Optimising the combustion process in compression ignition (CI) engines is of interest in current research as a potential means to reduce fuel consumption and emission levels. Combustion optimisation can be achieved as a result of understanding the re...
The scientific literature focusing on the numerical simulation of fuel sprays is rich in atomization and secondary break-up models. However, it is well known that the predictive capability of even the most diffused models is affected by the combinati...
Cutting edge experiments and thorough investigations have pointed out that radial components affect the needle lift of diesel nozzles. So far, the effects of such needle “off-axis” have been investigated within the nozzle and immediately downstream f...
In pneumatic atomizers, the shaping air holes play an important role in the spraying system. The pressure and intersection of shaping air holes are the two most important parameters in engineering. In this paper, the Euler–Lagrangian method is...
This study aimed to investigate the influence of flash-boiling conditions on liquid propane sprays formed by a multi-hole injector at various injection pressures. The focus was on spray structures, which were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively...
Residual stresses have been a major source of concern, as they are an inevitable consequence of manufacturing and fabrication processes. The magnitude of these stresses is often as high as, or at least, comparable to the yield strength of the materia...
We reported the comparative studies of the optimization of solution-processable tungsten trioxide (WO3) as a hole transporting layer (HTL) in inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) using spin coating, slot-die coating, and spray coating technologies f...
The operation of injection apparatus in self-ignition engines results from the design, manufacturing technology and wear and tear during operation. The technical state of the injector apparatus significantly affects the engine performance, fuel consu...
This work presents an exhaustive parametric study of the multi-scale residual stress analysis on arbitrary substrate geometry based on a one-way-coupled thermo-mechanical model in an Atmospheric Plasma Spray process. It was carried out by modifying k...
Owing to the light weight and high energy, the “All-aluminum engine” can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, showing a great significance in saving resources and protecting the environment, and becoming a research hotspot. Ho...
Cold spraying is a promising method for rapid prototyping due to its high deposition efficiency and high-quality bonding characteristic. However, many researchers have noticed that holes cannot be replenished and will grow larger and larger once form...
This study focuses on the hole transport layer of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) for inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs), which were fabricated using a combination of a spray coating and low-temperature annealing process as an...
Surface foam spraying technologies, employing natural infiltration processes, have recently been suggested to not disturb or mix contaminated soils. However, effective delivery of reactive remedial agents to the bottom area of a contaminated region u...
This research studies the macroscopic spray structure from a single-hole common rail diesel injector using gasoline-blended 5% biodiesel for use in compression ignition engines. To reduce the NOX/PM trade-off emissions, researchers are investigating...
In this study, we explored the potential of exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as innovative spray-coated hole transport layers (HTLs) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), addressing the need for efficient and stable materials in solar ce...
This work reports on the properties of heterojunctions consisting of n-type Ga2O3 layers, deposited using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at high temperature from water-based solution, combined with p-type NiO and Cu2O counterparts, deposited by radio fre...
Double perovskite Cs2SnI6 and its doping products (with SnI2, SnF2 or organic lithium salts added) have been utilized as p-type hole transport materials for perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells in many pieces of research, where the mechanism for...
The physical and chemical properties of methanol differ significantly from those of conventional diesel, and its injection strategy plays a critical role in engine performance. In this study, a three-dimensional simulation model of a methanol–d...
This paper aims to study the influence of the structure of spray holes and throats on the flow field and the internal trajectory of the gas–steam ejection device. The compressible Navier–Stokes equations, discrete ordinate methods and RNG...
During certain operating conditions in spark-ignited direct injection engines (GDI), the injected fuel will be superheated and begin to rapidly vaporize. Fast vaporization can be beneficial for fuel–oxidizer mixing and subsequent combustion, but it p...
This research was conducted with the goal of clarifying the required conditions of water-saving showerheads. In order to this, the research analyzes the mutual relationship between water usage flow, the level of satisfaction and the physical properti...
Copper and its alloys are widely used in marine environments due to their excellent corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. Cold spray technology can avoid the thermal damage to the underlying material and is suitable for the manufacturing and...
In this study, polyurea was experimentally tested under various spraying temperatures and pressures. The number of holes and the pore size produced after the tensile fracture of the polyurea were counted to illustrate the effect of the various sprayi...
The Conventional Laser Absorption Scattering (C-LAS) technique is used to measure the mixture concentration and visualize the vapor phase. The former is determined by the attenuation of visible and ultraviolet light whereas the latter is achieved via...
To meet the requirements of trellis grape crop root irrigation, spraying pesticides on branches and leaves, an integrated sprinkler was designed, which relies on the flow pressure to change the irrigation water and spray pesticide working modes. The...
Bio-curtain (i.e., curtain) is a permeable cover equipped with a spraying system for ammonia (NH3) control in a swine facility. Previous studies investigated the NH3 reduction effects primarily based on concentration units. It is challenging to deter...
The atomization of liquid spray solutions through nozzles is a mechanism for delivering many pesticides to the target. The smallest drop sizes (<150 μm) are known as driftable fines and have a propensity for wind-induced convection. Many agricu...
The ultrasonic-assisted spray dryer, also known as a nano spray dryer and predominantly used on a lab scale in the pharmaceutical and food industries, enables the production of nanometer-sized particles. In this study, the nano spray dryer was applie...
In this study, the optimum spraying performance of a pressurized vortex atomizer using water as the working fluid was investigated experimentally by modifying the geometry of auxiliary air holes via the Taguchi method. The experimental results were a...
The use of pergola trellis crops has led to a need for irrigation and the spraying of pesticides. Thus, a new integrated micro-nozzle was designed to provide water and pesticides. The structural parameters that affect the irrigation performance were...
In the context of global efforts to pursue carbon neutrality, the research on the application technology of methanol fuel in internal combustion engines has ushered in a new peak. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of direct...
This study investigates the mechanical properties of aluminium 2024 (Al-2024) and aluminium 7075 (Al-7075) cold-sprayed materials and coatings for repairs. It aims to determine the acceptable data needed to meet regulatory requirement when substantia...
Liquid fertilizers are mainly applied by spraying liquid fertilizer on the surface of crop leaves and by deep openings between rows. The first causes considerable environmental pollution, and the second can easily cause to damage the root system of c...
Spray painting robots equipped with air spray guns have been widely used in the painting industry. In view of the low efficiency of single-nozzle air spray guns when spraying large targets, a new double-nozzle air spray gun structure was designed in...
This article presents the results of research on the impact of changing the cross-section of an atomizer’s flow channel, which is caused by changing the flow geometry of the passive part of the needle on the drop diameter distribution of the fu...
The H2 internal combustion engine (ICE) is a key technology for complete decarbonization of the transport sector. To match or exceed the power density of conventional combustion engines, H2 direct injection (DI) is essential. Therefore, new injector...
The spray characteristics of liquid ammonia under various ambient pressures and temperatures were analyzed in a constant volume chamber to cover a wide range of superheat degrees. The injection pressure was set as 70 and 80 MPa with ambient pressure...
Engine efficiency and emissions depend on the fuel atomization and dispersion. The fuel atomization and dispersion depend heavily on the ambient pressure and temperature. In this work, to study Diesel sprays in engine conditions, an electrically heat...
The geometry of an orifice is a major determinant of nozzle internal flow and cavitation, which directly govern spray atomization and consequently affect combustion and fuel economy in internal combustion engines. In this study, simulation models of...
The circular-hole rotating core fog nozzle has excellent atomization performance and has been widely used in the realm of spray dust. As part of this study, a mathematical model was developed for predicting the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of nozzles o...
In some pumped storage stations, water spray from the air hole occurs during load rejection. In order to avoid this phenomenon, it is necessary to study the change of the air hole water level during the transient process of the power station. A trans...
The aim of the present paper is to assess the bearing performance evolution of pinned, glass-composite laminates due to environmental aging in salt-spray fog tests. Glass fibers/epoxy pinned laminates were exposed for up to 60 days in salt-spraying,...
This article adopts an orthogonal experimental design method to establish a four-factor three-level experimental group by varying the structural parameters at the nozzle outlet, including the number of orifices, orifice diameter, distribution circle...
Comparative experimental studies of fuel sprays evolution dynamics in a constant volume chamber were carried out with a view to reduce the uneven distribution of diesel fuel in the combustion chamber when the Common Rail injector is inclined. The fue...
In underground coal gasification (UCG), it is essential for UCG production to accurately control the temperature of the gas produced at the wellhead of the production well and correctly calculate the variation law of the temperature field in the whol...
This work aims to study the influence of the spraying parameters on the spray flow field and coating thickness distribution during the air spraying process. The shaping air pressure and the target geometry have an important influence on the distribut...
The double-layer diverging combustion chamber (DLDC chamber) aims to improve the fuel–air mixing formation and promote in-cylinder air utilization by changing fuel spray spreading characteristics. In order to investigate how the DLDC chamber pr...
High pressure injection systems have essential roles in realizing highly controllable fuel injections in internal combustion engines. The primary atomization processes in the near field of the spray, and even inside the injector, determine the subseq...
A closed-cycle, three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis campaign was conducted to evaluate the performance of using spark plugs to assist gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion during cold idle operations. A convent...
Due to their hardness and low tool wear, tungsten carbides are widely used in industrial applications, such as spray nozzles, wire drawing dies and spinning nozzles. However, there is no conventional machining process that is capable of fabricating m...
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