagner, H. Isolation of caffeine from the gorgonian Paramuricea chamaeleon. J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 1187. [Google Scholar]
- Espada, A.; Jimenez, C.; Debitus, C.; Riguera, R. Villagorgin A and B. New type of indole alkaloids with acetylcholine antagonist activity from the gorgonian. Villagorgia rubra. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7773–7776. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, J.; Qi, S.H.; Zhang, S.; Li, Q.X. Chemical constituents from the south China sea gorgonian coral Subergorgia reticulate. J. Chin. Med. Mat. 2006, 29, 555–557. [Google Scholar]
- Li, T.; Liao, X.J.; Xu, S.H. Chemical constituents of gorgonian coral Paraplexaura sp. from south China sea. Chin. Pharm. J. 2010, 45, 420–422. [Google Scholar]
Supplementary Files
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Yang, X.; Zhou, S.-L.; Ma, A.-C.; Xu, H.-T.; Guan, H.-S.; Liu, H.-B. Chemical Profiles and Identification of Key Compound Caffeine in Marine-Derived Traditional Chinese Medicine Ostreae concha. Mar. Drugs 2012, 10, 1180-1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/md10051180
Yang X, Zhou S-L, Ma A-C, Xu H-T, Guan H-S, Liu H-B. Chemical Profiles and Identification of Key Compound Caffeine in Marine-Derived Traditional Chinese Medicine Ostreae concha. Marine Drugs. 2012; 10(5):1180-1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/md10051180
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xue, Shi-Lu Zhou, Ai-Cui Ma, Hai-Tao Xu, Hua-Shi Guan, and Hong-Bing Liu. 2012. "Chemical Profiles and Identification of Key Compound Caffeine in Marine-Derived Traditional Chinese Medicine Ostreae concha" Marine Drugs 10, no. 5: 1180-1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/md10051180