Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Total Phenolics of Sugar Cane Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds by HPLC
2.2. UHPLC–QTOFMS Analysis
2.3. α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Assay Determination
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Sample Extraction
3.2. Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (Method A)
3.3. Solid-Phase Extraction (Method B)
3.4. Ethyl Acetate Extraction (Method C)
3.5. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis
3.6. UHPLC–QTOFMS Analysis
3.7. α-Amylase Inhibitory Assay
3.8. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Assay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Retention Time | Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (A) | Solid-Phase Extraction (B) | Ethyl Acetate Extraction (C) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LRS | BS | RS | LRS | BS | RS | LRS | BS | RS | ||
5-HMF | 5.858 | 14.76 | 6.9 | 5.54 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Syringic acid | 10.632 | ND | ND | ND | Trace | Trace | ND | Trace | Trace | ND |
Caffeic acid | 11.247 | 24.03 | 15.53 | 8.4 | ND | ND | ND | Trace | Trace | ND |
p-coumaric acid | 14.414 | 15.68 | 2.36 | 1.56 | 9.9 | 4.24 | ND | 18.63 | 10.61 | ND |
Ferulic acid | 15.135 | 3.25 | 17.4 | 6.7 | 1.26 | 0.24 | ND | 7.36 | 5.6 | ND |
TOTAL | 57.72 | 42.19 | 22.06 | 11.16 | 4.48 | 25.99 | 16.21 |
Compounds | RT(min) | [M-H]− | Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (A) | Solid-Phase Extraction (B) | Ethyl Acetate Extraction (C) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LRS | BS | RS | LRS | BS | RS | LRS | BS | RS | |||
Phenolic acids | |||||||||||
Syringic acid | 1.93 | 197 | * | * | * | * | * | - | * | * | - |
Caffeic acid | 2.07 | 179 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
p-coumaric acid | 20.76 | 163 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | - |
Ferulic acid | 21.49 | 193 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
Chlorogenic acid | 42.89 | 353 | * | * | * | * | * | * | - | - | - |
3,4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 11.13 | 153 | * | * | * | * | * | * | - | - | - |
Vanilic acid | 16.86 | 167 | * | * | * | * | * | * | - | - | - |
Flavonoids | |||||||||||
Tricin | 32.37 | 329 | - | - | - | * | * | - | - | - | - |
Apigenin | 22.90 | 269 | - | - | - | * | * | - | - | - | - |
Luteolin | 35.23 | 285 | - | - | - | * | * | - | - | - | - |
Vanillin | 15.53 | 151 | - | - | - | * | * | - | - | - | - |
Sample | Inhibition (%) α-Amylase | Inhibition (%) α-Glucosidase |
---|---|---|
LRS | 4.12 ± 0.70 a | 25.16 ± 0.80 c |
BS | 4.51 ± 0.26 b | 21.22 ± 0.51 d |
RS | No inhibition | No inhibition |
Acarbose (IC50) | 0.40 ± 0.21 µg/mL | 2.25 ± 0.63 µg/mL |
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Azlan, A.; Sultana, S.; Mahmod, I.I. Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Total Phenolics of Sugar Cane Products. Molecules 2023, 28, 4403. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114403
Azlan A, Sultana S, Mahmod II. Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Total Phenolics of Sugar Cane Products. Molecules. 2023; 28(11):4403. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114403
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzlan, Azrina, Sharmin Sultana, and Ilya Iryani Mahmod. 2023. "Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Total Phenolics of Sugar Cane Products" Molecules 28, no. 11: 4403. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114403