A Comparison of Different Approaches to Quantify Nitric Oxide Release from NO-Releasing Materials in Relevant Biological Media
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. NO Adsorption Capacity of Different Porous Materials
2.2. Oxyhaemoglobin Assay
2.3. Griess Assay
2.4. NO Electrochemical Sensor
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. NO-Releasing Porous Materials and Their Synthesis
3.2. Nitric Oxide Adsorption/Desorption Isotherms
3.3. NO Loading
3.4. Nitric Oxide Release Quantification in Liquid Phase
3.4.1. Oxyhaemoglobin Assay
3.4.2. Griess Assay
3.4.3. Electrochemical Sensor
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
Method | Sensitivity | NO Quantification Periods | Preferred Range for NO Quantification | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxyhaemoglobin assay | 1.3–2.8 nM [40] | Several hours 1 | up to 4 µM | Inexpensive; does not require specialized equipment; | Indirect; restricted to oxyhaemoglobin solutions; local measurements are not possible |
Griess assay | 0.5 µM [14] | Days | 0.5 to 100 µM | Rapid and inexpensive; measures NO in a variety of biological fluids; available in ready-to-use kits | indirect; poor sensitivity; located measurements are not possible |
Electrochemical sensor | 0.3–10 nM [15] | Minutes 2 | 30 nM to 1 µM 3 | Direct; real-time quantification; Measures NO in a variety of biological fluids; portable; located measurements are possible | Requires constant calibration; membrane has short life span; sensitive to tip position |
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V. Pinto, R.; Antunes, F.; Pires, J.; Silva-Herdade, A.; Pinto, M.L. A Comparison of Different Approaches to Quantify Nitric Oxide Release from NO-Releasing Materials in Relevant Biological Media. Molecules 2020, 25, 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112580
V. Pinto R, Antunes F, Pires J, Silva-Herdade A, Pinto ML. A Comparison of Different Approaches to Quantify Nitric Oxide Release from NO-Releasing Materials in Relevant Biological Media. Molecules. 2020; 25(11):2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112580
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Pinto, Rosana, Fernando Antunes, João Pires, Ana Silva-Herdade, and Moisés L. Pinto. 2020. "A Comparison of Different Approaches to Quantify Nitric Oxide Release from NO-Releasing Materials in Relevant Biological Media" Molecules 25, no. 11: 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112580