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Future Perspectives of Internal Combustion Engines of High Efficiency: Analysis, Modeling and Control Strategies and Application of Sustainable Fuels

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2025 | Viewed by 3842

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: energy management; numerical simulation; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; combustion; fuel injection systems; computational fluid dynamics; compressible fluid flows; fluid power systems; cavitation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The more pronounced energy consumption caused by the rapid growth of the world economy is creating many energy challenges. According to the British Petroleum's global energy outlook, even in the context of electrification, oil will continue to hold the largest share of the energy structure (31.2%) throughout the 2020s. Oil is projected to account for the significant contribution of transportation energy consumption by 2050, and its demand for highway traffic will remain important. In this scenario, new engine technologies to enhance engine efficiency and that are capable of meeting the increasingly stringent future emission policy for transportation, that is moving towards the zero-carbon target, are urgent.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect and disseminate the efforts of select researchers regarding analysis, modeling, and control strategies and the application of sustainable fuels in internal combustion engines.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Strategies for monitoring and control injection and combustion events;
  • Real-time and off-line modeling;
  • Application of sustainable fuels;
  • Combustion performance of green fuels and their blends;
  • Spray technologies;
  • Numerical and experimental analysis;
  • Innovative techniques for emissions reduction;
  • Advanced approaches to improve engine efficiency.

Dr. Oscar Vento
Prof. Dr. Alessandro Ferrari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • internal combustion engines
  • injection systems
  • combustion
  • ammonia
  • hydrogen
  • combustion control
  • combustion modeling
  • innovative control strategy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 6338 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Internal Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of GDI Injectors for Different Nozzle Orifice Geometries
by Chaoqun Hu, Zhijun Wu, Alessandro Ferrari, Meng Ji, Jun Deng and Oscar Vento
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4114; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164114 - 19 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1306
Abstract
The geometry of an orifice is a major determinant of nozzle internal flow and cavitation, which directly govern spray atomization and consequently affect combustion and fuel economy in internal combustion engines. In this study, simulation models of the nozzle at different angles between [...] Read more.
The geometry of an orifice is a major determinant of nozzle internal flow and cavitation, which directly govern spray atomization and consequently affect combustion and fuel economy in internal combustion engines. In this study, simulation models of the nozzle at different angles between the normal and the injection hole inlet cross-section and the injection hole axis, as well as with different injection hole cone angles (a positive angle between the injection hole axis and its walls implies a divergent hole), were investigated by means of a previously developed numerical model that was validated based on experimental data from X-ray image technology. The results indicate that as the angle between the normal and the injection hole inlet cross-section and the injection hole axis increases, the cavitation asymmetry within the injection hole intensifies, accompanied by a decrease in the gas volume fraction. On one side of the injection hole, the hydraulic flip width expands, while, on the other side of the injection hole, the flow state gradually changes from hydraulic flip to super-cavitation flow, transitional cavitation and fully reattached flow. The divergent orifice layout intensifies cavitation, and the higher the positive injection hole cone angle, the bigger the hydraulic flip width. The convergent layout of the injection hole suppresses cavitation, and cavitation inside the nozzle disappears completely when the injection hole cone angle is less than −10°. Full article
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13 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
Simulation Analysis of a Methanol Fueled Marine Engine for the Ship Decarbonization Assessment
by Marco Altosole, Flavio Balsamo, Ugo Campora, Ernesto Fasano and Filippo Scamardella
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2498; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112498 - 23 May 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1923
Abstract
Methanol as marine fuel represents one of the most cost-effective and practical solutions towards low-carbon shipping. Methanol fueled internal combustion engines have a high level of technological readiness and are already available on the market; however, technical data in terms of fuel consumption [...] Read more.
Methanol as marine fuel represents one of the most cost-effective and practical solutions towards low-carbon shipping. Methanol fueled internal combustion engines have a high level of technological readiness and are already available on the market; however, technical data in terms of fuel consumption and emissions are not yet easily accessible. For this reason, the present study deals with the simulation of a virtual spark-ignition methanol engine, carried out in a Matlab-Simulink© R2023a environment to assess the CO2 emissions in several working conditions of a possible ship power system. The thermodynamic model of the methanol fueled engine is derived from a marine gas engine simulator, already validated by the authors in a previous work. This article presents the relevant modifications necessary to adapt the engine to the methanol fuel mode with regard to the different fuel characteristics. The simulation analysis compares the results of the virtual methanol engine with available data from a similar, existing gas engine, highlighting the differences in efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions. Full article
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