Search Results (94)

This study investigates the use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and steel slag (SS) as partial replacements for cement and natural river sand in concrete, with the objective of identifying replacement levels that maintain structural performance while reducing the consumption of conventional materials. An experimental program was conducted to evaluate the unit weight, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength of concrete containing SCBA and SS in individual and combined replacement systems. The results showed that the incorporation of SCBA reduced concrete density, whereas SS increased unit weight due to its higher specific gravity. At 28 days, compressive strength ranged from 13.09 to 38.10 MPa, while splitting tensile strength varied between 1.81 and 4.74 MPa, depending on the replacement level and combination of materials. Among the investigated mixtures, the concrete containing 15% SCBA and 50% SS exhibited the most favourable overall performance, achieving the target compressive strength of 25 MPa required for structural applications while maintaining acceptable tensile strength. In contrast, higher replacement levels resulted in strength reductions attributed to cement dilution, increased porosity, and the delayed pozzolanic reactivity of SCBA. Overall, the findings demonstrate that appropriately proportioned SCBA and SS can be successfully incorporated into concrete without compromising structural performance. The optimal mixture provides an effective balance between mechanical performance and the utilization of alternative raw materials, highlighting the potential of these industrial by-products to support more sustainable concrete production. Full article

Agricultural biomass ashes are increasingly used as sustainable supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to reduce cement-related carbon emissions and improve concrete performance. However, their effects on compressive strength depend on the SCM type, replacement level, and physical and chemical properties. These variables are often overlooked in machine learning studies focused on single SCM types and absolute strength prediction, limiting transferability across heterogeneous SCM datasets. This study develops an interpretable machine learning framework using a compiled dataset covering 18 agricultural biomass ash SCMs (bio-SCMs) used in concrete. Input features include concrete mixture proportions, the SCM replacement level, chemical composition, and specific surface area (SSA), while the target variable is the 28-day compressive-strength ratio relative to the companion control mixture. Among the five evaluated models, XGBoost achieved the best performance, with weighted 10-fold cross-validation R² values around 0.80. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) results were interpreted as model associations rather than causal mechanisms. Higher SCM SiO₂ content, pozzolanic oxide content, superplasticizer dosage, and baseline control mixture strength were associated with more favorable strength ratios; SCM SSA showed a mild positive tendency, whereas a higher SCM replacement level, water-to-binder ratio, and loss on ignition were associated with less favorable strength ratios. SCM-specific response analysis further identified literature-derived screening ranges based on observed and interpolated replacement levels rather than machine learning extrapolation. Full article

Tetracycline (TC) contamination in reservoirs poses environmental and human health risks, particularly antibiotic resistance in ecosystems. Bagasse fly ash (BFA), a by-product from the sugarcane processing industry, has gained attention as an environmentally friendly adsorbent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of TC adsorption using batch experiments to evaluate the effects of various factors. For example, pH value ranged from 4 to 10, contact time varied between 0 and 90 min, adsorbent doses were noted as 0.5–2.5 g per 50 mL, the initial concentrations of TC were 10–40 mg/L, and the temperature ranged from 293.15 to 318.15 K. To perform surface characterization of BFA, we employed the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Based on the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface area analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller; BET), its structure and chemical properties are favorable for TC adsorption. Our results demonstrate that the optimal conditions for adsorption were at pH 7.0 and 60 min contact time. The adsorption capacity tended to increase with the initial concentrations of TC and reached a maximum of 0.58 mg/g when the initial concentration was 40 mg/L. Our kinetic analysis results demonstrate that the pseudo-second-order model exhibited the best fit with the experimental data (R² = 0.95638); in comparison, the results of the isotherm behavior study using the Temkin model (R² = 0.97338) indicated the complex adsorption pathway on the BFA surface. Full article

The valorization of agro-industrial byproducts through pyrolysis represents a sustainable route for generating multifunctional raw materials within the framework of a circular bioeconomy. In this study, rice husk (RH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were pyrolyzed in a semi-continuous reactor at 500 °C in order to compare product yields and to characterize resulting gas, aqueous and tar fractions. SCB produced the highest bio-oil yield (44.2 wt%), whereas RH generated the highest char yield (42.9 wt%), consistent with its higher ash and lignin contents. In both cases, tar represented about 12 wt% of the bio-oil. Detailed characterization revealed that the liquid products contained oxygenated compounds of interest, mainly carboxylic acids, ketones, and phenols. Acetic acid was the predominant compound in the aqueous phases, while tars were composed mainly of phenols, ketones, furans, and acids. Particularly, phenols accounted for 52.6% and 37.8% of the total chromatographic area in RH and SCB tars, respectively, whereas ketones represented about 10% in both cases. These results show that pyrolysis of agro-industrial residues not only enables energy recovery but also provides liquid fractions enriched in value-added chemicals. Full article

Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) has been widely studied as a partial supplementary cementitious material; nonetheless, its hydration behavior and performance when combined with nanoscale modifiers remain insufficiently understood. The aim of this study is to assess the pozzolanic potential of SCBA, the hydration behavior of binary SCBA–cement composites and the mechanical performance of ternary mortars with silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs). SCBA reactivity was confirmed by a Chapelle index of ~300 mg Ca(OH)₂/g, while hydration development in binary pastes (5–20 wt% SCBA) was quantified using TG/dTG and semi-quantitative XRD. Low SCBA replacement levels (5–10 wt%) enhanced the hydration degree by up to ~12% at 28 days compared with the reference paste. Ternary mortars incorporating 5 wt% SCBA and Si-NPs exhibited significant strength gains, with the optimal blend (2.5 wt% Si-NPs) achieving a 42% increase in 28-day compressive strength relative to the reference mortar. A sustainability assessment showed concurrent reductions in clinker intensity and CO₂ intensity of approximately 33% and 32%, respectively. These findings support the sustainable and technical viability of combining agro-industrial waste and nanotechnology as complementary strategies for reducing clinker content while enhancing eco-efficiency in alternative cementitious composites. Full article

Foam concrete is well-appreciated for its thermal and acoustic benefits and is prepared by introducing foam into cement slurry/mortar. The current research examines the feasibility of Quarry Micro Fines (QMF), a waste generated from the quarries during sand manufacturing, as a substitute for fine aggregate in the preparation of foam concrete. During the preparation of concrete, a portion of cement is replaced with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), while polypropylene (PP) fibers are added to improve the shrinkage resistance and tensile strength of the resulting concrete. A three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken Design (BBD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the compressive strength of foam concrete, considering QMF (0%, 50%, 100%) by weight of fine aggregate, SCBA (0%, 10%, 20%) by weight of cement, and PP fiber (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) by volume of foam concrete as variables. The three mixtures, including control (FC), mix with 50% QMF, 10% SCBA, and 0.4% PP fiber (F50S10F0.4), and mix with 100% QMF, 10% SCBA, and 0.4% PP fiber (F100S10F0.4), were chosen for a more in-depth investigation based on the test results. While Q50S10F0.4 achieved the highest compressive strength (6.18 MPa), Q100S10F0.4 showed the best overall performance, with low water absorption of 14.10%, porosity of 20.17%, UPV 2388 m/s, and RCPT values of 1407.96 Coulombs. The modified mixtures exhibited enhanced bonding and pore enhancement as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses. The study highlights the effective use of QMF, SCBA, and PP fibers in producing high-performance, sustainable foam concrete. Full article

The use of recycled materials and locally sourced alternative binders in 3D concrete printing (3DCP) has significant potential to reduce carbon emissions in concrete construction. This study examines the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a byproducts from the sugarcane industry, as a sustainable binder in 3DCP. SCBA was oven-dried at 105 °C, sieved to 250 µm, and used to replace up to 25% of the total binder by weight in a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) blended system. The impact of polypropylene (PP) and steel (ST) microfibres on SCBA-based mixes was also investigated. The fresh properties of the mortar were evaluated using the flow table, Vicat needle, shape retention, buildability, and rheometer tests. The mortar was 3D printed using a small-scale robotic setup with a RAM extruder. Mechanical properties were then tested, including compressive and flexural strengths, and interlayer bonding, along with microstructure analysis. The results showed that increasing the SCBA content led to greater slump and improved flowability, as well as a slower rate of static yield stress development, with up to a 90 percent reduction compared to the control mix. The addition of PP fibres doubled the static yield stress in the mixes containing 20 percent SCBA. The 10 percent SCBA mix achieved the highest mechanical strength, both in compression and flexure, due to its denser microstructure and enhanced pozzolanic reaction. Full article

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a major byproduct of the sugar industry produced in millions of tons annually, is traditionally burned for energy but holds untapped potential for sustainable valorization amid global shifts toward renewable resources and reduced fossil fuel reliance. This review synthesizes recent advancements in SCB applications beyond energy, emphasizing bioenergy, bioplastics, construction materials, and agriculture to advance circular economy principles—addressing a gap in the existing literature by providing a holistic, comparative analysis of processing technologies, including their efficiency, costs, and scalability, which prior reviews have overlooked. Drawing from scientific literature, industry reports, case studies, and datasets, we evaluate SCB’s composition (40–50% cellulose, 25–30% hemicellulose, 20–25% lignin) and processing methods (e.g., pretreatment, hydrolysis, gasification, pyrolysis). Key findings highlight versatile applications: bioethanol production yielding 40–70% GHG reductions per life cycle assessments; pulp/paper substitution reducing water and chemical use; nanocellulose composites for automotive and medical sectors; particleboard and ash-cement in construction cutting deforestation and carbon footprints by ~20%; and biochar/processed feed enhancing crop yields by 25% while amending soil. Unlike previous reviews focused on isolated applications, this work integrates environmental, economic, and regulatory insights, identifying challenges like standardization gaps and proposing pathways for commercialization to drive scalable, green industry transitions. Continued research and policy support are essential for realizing SCB’s role in sustainable development. Full article

The present study explores novel alternatives for the exploitation of sugarcane bagasse ash by obtaining and modifying SiO₂ nanoparticles through a green synthesis method. The hydrophilic nature of the nanoparticles was modified using oleic acid. The nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, FESEM, and DLS, and their performance in the stabilization of Pickering emulsions was also studied. FESEM micrographs of the nanoparticles revealed an irregular and agglomerated structure. EDS confirmed that their main components are oxygen and silicon, and ATR-FTIR spectra demonstrated that oleic acid effectively modified the nanoparticles. Subsequently, O/W Pickering emulsions were fabricated by combining rotor–stator homogenization and probe ultra-sonication, using dodecane and liquid paraffin as model oil phases and SiO₂ NPs as stabilizers. Static light scattering measurements showed that the emulsions exhibited polydispersity, while photographic monitoring confirmed that their physical stability was affected by the concentrations of oleic acid and nanoparticles: concentrations of up to 20.0 wt% and 1.0 wt%, respectively, produced emulsions that remained stable for 7 to 15 days. This study identifies the behavior and challenges associated with novel pathways for the valorization of sugarcane bagasse ash. The stabilization of Pickering emulsions using the obtained SiO₂ NPs highlights their potential in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications. Full article

This study investigates the mechanical and durability performance of sustainable concrete using stone dust (SD) and ground sugarcane bagasse ash (GSCBA) to partially replace natural sand and cement, respectively. The experimental program was conducted with concrete containing 0–40 wt% GSCBA and 100% SD were prepared and tested. The results showed that full replacement of natural sand with SD did not significantly affect compressive strength. Concrete containing 10% GSCBA and 100% SD (10GSCBA) exhibited comparable compressive strength to the control concrete (CON) up to 90 days. However, the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture decreased slightly with increasing GSCBA content, indicating a close correlation with compressive strength. The mix containing 40% GSCBA and 100% SD (40GSCBA) achieved a compressive strength of 42.6 MPa at 90 days, representing 91% of the CON, with acceptable durability performance. These findings demonstrate that the combined utilization of SD and GSCBA offers an innovative and eco-efficient solution for concrete production, contributing to reduced cement consumption, lower production costs, and minimized carbon emissions without necessarily affecting mechanical strength or the long-term viability of the system. Full article

Concrete is the second most consumed material after water, with cement as its primary binder. However, cement production accounts for nearly 7% of global CO₂ emissions, posing a major sustainability challenge. This review critically evaluates 35 agricultural biomass ashes (ABAs) as potential supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for partial cement replacement, focusing on their effects on concrete strength and durability and highlighting performance gaps. Using a systematic methodology, rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), and wheat straw ash (WSA) were identified as the most promising ABAs, enhancing strength and durability—including resistance to chloride ingress, sulfate attack, acid exposure, alkali–silica reaction, and drying shrinkage—while maintaining acceptable workability. Optimal replacement levels are recommended at 30% for RHA and 20% for SCBA and WSA, balancing performance and sustainability. These findings indicate that ABAs are viable, scalable SCMs for low-carbon concrete, promoting greener construction and contributing to global climate mitigation. Full article

The growing concern with carbon dioxide emissions from the cement industry has driven the search for alternative binders with lower environmental impact. Among these, alkali-activated cements (AACs) stand out due to their ability to produce cementitious matrices from aluminosilicate precursors and alkaline activators. However, comparisons between One-Part and Two-Part systems remain limited. This study evaluated the technical feasibility of producing AAC using sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as precursor, carbide lime (CL) as calcium source, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as activator. Different parameters were tested, including NaOH molarities (1.0–2.5 M), SCBA/CL ratios (9.00–1.50), curing times (3, 7, and 28 days), and preparation methods. Mortars were produced at constant water/solid ratio of 1.40 and cured at room temperature (23 °C). Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and leaching tests were performed, along with statistical analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. ACC synthesized by the Two-Part method (2.0 M NaOH, SCBA:CL 70:30) reached an UCS of 1.60 MPa at 28 days, compared to 1.39 MPa for the One-Part method. Curing time was identified as the most significant factor, followed by SCBA/CL ratio and activator molarity, while preparation method had minimal effect. The material developed alkali-activated gels, and leaching tests indicated no toxicity, although Ba concentrations exceeded regulatory limits for water quality. Potential applications include mine tailings stabilization, soil improvement, shallow foundations, and urban furniture production. Full article

Premature deterioration of concrete structures in coastal areas requires a careful evaluation based on durability criteria. Electrical Resistivity (ER) serves as a valuable indicator of concrete durability, as it reflects how easily aggressive agents can penetrate its pores. This testing method offers several advantages; it is non-destructive, rapid, and more cost-effective than the chloride permeability test (RCPT). Furthermore, durable concrete typically necessitates larger quantities of cement, which contradicts the goals of sustainable concrete development. Thus, a significant challenge is to create concrete that is both durable and sustainable. This research explores the effects of pozzolanic additives, specifically Volcanic Ash (VA) and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), on the electrical resistivity of eco-friendly concretes exposed to the coastal conditions of the Gulf of Mexico. The electrical resistivity (ER) was measured at intervals of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 56, 90, and 180 days across 180 cylinders, each with dimensions of 10 cm × 20 cm. The sustainability of the concrete was evaluated based on its energy efficiency. Three types of mixtures were developed using the ACI 211.1 method, maintaining a water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.57 with CPC 30 R RS cement and incorporating various additions: (1) varying percentages of VA (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%), (2) SCBA at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and (3) ternary mixtures featuring VA-SCBA ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The findings indicated an increase in ER of up to 37% and a reduction in CO₂ emissions ranging from 4.2% to 16.8% when compared to the control mixture, highlighting its potential for application in structures situated in aggressive environments. Full article

Natural supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) with pozzolanic qualities, such as rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), are a promising alternative to the currently used SCMs that are becoming increasingly unavailable. This work presents a comprehensive comparative examination of their impact on mortar properties when OPC was partially replaced by RHA and SCBA. The percentage substitution of OPC with ashes was 0, 5, 10, and 15%. The air content, consistency, compressive strength, flexural strength, and shrinkage of the mortar were investigated primarily. Microstructural characteristics were analysed using porosimetry, MIP, and SEM photography. According to the study, up to 10% replacement of OPC with RHA or 15% with SCBA has the potential to be used as a partial cement substitute while maintaining good mechanical qualities. Mortars with up to 15% SCBA exhibited no significant change in compressive strength after 28 days or a decrease with <11%, while for 10% RHA, there was no difference in compressive strength or increase. Use of 5% RHA decreased shrinkage by 35%, while addition of 5% SCBA by 30%. Obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of SCMs in masonry mortars. Full article

Polymeric biocomposites are emerging as a new generation of eco-friendly and cost-effective materials that provide sustainable alternatives for the polymer industry while supporting environmental conservation. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) compounds blended with natural rubber (NR) and reinforced with silanized Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), chemically modified with bis(3 triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT). Blends were formulated in LDPE/NR-SCBA weight ratios (wt%) of 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50, and processed at mixing speeds of 40 and 80 rpm to evaluate their potential as thermoplastic additives. Mechanical testing showed that blends mixed at 80 rpm achieved an 86% increase in elongation, while those processed at 40 rpm demonstrated a 78% enhancement in tensile strength. The incorporation of NR and vulcanizing systems markedly improved the overall mechanical properties of the composites. These biocomposites present promise for applications in the footwear industry (especially for soles) and for ergonomic molded components by conferring the advantageous combination of mechanical performance and esthetic appeal. Furthermore, development supports innovative manufacturing processes and contributes to reducing the industry`s carbon footprints, mitigating its negative impact on the planet. Full article