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Volume 30
Issue 23
10.3390/molecules30234635
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Rapid, Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Porous Organic Polymer for Highly Effective Removal of Trace Hg(II) from Water

by
Shucai Gao
1,
Libin Wan
1,2,*,
Fayun Wang
1,
Haidong Gao
1,
Fanghui Zhao
1,
Na Li
1,
Jingjing Yao
1,
Yeru Liu
1 and
Hongwei Liu
1
1
Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou 450003, China
2
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(23), 4635; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234635 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 31 October 2025 / Revised: 27 November 2025 / Accepted: 1 December 2025 / Published: 2 December 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Exposure to Hg2+-contaminated water poses severe risks to human health. Porous organic polymers (POPs) are known for removing heavy metals efficiently. However, the rapid and simple preparation of POP with efficient and selective adsorption capacities remains challenging. Herein, an effective strategy for the room-temperature preparation of TpPa-1 via a 1-step Schiff-base reaction of 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and p-phenylenediamine (Pa-1) using scandium(III) trifluromethanesulfonate as a catalyst is described. Various approaches were used to characterize TpPa-1, including SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, NMR, BET, and TG analysis. TpPa-1 was applied to adsorb trace Hg2+ from aqueous solution, and its adsorption performance was assessed through batch adsorption experiments. The results indicated that over 94% of 100 μg L−1 Hg2+ was removed within 90 min, with the isotherm and kinetics conforming to the Freundlich and the pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Combined with XPS analysis, the Hg2+ adsorption of TpPa-1 was primarily dominated by chelation, competitive, and electrostatic interactions between the carbonyl groups of TpPa-1 and Hg2+. Because of its benefits of facile synthesis, enhanced removal performance, good selectivity, and reusability, the prepared POP material has great potential for Hg2+ removal from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: covalent organic frameworks; room-temperature; trace level; mercury adsorption covalent organic frameworks; room-temperature; trace level; mercury adsorption

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gao, S.; Wan, L.; Wang, F.; Gao, H.; Zhao, F.; Li, N.; Yao, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, H. Rapid, Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Porous Organic Polymer for Highly Effective Removal of Trace Hg(II) from Water. Molecules 2025, 30, 4635. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234635

AMA Style

Gao S, Wan L, Wang F, Gao H, Zhao F, Li N, Yao J, Liu Y, Liu H. Rapid, Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Porous Organic Polymer for Highly Effective Removal of Trace Hg(II) from Water. Molecules. 2025; 30(23):4635. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234635

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao, Shucai, Libin Wan, Fayun Wang, Haidong Gao, Fanghui Zhao, Na Li, Jingjing Yao, Yeru Liu, and Hongwei Liu. 2025. "Rapid, Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Porous Organic Polymer for Highly Effective Removal of Trace Hg(II) from Water" Molecules 30, no. 23: 4635. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234635

APA Style

Gao, S., Wan, L., Wang, F., Gao, H., Zhao, F., Li, N., Yao, J., Liu, Y., & Liu, H. (2025). Rapid, Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Porous Organic Polymer for Highly Effective Removal of Trace Hg(II) from Water. Molecules, 30(23), 4635. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234635

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