Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Alone or in Combination with Citalopram Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in an Animal Model of Menopause: Participation of Estrogen Receptors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Antidepressant-Like Effect of the AE-PG, E2, and Citalopram
2.2. Participation of ER in the Antidepressant-Like Effect of AE-PG
2.3. Effect of the Simultaneous Administration of Suboptimal Doses of AE-PG plus Citalopram
2.4. Effects of Treatments on the General Activity Test
3. Discussion
3.1. Antidepressant-Like Action Induced by Chronic Treatment of AE-PG
3.2. Combined Treatment of AE-PG plus Citalopram
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Drugs
4.3. Ovariectomy
4.4. Forced Swimming Test (FST)
4.5. Behavioral Scoring
4.6. Activity Test
4.7. Statistics
4.8. Experimental Design
4.8.1. Experiment 1: Antidepressant-Like Effects of AE-PG, E2, and Citalopram
4.8.2. Experiment 2: Analysis of the Participation of ER in the Antidepressant-Like Effects of AE-PG
4.8.3. Experiment 3: Effect of the Simultaneous Administration of Suboptimal Doses of AE-PG Plus Citalopram
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Dose | n | Mean ± SEM | One Way ANOVA (F) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AE-PG | Saline | 8 | 54.667 ± 5.632 | F(4,37) = 0.869 | 0.491 |
0.1 mg/kg | 9 | 53.667 ± 5.370 | |||
1 mg/kg | 9 | 59.778 ± 7.579 | |||
10 mg/kg | 7 | 60.556 ± 3.775 | |||
100 mg/kg | 9 | 67.333 ± 6.298 | |||
17β-estradiol | Corn oil | 8 | 79.375 ± 1.711 | F(4,34) = 0.628 | 0.646 |
1.25 μg/rat | 8 | 77.750 ± 3.299 | |||
2.5 μg/rat | 8 | 74.375 ± 3.615 | |||
5 μg/rat | 8 | 75.125 ± 2.702 | |||
10 μg/rat | 7 | 79.714 ± 3.656 | |||
Citalopram | Saline | 10 | 77.500 ± 3.390 | F(4,42) = 8.197 | - |
2.5 mg/kg | 10 | 82.400 ± 2.864 | 0.618 | ||
5 mg/kg | 10 | 60.500 ± 2.051 | <0.05 | ||
10 mg/kg | 8 | 70.625 ± 2.179 | 0.376 | ||
20 mg/kg | 9 | 79.333 ± 4.444 | 0.982 |
Experiment | Treatment | n | Mean ± SEM | One Way ANOVA (F) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tmx + AE-PG | Corn oil + Saline | 6 | 74.000 ± 2.944 | F(3,23) = 0.644 | 0.594 |
Corn oil + AE-PG | 7 | 75.000 ± 0.093 | |||
Tmx + Saline | 7 | 78.143 ± 1.438 | |||
Tmx + AE-PG | 7 | 74.429 ± 2.608 | |||
AE-PG + Cit | Saline | 10 | 62.200 ± 6.277 | F(3,36) = 4.797 | 0.07 |
Saline + AE-PG | 10 | 57.400 ± 6.848 | |||
Saline + citalopram | 10 | 79.700 ± 2.745 | |||
AE-PG + citalopram | 10 | 78.200 ± 3.408 |
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Valdés-Sustaita, B.; López-Rubalcava, C.; González-Trujano, M.E.; García-Viguera, C.; Estrada-Camarena, E. Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Alone or in Combination with Citalopram Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in an Animal Model of Menopause: Participation of Estrogen Receptors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122643
Valdés-Sustaita B, López-Rubalcava C, González-Trujano ME, García-Viguera C, Estrada-Camarena E. Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Alone or in Combination with Citalopram Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in an Animal Model of Menopause: Participation of Estrogen Receptors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(12):2643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122643
Chicago/Turabian StyleValdés-Sustaita, Brenda, Carolina López-Rubalcava, María Eva González-Trujano, Cristina García-Viguera, and Erika Estrada-Camarena. 2017. "Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Alone or in Combination with Citalopram Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in an Animal Model of Menopause: Participation of Estrogen Receptors" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 12: 2643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122643