Search Results (976)

This study investigated the distribution patterns of zooplankton species composition and functional groups, their correlations with aquatic environmental factors, and the mechanisms underlying community stability under the influence of regional barriers in arid areas of Xinjiang, China. The aim was to elucidate the ecological processes driving zooplankton communities in artificial aquatic ecosystems in Central Asia. A systematic survey was conducted on water environmental parameters and zooplankton community structures across 10 artificial water bodies, including the southern foot of the Altai Mountains and both northern and southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains. The survey encompassed physical and nutrient indicators, and the results revealed significant spatial variation among water bodies across regions. Artificial water bodies in the southern Altai Mountains and northern Tianshan Mountains exhibited substantial fluctuations in temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). In contrast, water bodies in the southern Tianshan Mountains showed less variation in nutrient indicators. Zooplankton identification results indicated marked differences in zooplankton communities across regions, which were further confirmed by cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). A total of 19 dominant zooplankton species were identified across the three basins, classified into 6 functional groups. The composition of zooplankton functional groups also varied considerably, which may be closely associated with significant fluctuations in nutrient indicators of aquatic environmental factors across regional barriers. Additionally, there were specific differences in zooplankton diversity among the three basins: the SA region ranged from α-mesosaprobic to polysaprobic and β-mesosaprobic; the NT region was classified as β-mesosaprobic; and the ST region ranged between β-mesosaprobic and lightly polluted. These results may be attributed to differences in regional barriers and glacial meltwater conditions. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that environmental factors collectively explained 71.1% of the variation in species distribution. Exploring the zooplankton species composition and their relationships with aquatic environmental factors under different regional barriers provides a scientific basis for regional water resource management and environmental protection. Full article

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a sophisticated construction material known for its exceptional strength and durability. Conventional UHPC generally self-consolidates, which makes it unsuitable for roof and bridge deck rehabilitation applications due to its thin layers and inclined surfaces. UHPC overlay construction generally requires a highly thixotropic material that responds well to vibration and remains stable on slopes. Despite the complex rheological properties of thixotropic UHPC, there are limited testing methods for effectively assessing the workability of overlay mixes. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the workability of overlay UHPC using existing and newly developed tests. Besides the commonly used static and dynamic flow tests, this study introduces Patting Response (PR) and Vibration-Slope Stability (VSS) tests, designed to evaluate different qualities of UHPC overlay mixtures. Seven groups of mixtures with varying binder content, water-to-binder ratio (w/b), fiber reinforcement, and admixture dosages were prepared and tested. A lab-scale sloped slab was constructed to validate the buildability of the most promising mixtures. These tests and mixtures support effective overlay solutions for roof slab and bridge deck repairs, providing protection against infrastructure deterioration and improving overall performance by introducing a dense, durable UHPC overlay. Results indicate that mixtures with static flow below 6 in. and dynamic flow between 7 and 8 in. consistently passed both PR and VSS tests, demonstrating stable vibration response and slope retention. The constructability evaluation confirmed the effectiveness of the new testing methods. Additionally, the correlation between different tests, particularly flow and VSS, was examined. Recommendations for appropriate ranges for various workability tests were established based on the performance of the developed mixtures. The proposed static and dynamic flow ranges are performance-based and are expected to be broadly applicable to thixotropic UHPC overlay systems exhibiting comparable workability and rheological behavior under vibration and sloped placement conditions. Overall, these tests and thixotropic UHPC mixtures facilitate effective repair of roof slabs and bridge decks, providing overlay protection against deterioration and potentially enhancing structural capacity through composite behavior. Full article

Background/Objectives: Bail-out stenting remains a procedural challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed with drug-coated balloons (DCBs). No dedicated bedside tool is currently available to predict this event. We aimed to develop and internally validate a bedside Bail-Out Risk Score. Methods: We analyzed patients treated with DCBs between 2021 and 2025. Predictors of bailout stenting were identified through univariate analysis, and variables with p < 0.10 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Regression coefficients were then transformed into integer points using the Sullivan method. Model performance was evaluated by AUC-ROC, calibration, and bootstrap internal validation (B = 1000). Results: A total of 352 patients (399 de novo lesions) were treated with DCB-only PCI. Bail-out stenting occurred in 14.5% of lesions (58/399). Independent predictors of bail-out stenting were prior CABG (OR 4.29, p = 0.002), proximal lesion location (OR 2.99, p = 0.003), and diffuse disease (OR 2.18, p = 0.018). Prior PCI (OR 0.44, p = 0.009) and lipid-lowering therapy (OR 0.42, p = 0.029) were protective, while LAD involvement showed a non-significant trend (OR 1.57, p = 0.137). The model demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC = 0.734; optimism-corrected AUC = 0.704) and excellent calibration (intercept = 0.000, slope = 1.000). The final score (range −4 to +8) stratified lesions into low (≤−1), intermediate (0–3), and high (≥3) risk groups, with progressively higher predicted probabilities (≤9%, 13–37%, and ≥49%). Conclusions: The Bail-Out Risk Score provides a practical and reliable bedside tool to estimate procedural risk during stentless PCI. Full article

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) effectively relieves pain in end-stage osteoarthritis, yet a proportion of patients remain dissatisfied despite advances in surgical technique. Medial-congruent (MC) bearings are designed to recreate native medial-pivot kinematics, which depend on appropriate medial compartment soft tissue tension. Robotic-assisted TKA (RA-TKA) has been shown to improve the accuracy and soft tissue balance. However, evidence of its additional benefits in MC TKA remains limited. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive primary TKAs with the same MC bearing performed between April 2022 and June 2024 at a tertiary center. After performing 1:1 propensity score matching to reduce baseline imbalance, 36 patients who received RA-TKA and 36 who underwent manual TKA (M-TKA) were included. Primary outcomes were evaluated with the 12-month Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and KOOS-JR. Secondary outcomes included radiographic alignment parameters, outlier rates, operative time, liner thickness, and hospital stay. Results: Baseline characteristics and liner thickness were comparable, and operative time was longer in the RA-TKA group than in the M-TKA group. Both RA-TKA and M-TKA produced significant 12-month improvements in OKS and KOOS-JR with no difference in mean scores. RA-TKA had fewer posterior tibial slope outliers (mean slope 4.3° ± 1.8 vs. 5.9° ± 3.1; outlier rate 16.7% vs. 41.7%; p = 0.02), whereas coronal alignment parameters did not differ between groups. Conclusions: RA-TKA with MC bearing provides functional outcomes comparable to M-TKA and may decrease sagittal alignment variability; long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine whether this potential benefit translates into sustained functional gains or improved implant survivorship. Full article

Background: Cenobamate (CNB) is an anti-seizure medication (ASM) approved for the treatment of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Notwithstanding significant proof of efficacy, real-world pharmacokinetics (PK) data are lacking, particularly regarding sex-based variations and the effect of concomitant ASMs. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the PK profile of CNB in responder adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy and assess potential relationship with concomitant ASMs and clinical variables. Methods: We enrolled 17 patients receiving add-on CNB. The concentration-to-dose ratio (C/D), incremental slope (ΔC/ΔD), and dose-to-concentration AUC were calculated. Enrolled individuals were stratified into three exposure clusters (low, medium, and high). Univariate ANOVA was used to explore associations between PK parameters, clinical variables and concomitant ASMs. Results: Sex appeared to be associated with AUC cluster classification (p = 0.026), showing females predominating in the high-exposure group. A nonlinear dose-concentration relationship emerged from the ΔC/ΔD analysis, showing steeper slopes at low doses (12.5–50 mg), great variability at higher doses (100–200 mg), and a negative slope in some individuals. Higher CNB concentrations were observed in patients co-treated with lacosamide, while concomitant topiramate was associated with lower exposure. Carbamazepine and valproate showed non-significant trends consistent with their known enzyme-inducing and inhibiting properties. Conclusions: PK of CNB appears highly variable and seems to be influenced by sex and concomitant ASMs. These findings highlight the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized titration strategies to optimize efficacy and safety in clinical practice. These results should be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating due to the small and monocentric sample size and need to be confirmed in larger, multicenter cohorts. Full article

Background/Objectives: In all types of diabetes, elevated blood glucose levels cause pathological changes in skeletal muscle, primarily due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regular exercise can help mitigate these effects; however, the underlying mechanisms, particularly those involving the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on oxidative stress and the expression of mPTP components in the skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Healthy Sedentary (H-SED), Diabetic Sedentary (D-SED), and Diabetic Exercise-trained (D-EXER); n = 6 per group. The D-EXER group performed AET (0° slope) 5 days/week for 8 weeks. After the intervention period, body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured, and soleus muscles were collected and analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, Western blotting, and gene expression using qRT-PCR. Results: Following an 8-week intervention, AET reduced FBG concentrations. Accordingly, in the soleus muscles of the D-EXER group, ROS levels decreased, and redox balance was improved compared to the D-SED group. Exercise training reduced CypD and Casp9 mRNA expression and increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression, whereas Ant1 mRNA expression was only slightly altered. CypD protein expression was decreased in exercised diabetic rats, while VDAC1 protein and mRNA levels remained unchanged. In the D-EXER group, there were significant inverse correlations between CypD and Casp9 mRNA expression levels and glutathione redox state. Conclusions: The current study suggests that 8 weeks of AET, in addition to reducing hyperglycemia, may favorably influence oxidative balance and the expression of mPTP-related molecular components in diabetic skeletal muscle. Full article

With the increasing frequency of maritime activities, large-scale man overboard incidents raise higher demands on maritime search and rescue (SAR) decision-making. Most existing drift models are designed for single-person-overboard situations and have limited ability to model multiple-persons-in-water (MPIW) scenarios. To address this gap, this study proposes a drift trajectory prediction method for MPIW based on full-scale field experiments in the Xisha Sea, South China Sea. In December 2023, six drift experiments were carried out, providing 57 h of tracking data under typical conditions with wind speeds from 0.17 to 7.77 m/s and surface current speeds from 0.06 to 0.96 m/s. Two basic MPIW scenarios were considered, side-by-side connection and random connection, and four MPIW drift models were built for upright 3-person (UP_3), upright 5-person (UP_5), upright–facedown–upright (U-F-U) and facedown 2-person (FD_2). The corresponding wind-induced drift coefficients were estimated. The stochastic variability of the crosswind leeway (CWL), including sign-change frequency and the probability of positive CWL, was systematically analyzed. For unconstrained regressions, the downwind leeway slope coefficients range from −2.96% to −12.61%, while CWL slope coefficients range from 1.01% to 2.78%, depending on group configuration. Monte Carlo simulations were then used to compare different model groups. In typical test cases, the proposed MPIW models reduce the normalized cumulative error for 11 h trajectory prediction from 0.18–0.23 to 0.08–0.17, indicating a clear improvement in the accuracy of search area delineation for group drowning scenarios. The results provide a useful reference for MPIW drift prediction and SAR decision-making in similar offshore and deep-water environments. Full article

Shiqian County, located within a key geothermal fluids belt in Guizhou Province, China, has abundant underground hot water resources. Therefore, elucidating the hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of thermal mineral water in this area is essential for evaluating and sustainably utilizing regional geothermal fluids. This study focuses on the Shiqian Hot Spring Group and employs integrated analytical techniques, including rock geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry, isotope hydrology, digital elevation model (DEM) data analysis, remote sensing interpretation, geological surveys, mineral saturation index calculations, and PHREEQC-based inverse hydrogeochemical modeling, to elucidate its hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms. The results show that strontium concentrations range from 0.06 to 7.17 mg/L (average 1.65 mg/L) and metasilicic acid concentrations range from 19.46 to 65.51 mg/L (average 33.64 mg/L). Most samples meet the national standards for natural mineral water and are classified as Sr-metasilicic acid type. Isotope analysis indicates that the geothermal water is recharged by meteoric precipitation at elevations between 911 m and 1833 m, mainly from carbonate outcrops and fracture zones on the southwestern slope of Fanjingshan, and discharges south of Shiqian County. The dominant hydrochemical types are HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg and HCO₃-Ca·Mg. Strontium is primarily derived from carbonate rocks and celestite-bearing evaporites, whereas metasilicic acid mainly originates from quartz dissolution along the upstream groundwater flow path. PHREEQC-based inverse modeling indicates that, during localized thermal mineral water runoff in the middle-lower reaches or discharge areas, calcite dissolves while dolomite and quartz tend to precipitate, reflecting calcite dissolution-dominated water–rock interactions and near-saturation conditions for some minerals at late runoff stages. Full article

Background: The current biomarker classification system does not fully explain the increased prevalence of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular risk factors for AD—such as diabetes and hypertension--among African Americans (AAs) compared to White participants. Research on cognitive aging has traditionally focused on how declines in cortical and hippocampal regions influence cognition. However, tau pathology emerges decades before amyloid pathology, initially appearing in the brainstem, particularly in the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary source of the brain’s norepinephrine (NE). Further, postmortem studies suggest that the loss of LC neurons is a better predictor of AD symptom severity than amyloid-beta/neurofibrillary tangle pathology in any other brain region. Methods: Our decade-long studies in humans using a norepinephrine transporter (NET)-selective radiotracer ([¹¹C]MRB) have demonstrated that LC is uniquely vulnerable to aging and stress. In this retrospective study, regression slopes with age (RSAs) for regional NET availability were compared across groups and tested for statistical significance. Results: In our primary analysis, higher NET availability was observed in AAs (N = 14; 7 males aged 23–49), particularly at younger ages, as compared to White (N = 16; 11 males aged 24–55) participants. Our preliminary data also suggest that the rate of decline in NET availability is faster in AAs, with a potential trend toward a more pronounced effect in AA males as compared to White males (e.g., in the left thalamus, RSA was −3.03%/year [95%CI: −5.80% to 1.19%] for AA males vs. RSA = −0.14 for White males [95%CI: −0.79% to 0.47%]. Additionally, in the right anterior cingulate cortex, RSA was −3.4%/year [95%CI: −4.6% to −1.4%] for AA males, compared to RSA = 0.3%/year [95%CI: 0.04% to 1.03%] for White males). Conclusions: This report reveals that NET availability (measured with [¹¹C]MRB) can serve as a biomarker to index the function of the LC-NE system and that the fast-decline rate of NET in AAs implicates a potential molecular mechanism underlying health disparities observed in the disproportionate AD prevalence. Full article

Background/Objective: The anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) technique, which preserves spinal mobility and avoids possible fusion problems in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients, continues to be increasingly used in spine surgery. The study aims to report the early-to-early-mid postoperative radiological results of thoracolumbar/lumbar AVBT on sagittal alignment, and the second aim is to compare AVBT with selective thoracic fusion (STF) and non-selective fusion (NSF) groups in AIS patients. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of AIS were retrospectively evaluated in the study. All patients were categorized into three groups based on the surgical technique performed: AVBT (n = 17), NSF (n = 19), and STF (n = 15). The major curvature degree, coracoid height difference (CHD), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), cervical lordosis (CL), C7 tilt, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), and T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI) were measured for radiological comparison. Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used at the final follow-up for functional evaluation. Results: The T1SPI value of the NSF group was significantly higher than the STF group in the final follow-up (p = 0.033). The mean decrease of 8.85 ± 7.85 units in the final follow-up value compared to the postoperative CHD value of the patients in the AVBT group was found to be significant (p = 0.028). Statistically significant differences were found between preoperative and the first postoperative CL and TPA measurements (p = 0.001 and p = 0.042, respectively), as well as between preoperative and final follow-up CL measurements in the AVBT group (p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in CHD, SS, PT, PI, LL, TK, CL, C7 tilt, SVA, and TPA values (p > 0.05); similarly, the SRS-22 and ODI scores did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracolumbar/lumbar AVBT surgery led to significant improvements in shoulder asymmetry and cervical lordosis of AIS patients in the early to early-mid postoperative period. However, compared with spinal fusion techniques, thoracolumbar/lumbar AVBT did not demonstrate superiority in functional scores or sagittal parameters. The mid- to long-term benefits of thoracolumbar/lumbar AVBT remain uncertain and require further investigation. Full article

The Balaton region is Hungary’s most important recreational area, known for Central Europe’s largest freshwater lake and its traditional vineyard and horticultural landscapes. Since 1990, vineyard and orchard abandonment and intensified shoreline urbanization have increasingly threatened both landscape character and ecological balance. This study analyses land-use changes in the Balaton hinterland and evaluates the effectiveness of regional land-use regulation between 1990 and 2018, with a focus on the 2000 Balaton Law (BKÜRT), which sought to preserve traditional land uses by permitting construction only where at least 80% of vineyard parcels remained cultivated. Spatial–temporal analysis was based on CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data from 1990 to 2018, supplemented by change layers from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. The CORINE Land Cover classification is a three-level hierarchical system (5 Level-1 groups, 15 Level-2 classes, and 44 Level-3 classes) developed by the EEA to provide standardized, satellite-based land cover information across Europe. Land cover was aggregated into major categories (using Level-1 and Level-2 classes) relevant to the Hungarian landscape. To address CLC limitations related to representing vineyards as relatively homogeneous units despite substantial differences in the density and scale of built structures, detailed case studies were conducted in three C1 vineyard zones—Alsóörs, Paloznak, and Szentantalfa—using historical aerial photographs, Google Earth imagery, and the Hungarian Ecosystem Map (NÖSZTÉP). Despite the restrictive regulatory framework, the CLC database showed that the share of vineyards in the vineyard regulation zone (C-1, C-2) decreased between 1990 and 2018 from 45.4% to 35.8% (the share of gardens and fruit plantations had changed from 9.7% to 15.5%). In the whole Balaton region, there was an approximately 18% decline in vineyard areas. Considering the M-2 horticultural zone, the garden coverage increased from 18.9% in 1990 (17.7% in 2000) to 30.5% (share of vineyards changed from 54.3% (54.6% in 2000) to 38.8%). At the regional level, gardens and fruit plantations had a smaller decrease (3.2%). Although overall trends were more favorable than at the national level, regulatory measures proved insufficient to prevent the conversion of vineyards and orchards in sensitive areas, particularly on slopes overlooking the lake, in proximity to tourist hubs, and in areas exposed to strong development pressure. By 2018, the C1 zone had expanded spatially but became less targeted, as the proportion of vineyards within it decreased. Boundary refinements failed to substantially improve regulatory precision or effectiveness. The case studies reveal a gradient of regulatory strictness reflecting differing landscape protection priorities and stages of vineyard transformation, with Alsóörs responding to long-standing, partly irreversible changes while attempting to slow further landscape alteration. To counter ongoing negative trends, more targeted and enforceable regulations are required, including a clearer separation of cultivated and recreational land uses, a maximum building size of 80 m² for recreational properties, and a reassessment of vineyard zone boundaries to better reflect active cultivation and protect sensitive landscapes. Full article

The scour protection performance of the conical structure under different slope angles, α, was investigated through numerical simulations. By solving the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations, using the Renormalization Group (RNG) k–ε turbulence model and the Meyer-Peter and Müller (MPM) sediment transport formula, the scour protection performance, undermining process, and the flow field around the devices were fully analyzed at different slope angles. The findings indicate that the conical scour protection provides effective protection against scour damage. As the slope angle increases, greater scour depth is observed around the structure. A critical slope angle was identified between 30° and 40°, slope angle effects are obvious below the threshold; otherwise, it minimized. Undermining is the main cause of failure of such stiff scour protection, mainly driven by flow contraction and sand sliding. Upstream undermining beneath the structure is more pronounced, while the downstream undermining is largely related to the near-bed flow separation point. The critical undermining point (CUP) is proposed based on the undermining curve to distinguish the undermining state, which is critical in scour protection and structural stability. Full article

The Sumaco volcano in Ecuador, which has a distinct geological origin from the Andes and is located in the Amazon basin, offers an opportunity to study untouched microbiomes. We explored comparative patterns of abundance from predicted functional profiling in soil samples collected along the elevation and sulfur gradients on its slopes. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we inferred metagenome functional profiles, contrasting sample groups by altitude or soil sulfur concentration. We inferred that high-altitude communities may have higher predicted abundance for anaerobic metabolism (crotonate fermentation), coenzyme B12 synthesis, and degradation of diverse carbon sources (sugars and octane). High-sulfur soils were associated with an inferred enrichment of pathways for degrading complex organic compounds and nitrogen metabolism, reflecting adaptation to unique geochemical conditions. In contrast, low-sulfur soils are consistent with a higher predicted abundance of glycerol degradation. Within the limitation imposed by the potential weak associations of the applied predicted functional profiling to actual gene content, we propose that the inferred metabolic changes represent different ecological strategies for resource acquisition, energy generation, and stress tolerance, and they are optimized for varying conditions in this unique volcanic ecosystem. Our findings highlight how environmental gradients shape soil microbiome functional diversity and offer insights into microbial adaptation in Sumaco’s exceptional geochemistry within the Amazon. Further efforts linking functional predictions back to specific taxa will offer a complete ecological perspective of the microbiome exploration in the Sumaco volcano. Full article

The intrinsic limitations of Ti₃C₂T_x electrodes, specifically low interfacial charge-transfer efficiency and structural degradation in strongly acidic environments, hinder their performance in high-rate aqueous supercapacitors. Herein, we report a synergistic strategy combining nitrogen plasma surface engineering with a redox-active ascorbic acid electrolyte to optimize the electrode/electrolyte interfacial kinetics. By systematic investigation, the Ti₃C₂T_x supercapacitor obtained by a 10-min plasma duration (N10P-AA) achieved the optimal balance between activating surface sites and preserving the conductive Ti–C framework integrity. The ascorbic acid electrolyte broadened the potential window to approximately 0.7 V, and N10P-AA exhibited the lowest charge-transfer impedance and superior rate capability, retaining a relatively high Coulombic efficiency (>72%) even at a high scan rate of 10,000 mV·s⁻¹. The EIS results and kinetics analysis (b values) confirmed that the moderate plasma activation effectively promoted more surface-dominated charge storage kinetics and mitigated diffusion limitation, consistent with reduced charge-transfer resistance and a smaller Warburg slope. The XPS results revealed that the 10-min treatment suppressed detrimental oxidation during cyclings and facilitated the formation of electrochemically favorable hydroxylated surface functional groups. This work demonstrates a feasible surface electrolyte co-engineering strategy for modulating the interfacial behavior of MXene, which is of great significance for future high-efficiency aqueous electrochemical energy storage and potential biosensing applications. Full article

Surface crack detection and temporal evolution analysis are fundamental tasks in remote sensing and photogrammetry, providing critical information for slope stability assessment, infrastructure safety inspection, and long-term geohazard monitoring. However, current unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based crack detection pipelines typically treat spatial detection and temporal change analysis as separate processes, leading to weak geometric consistency across time and limiting the interpretability of crack evolution patterns. To overcome these limitations, we propose the Longitudinal Crack Fitting Network (LCFNet), a unified and physically interpretable framework that achieves, for the first time, integrated time-series crack detection and evolution analysis from UAV remote sensing imagery. At its core, the Longitudinal Crack Fitting Convolution (LCFConv) integrates Fourier-series decomposition with affine Lie group convolution, enabling anisotropic feature representation that preserves equivariance to translation, rotation, and scale. This design effectively captures the elongated and oscillatory morphology of surface cracks while suppressing background interference under complex aerial viewpoints. Beyond detection, a Lie-group-based Temporal Crack Change Detection (LTCCD) module is introduced to perform geometrically consistent matching between bi-temporal UAV images, guided by a partial differential equation (PDE) formulation that models the continuous propagation of surface fractures, providing a bridge between discrete perception and physical dynamics. Extensive experiments on the constructed UAV-Filiform Crack Dataset (10,588 remote sensing images) demonstrate that LCFNet surpasses advanced detection frameworks such as You only look once v12 (YOLOv12), RT-DETR, and RS-Mamba, achieving superior performance (mAP_50:95 = 75.3%, F1 = 85.5%, and CDR = 85.6%) while maintaining real-time inference speed (88.9 FPS). Field deployment on a UAV–IoT monitoring platform further confirms the robustness of LCFNet in multi-temporal remote sensing applications, accurately identifying newly formed and extended cracks under varying illumination and terrain conditions. This work establishes the first end-to-end paradigm that unifies spatial crack detection and temporal evolution modeling in UAV remote sensing, bridging discrete deep learning inference with continuous physical dynamics. The proposed LCFNet provides both algorithmic robustness and physical interpretability, offering a new foundation for intelligent remote sensing-based structural health assessment and high-precision photogrammetric monitoring. Full article