Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The “Seed and Soil” Crosstalk
1
Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
2
Department of Hematology and Onco-Hematology, Università degli Studi, 20100 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(15), 5438; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155438
Received: 2 July 2020 / Revised: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 / Published: 30 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases)
There is growing interest in the contribution of the marrow niche to the pathogenesis of bone marrow failure syndromes, i.e., aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that contribute to the organization and function of the hematopoietic niche through their repopulating and supporting abilities, as well as immunomodulatory properties. The latter are of great interest in MDSs and, particularly, AA, where an immune attack against hematopoietic stem cells is the key pathogenic player. We, therefore, conducted Medline research, including all available evidence from the last 10 years concerning the role of MSCs in these two diseases. The data presented show that MSCs display morphologic, functional, and genetic alterations in AA and MDSs and contribute to immune imbalance, ineffective hematopoiesis, and leukemic evolution. Importantly, adoptive MSC infusion from healthy donors can be exploited to heal the “sick” niche, with even better outcomes if cotransplanted with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Finally, future studies on MSCs and the whole microenvironment will further elucidate AA and MDS pathogenesis and possibly improve treatment.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
aplastic anemia; myelodysplastic syndromes; mesenchymal stem cells; bone marrow; microenvironment; hematopoietic stem cell transplant
▼
Show Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Fattizzo, B.; Giannotta, J.A.; Barcellini, W. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The “Seed and Soil” Crosstalk. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155438
AMA Style
Fattizzo B, Giannotta JA, Barcellini W. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The “Seed and Soil” Crosstalk. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(15):5438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155438
Chicago/Turabian StyleFattizzo, Bruno; Giannotta, Juri A.; Barcellini, Wilma. 2020. "Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The “Seed and Soil” Crosstalk" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, no. 15: 5438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155438
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Search more from Scilit