Cannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Role of Cannabinoids in Inflammation and Pain
3. Current Drug Dosage Forms and Novel Delivery Systems
3.1. Oral Route
3.2. Administration through Mucosa
3.3. Pulmonary Administration
3.4. Topical and Transdermal Route
3.5. Nano-Technological Approaches
3.5.1. Lipid Carriers
3.5.2. Polymeric Carriers
4. Critical Overview of Clinical Studies
5. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Administration Route | Name | Drug | Delivery System/ Dosage Form | Disease | Application | Development Stage | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oral | Dronabinol | THC | Solid | HIV, chemotherapy | Anorexia, nausea | Market | [56] |
Oral | Nabilone | THC analogue | Solid | Chemotherapy, chronic pain | Nausea, pain | Market | [59,60] |
Oral | Epidiolex | CBD | Liquid | Lennox-Gastaud and Dravet syndromes | Epilepsy | Market | [62,63,64] |
Oral | CBD | Solid | Crohn’s disease, GVHD | Clinical trials | [66] | ||
Oral | THC | SEDDS | Improving dissolution, stability | Preclinical | [69,70,71] | ||
Oral | THC-glycosides | Prodrugs | Drug-resistant inflammatory bowel disease | Inflammation | Clinical trials | [72,73] | |
Oromucosal | Nabiximols | THC CBD 1:1 | Spray | Multiple sclerosis | Spasticity | Market | [75,78] |
Oromucosal | Cancer | Pain | Clinical trials | [77] | |||
Oromucosal | CBD | Powder | Formulation study | [79] | |||
Oromucosal | THC CBD 1:1 | Chewing-gum | Several potential diseases | Pain, spasticity, dementia etc. | Preclinical | [80] | |
Intranasal | CBD | Liquid formulations | Bioavailability study | Preclinical | [82] | ||
Pulmonary | CBD | Solid/liquid | Formulation study | [86] | |||
Pulmonary | Powder metered-dose inhaler | Bioavailability study | Clinical trials | [87] | |||
Transdermal | Phytocannabinoids | Induced dermatitis | Inflammation | Preclinical | [92] | ||
Transdermal | CBD | Gel | Arthritis | Inflammation | Preclinical | [93] | |
Transdermal | CBD | Ethosomes | Oedema | Inflammation | Preclinical | [95] | |
Transdermal | CBD | Gel | Epilepsy, osteoarthritis, fragile-X syndrome | Clinical trials | [96,97,98] | ||
Transdermal | CBD | Oil, spray, cream | Epidermiolysis bullosa | Pain, blistering | Clinical treatment | [100] | |
Transdermal | CBD | Patch | Formulation study | [112] | |||
Transdermal | CBD + hyaluronic acid | Gel | Pain, wound management | Formulation study | [105] | ||
Transdermal | CBD+ argan oil | Rheumatic diseases | Inflammation | Formulation study | [107] | ||
Transdermal | CBD+boswellic acid | Inflammation | Formulation study | [108] | |||
Topical ocular | THC analogue | Prodrugs | Glaucoma | Reduce intraocular pressure | Formulation study | [111] |
Type | Constituents | Drug | Size (nm) | Encapsulation Efficiency | Application | Development Stage | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipid-based | liposomes | DPPC, cholesterol | THC | 300–500 | 0.3 mg/mL | i.v. | Pharmacokinetics | [117] |
micelles | PC, PE plus phospholipids | Terpenes, hemp oil | n.d. | Stability evaluations | [118] | |||
micelles | Polyethoxylated castor oil, glycerol | Cannabis oil | 100 | n.d. | oromucosal | Clinical trials | [119,120] | |
NCL | tristearin/tricaprylin 2:1 | Cannabinoids | 100 | high | Formulation study | [122] | ||
NCL | Cetyl palmitate or glyceryl dibehenate | THC | 200 | n.d. | nasal | Preclinical studies | [123] | |
NCL | Glyceryl dibehenate or glyceryl palmitostearate | CB-13 | 120 | 99% | oral | Preclinical studies | [125] | |
PNL | PTL401 | THC CBD 1:1 | <50 | 99% | oral | Preclinical studies | [130] | |
PNL | PTL401 | Plus piperine | <50 | 99% | oral | Clinical trials | [131,132] | |
Nanoemulsions | rectal/vaginal | n.d. | [133] | |||||
Polymeric-based | PLGA | plus coating agents | CB-13 | 253–344 | 85% | oral | Preclinical studies | [137] |
PLGA | plus coating agents | THC | 290–800 | 96% | oral | Preclinical studies | [138] | |
PCL | CBD | 2000–5000 | 100% | locoregional | Preclinical studies | [139] |
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Share and Cite
Bruni, N.; Della Pepa, C.; Oliaro-Bosso, S.; Pessione, E.; Gastaldi, D.; Dosio, F. Cannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment. Molecules 2018, 23, 2478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102478
Bruni N, Della Pepa C, Oliaro-Bosso S, Pessione E, Gastaldi D, Dosio F. Cannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment. Molecules. 2018; 23(10):2478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102478
Chicago/Turabian StyleBruni, Natascia, Carlo Della Pepa, Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso, Enrica Pessione, Daniela Gastaldi, and Franco Dosio. 2018. "Cannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment" Molecules 23, no. 10: 2478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102478