High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. HMGA Genes: Structural Organization
3. miRNA Regulation of HMGA Transcripts
3.1. The lin28/let–7 Axis
3.2. hsa-miR–26a
3.3. hsa-miR–33b
3.4. hsa-miR–98
3.5. hsa-miR-16
3.6. hsa-miR-142-3p
4. HMGA1 and HMGA2: Common and Specific miRNAs
5. HMGA–Targeting miRNAs: Their Role in the Modulation of Other Relevant Pathways Involved in Cancer
6. HMGA–Related lncRNAs: Their Role as ceRNAs for HMGA-Targeting miRNAs
7. HMGA Post-Transcriptional Regulation: Is It Only a Matter of miRNA?
8. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA | Exp. | TargetScan (CWCS) | Reference | miRNA | Exp. | TargetScan (CWCS) | Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | A2 | A1 | A2 | A1 | A2 | A1 | A2 | ||||
let-7a-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [49,50,51,52] | 302-3p | −0.15 | ||||
let-7b-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [45,53,54,55,56,57] | 302a-5p | −0.03 | [58] | |||
let-7d-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [46,54,59,60,61] | 325-3p | −0.05 | ||||
let-7e-5p | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [45] | 326 | ✓ | −0.08 | [62] | |||
let-7 g-5p | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [46,54,63,64] | 329-3p | −0.23 | |||||
let-7c-5p | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [46,65,66,67] | 330-3p | ✓ | −0.09 | [68] | |||
let-7a-5p | ✓ | −0.49 | −2.67 | [44,46,49,50,69,70,71,72,73] | 330-5p | ✓ | [68] | ||||
let–7d–3p | ✓ | [74] | 331-3p | −0.17 | |||||||
let-7i-5p | ✓ | [75] | 337-3p | ✓ | [76] | ||||||
1-3p | −0.07 | 361-5p | −0.21 | ||||||||
7-5p | −0.08 | −0.08 | 362-3p | −0.23 | |||||||
9-5p | ✓ | −0.46 | [77,78] | 362-5p | −0.20 | ||||||
10a-3p | ✓ | [79] | 363-3p | ✓ | −0.15 | [80,81] | |||||
15a-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.42 | −0.55 | [50] | 365a-3p | ✓ | −0.26 | [82] | ||
16-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.42 | −0.55 | [50,83,84] | 367-3p | ✓ | −0.15 | [58] | ||
17-5p | −0.32 | 369-3p | −0.08 | ||||||||
20-5p | −0.32 | 372-3p | −0.15 | ||||||||
21-5p | ✓ | [79] | 373-3p | −0.15 | |||||||
22-3p | −0.20 | 376-3p | −0.2 | ||||||||
23b-3p | ✓ | −0.17 | [85,86] | 376c-3p | −0.44 | ||||||
25-3p | −0.15 | 379-5p | −0.27 | ||||||||
26a-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.60 | −0.63 | [50,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96] | 409-3p | −0.12 | ||||
28-3p | −0.18 | 410-3p | −0.06 | ||||||||
28-5p | −0.11 | 411-3p | −0.06 | ||||||||
32-5p | −0.15 | 411-5p.2 | −0.14 | ||||||||
33a-5p | ✓ | −0.64 | [97,98,99] | 412-5p | −0.34 | ||||||
33b-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.64 | [80,100,101,102,103,104] | 421 | −0.22 | |||||
34a-5p | ✓ | −0.18 | [105,106] | 424-5p | −0.42 | −0.55 | |||||
34b-3p | ✓ | ✓ | [62,106] | 432-5p | ✓ | [62] | |||||
92-3p | −0.15 | 449-5p | −0.18 | ||||||||
93-5p | −0.32 | 452-5p | −0.14 | ||||||||
98-5p | ✓ | –0.49 | −2.67 | [107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115] | 483-3p.1 | −0.06 | |||||
101-3p | ✓ | −0.11 | [116] | 485-5p | ✓ | [117] | |||||
103–3p | −0.47 | −0.32 | 486-5p | −0.05 | |||||||
106a-5p | ✓ | −0.32 | [118] | 488-3p | −0.18 | ||||||
107 | ✓ | −0.47 | −0.32 | [119] | 490-3p | ✓ | −0.24 | [120,121] | |||
124-3p | ✓ | −0.14 | [122] | 491-5p | ✓ | −0.24 | [123] | ||||
125b-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.05 | [124,125] | 493-3p | −0.14 | [126] | ||||
128-3p | −0.12 | −0.14 | 493-5p | −0.1 | |||||||
129-5p | −0.22 | 494-3p | −0.14 | ||||||||
132-3p | −0.32 | 495-3p | ✓ | −0.04 | [127,128] | ||||||
134-5p | −0.24 | 496.2 | −0.16 | ||||||||
136-5p | −0.11 | −0.16 | 497-5p | ✓ | −0.42 | −0.55 | [129] | ||||
137 | −0.42 | 500b-5p | −0.20 | ||||||||
138-5p | ✓ | −0.21 | [130] | 503-5p | ✓ | −0.22 | −0.31 | [131] | |||
140-3p.1 | −0.05 | 505-3p.2 | −0.03 | ||||||||
142-3p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.36 | −0.72 | [132,133,134] | 506-3p | −0.14 | ||||
142-5p | −0.13 | 519-3p | −0.32 | ||||||||
143-3p | −0.07 | 520-3p | −0.15 | ||||||||
145-3p | ✓ | [135] | 532-3p | −0.66 | |||||||
146b-5p | ✓ | [136] | 539-5p | ✓ | [137] | ||||||
148-3p | −0.22 | 541-3p | ✓ | [138] | |||||||
149-5p | −0.08 | 542-3p | −0.03 | ||||||||
150-5p | ✓ | −0.15 | [139,140,141] | 543 | ✓ | −0.16 | [142] | ||||
151-3p | −0.24 | 544a-5p | −0.08 | −0.22 | |||||||
152-3p | −0.22 | 548c-3p | ✓ | ✓ | [62] | ||||||
154-5p | ✓ | −0.31 | [143] | 570-3p | ✓ | [62] | |||||
181-5p | −0.11 | 485-5p | −0.61 | ||||||||
182-5p | −0.20 | 491-5p | −0.31 | ||||||||
185-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.38 | [144,145] | 582-5p | −0.04 | |||||
186-5p | ✓ | −0.13 | [146] | 599 | ✓ | [147] | |||||
190-5p | −0.34 | 625-5p | ✓ | [148] | |||||||
194-5p | −0.18 | 653-5p | −0.09 | ||||||||
195-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.42 | −0.55 | [129,149,150,151,152] | 655-3p | −0.15 | ||||
196a-5p | ✓ | ✓ | −0.42 | −0.90 | [50,153,154] | 663a | ✓ | [155] | |||
198 | ✓ | [156] | 664a-5p | ✓ | [157] | ||||||
199-5p | −0.01 | 665 | −0.37 | ||||||||
202-5p | −0.13 | 708-5p | −0.11 | ||||||||
204-3p | ✓ | [158] | 758-3p | ✓ | −0.06 | [159] | |||||
204-5p | ✓ | −0.44 | [160,161,162] | 760 | −0.49 | ||||||
206 | −0.07 | 765 | ✓ | [163] | |||||||
211-5p | ✓ | −0.44 | [164,165] | 873-5p.2 | −0.04 | ||||||
212-3p | −0.32 | 892-3p | −0.14 | ||||||||
214-3p | ✓ | [166,167] | 1224-5p | −0.01 | |||||||
217 | −0.26 | 1249-3p | ✓ | [168] | |||||||
219a-5p | ✓ | −0.13 | [169,170] | 1297 | ✓ | ✓ | [171,172] | ||||
221-3p | ✓ | [173] | 1298 | −0.04 | |||||||
296-3p | −0.19 | −0.15 | 3064-5p | −0.15 | |||||||
296-5p | ✓ | −1.48 | [174,175] | 4458 | ✓ | [176] | |||||
299-3p | −0.11 | 4500 | ✓ | [177] |
Name | Function | Role | Related Cancer | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
H19 | Enhances HMGA2-mediated EMT by sponging let-7; upregulates HMGA1 expression by sponging miR-138 | Oncogenic | Pancreas Colon cancer | [130,274] |
CCAT1 | Derepresses HMGA2 and c-Myc by acting as a molecular sponge for let-7 | Oncogenic | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [275] |
HMGA1P6 HMGA1P7 | Acts as a decoy for HMGA1-targeting miRNAs such as miR-15, miR-16, miR-214 and miR-761 | Oncogenic | Thyroid cancer Pituitary adenomas | [269,276] |
NEAT1 | Regulates the miR-211/HMGA2 axis | Oncogenic | Breast cancer | [164] |
HULC | Increases HMGA2 expression by sequestering miR-186 | Oncogenic | Liver cancer | [146] |
RPSAP52 | Enhances HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein expression in a ceRNA-dependent manner via miR-15a, miR-15b, and miR-16 | Oncogenic | Pituitary adenomas | [48] |
ANRIL | Improves cisplatin-sensitivity by regulating the let-7a-HMGA2 axis | Oncogenic | Ovarian cancer | [277] |
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Sgarra, R.; Pegoraro, S.; D’Angelo, D.; Ros, G.; Zanin, R.; Sgubin, M.; Petrosino, S.; Battista, S.; Manfioletti, G. High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030717
Sgarra R, Pegoraro S, D’Angelo D, Ros G, Zanin R, Sgubin M, Petrosino S, Battista S, Manfioletti G. High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(3):717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030717
Chicago/Turabian StyleSgarra, Riccardo, Silvia Pegoraro, Daniela D’Angelo, Gloria Ros, Rossella Zanin, Michela Sgubin, Sara Petrosino, Sabrina Battista, and Guidalberto Manfioletti. 2020. "High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3: 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030717