Metabolic Alterations in Spheroid-Cultured Hepatic Stellate Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. α-SMA Expression Decreases in Spheroid Culture
2.2. Gene Expression Analysis Results Demonstrate Changes in Metabolism
2.3. Glucose Metabolism Undergoes Changes with Upregulation of the Glutathione Pathway in Spheroid Culture
2.4. Lipid Synthesis Is Upregulated in Spheroid Culture
2.5. Addition of PEP Leads to Increased Spheroid Size
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells and Cell Culturing
4.2. Western Blot Analysis
4.3. Total RNA Isolation
4.4. SAGE
4.5. Metabolome Analysis
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
α-SMA | α-smooth muscle actin |
ANKRD1 | Ankyrin Repeat Domain 1 |
CYR61 | cysteine-rich protein 61 |
HSC | Hepatic stellate cell |
IPA | Ingenuity Pathway Analysis |
PPP | pentose phosphate pathway |
RPS6 | S6 ribosomal protein |
SAGE | serial analysis of gene expression |
YAP/TAZ | Yes-associated protein/ transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif |
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Fujisawa, K.; Takami, T.; Sasai, N.; Matsumoto, T.; Yamamoto, N.; Sakaida, I. Metabolic Alterations in Spheroid-Cultured Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103451
Fujisawa K, Takami T, Sasai N, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Sakaida I. Metabolic Alterations in Spheroid-Cultured Hepatic Stellate Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(10):3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103451
Chicago/Turabian StyleFujisawa, Koichi, Taro Takami, Nanami Sasai, Toshihiko Matsumoto, Naoki Yamamoto, and Isao Sakaida. 2020. "Metabolic Alterations in Spheroid-Cultured Hepatic Stellate Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10: 3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103451