The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Definition and Subtypes of CAPON
3. Roles of Different Structural Domains of CAPON
3.1. The PDZ-Binding Motif at the C-Terminus of CAPON Binds with nNOS and Regulates NO Production
3.2. The Carboxypeptidase (CPE)-Binding Region of CAPON Inhibits Neuronal Dendrite Growth
3.3. The N-Terminal PTB Structural Domain of CAPON Binds to a Variety of Bridging Proteins to Regulate Different Physiological Functions
4. CAPON and Human Diseases
4.1. CAPON Induces Cardiac Diseases by Regulating Ca2+ Channel
4.2. CAPON Induces Diabetes through Modulation of Ca2+-Related Signaling Pathways
4.3. CAPON Affects Neuronal and Dendritic Spine Development in Brain
4.4. CAPON Affects Tumor Growth
4.5. CAPON and Skeletal Muscle Disease
Disease Type | Symptoms of Disease | References |
---|---|---|
Heart disease | Congenital long QT syndrome | [21,32,82,87] |
Sudden cardiac death | [79,83,85] | |
Cardiac arrest | [79] | |
Diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | [90,91,92,93] |
Dendritic development of neurons in the brain | Acute brain injury | [27,97,98] |
Acute spinal cord injury | [99] | |
Neurodegenerative diseases | Alzheimer’s disease | [25,57] |
Huntington’s disease | [117,118] | |
Parkinson’s disease | [100] | |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | [101] | |
Major depressive disorder | [102,107] | |
Bipolar disorder | [102] | |
Anxiety disorders | [33,103,107] | |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | [104,105] | |
Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia | [40,110,111] |
Cerebrovascular disease | Ischemic stroke | [27,99] |
Skeletal muscle disease | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | [36,116] |
Cancer | Glioma | [67,112] |
Myeloma | [112,113] | |
Breast cancer | [67,114] |
5. CAPON and Disease Related to Genetic Association
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Akt | serine/threonine kinase |
BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
CaM | calmodulin |
cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
CAPON | carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase |
CAPON-L | long CAPON protein |
CAPON-S | short CAPON protein |
cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
CNS | central nervous system |
CPE | carboxypeptidase |
CREB | cAMP-response element binding protein |
eNOS | endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
iNOS | inducible-type nitric oxide synthase |
LQTS | long QT syndrome |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
NMDAR | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor |
nNOS | neuronal nitric oxide synthase |
nNOS | nitric oxide synthase |
NO | nitric oxide |
O2·- | superoxide ions |
PSD-95 | post-synaptic density protein 95 |
PTB | N-terminal phosphotyrosine |
PTSD | post-traumatic stress disorder |
SCD | sudden cardiac death |
SCRIB | scribble |
sGC | guanylate cyclase |
SNPs | single-nucleotide polymorphisms |
VANGL1 | van-like protein-1 |
YAP | yes-associated protein |
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Xie, W.; Xing, N.; Qu, J.; Liu, D.; Pang, Q. The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115808
Xie W, Xing N, Qu J, Liu D, Pang Q. The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(21):15808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115808
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Wenshuo, Nianhong Xing, Jicheng Qu, Dongwu Liu, and Qiuxiang Pang. 2023. "The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21: 15808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115808