Validity, Test-Retest Reliability and Long-Term Stability of Magnetometer Free Inertial Sensor Based 3D Joint Kinematics
1
Junior Research Group wearHEALTH, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 48, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
2
Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 57, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2018, 18(7), 1980; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18071980
Received: 12 April 2018 / Revised: 4 June 2018 / Accepted: 7 June 2018 / Published: 21 June 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
The present study investigates an algorithm for the calculation of 3D joint angles based on inertial measurement units (IMUs), omitting magnetometer data. Validity, test-retest reliability, and long-term stability are evaluated in reference to an optical motion capture (OMC) system. Twenty-eight healthy subjects performed a 6 min walk test. Three-dimensional joint kinematics of the lower extremity was recorded simultaneously by means of seven IMUs and an OptiTrack OMC system. To evaluate the performance, the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean range of motion error (ROME), coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC), Bland-Altman (BA) analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. For all joints, the RMSE was lower than 2.40°, and the ROME was lower than 1.60°. The CMC revealed good to excellent waveform similarity. Reliability was moderate to excellent with ICC values of 0.52–0.99 for all joints. Error measures did not increase over time. When considering soft tissue artefacts, RMSE and ROME increased by an average of 2.2° ± 1.5° and 2.9° ± 1.7°. This study revealed an excellent correspondence of a magnetometer-free IMU system with an OMC system when excluding soft tissue artefacts.
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Keywords:
3D joint kinematics; drift; inertial sensor; soft tissue; test-retest reliability; validity
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MDPI and ACS Style
Teufl, W.; Miezal, M.; Taetz, B.; Fröhlich, M.; Bleser, G. Validity, Test-Retest Reliability and Long-Term Stability of Magnetometer Free Inertial Sensor Based 3D Joint Kinematics. Sensors 2018, 18, 1980.
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