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Volume 25
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10.3390/s25144352
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

High-Power Coupled Wideband Low-Frequency Antenna Design for Enhanced Long-Range Loran-C Timing Synchronization

by
Jingqi Wu
1,†,
Xueyun Wang
2,†,
Juncheng Liu
2,
Chenyang Fan
1,
Chenxi Zhang
1,
Zilun Zeng
1,
Liwei Wang
1 and
Jianchun Xu
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Physical Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
2
Laboratory of Metrology and Calibration, Beijing 100876, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sensors 2025, 25(14), 4352; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144352
Submission received: 5 June 2025 / Revised: 7 July 2025 / Accepted: 10 July 2025 / Published: 11 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Precise timing synchronization remains a fundamental requirement for modern navigation and communication systems, where the miniaturization of Loran-C infrastructure presents both technical challenges and practical significance. Conventional miniaturized loop antennas cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of the Loran-C signal for both radiation intensity and bandwidth due to inherent quality factor (Q) limitations. A sub-cubic-meter impedance matching (IM) antenna is proposed, featuring a −20 dB bandwidth of 18 kHz and over 7-fold radiation enhancement. The proposed design leverages a planar-transformer-based impedance matching network to enable efficient 100 kHz operation in a compact form factor, while a resonant coil structure is adopted at the receiver side to enhance the system’s sensitivity. The miniaturized Loran-C timing system incorporating the IM antenna achieves an extended decoding range of >100 m with merely 100 W input power, exceeding conventional loop antennas limited to 30 m operation. This design successfully achieves overall miniaturization of the Loran-C timing system while breaking through the current transmission distance limitations of compact antennas, extending the effective transmission range to the hundred-meter scale. The design provides a case for developing compact yet high-performance Loran-C systems.
Keywords: miniaturization; timing system; radiation enhancement; broadband; long-distance communications miniaturization; timing system; radiation enhancement; broadband; long-distance communications

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, J.; Wang, X.; Liu, J.; Fan, C.; Zhang, C.; Zeng, Z.; Wang, L.; Xu, J. High-Power Coupled Wideband Low-Frequency Antenna Design for Enhanced Long-Range Loran-C Timing Synchronization. Sensors 2025, 25, 4352. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144352

AMA Style

Wu J, Wang X, Liu J, Fan C, Zhang C, Zeng Z, Wang L, Xu J. High-Power Coupled Wideband Low-Frequency Antenna Design for Enhanced Long-Range Loran-C Timing Synchronization. Sensors. 2025; 25(14):4352. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144352

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Jingqi, Xueyun Wang, Juncheng Liu, Chenyang Fan, Chenxi Zhang, Zilun Zeng, Liwei Wang, and Jianchun Xu. 2025. "High-Power Coupled Wideband Low-Frequency Antenna Design for Enhanced Long-Range Loran-C Timing Synchronization" Sensors 25, no. 14: 4352. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144352

APA Style

Wu, J., Wang, X., Liu, J., Fan, C., Zhang, C., Zeng, Z., Wang, L., & Xu, J. (2025). High-Power Coupled Wideband Low-Frequency Antenna Design for Enhanced Long-Range Loran-C Timing Synchronization. Sensors, 25(14), 4352. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144352

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