Search Results (2,113)

Weather change, as a physical risk factor of climate change, increasingly impacts the energy market. This paper investigates China’s major energy futures using a QVAR framework to analyze spillover effects under different market conditions, addressing mean-model limitations. It also reveals state-dependent weather impacts on spillovers, providing physical climate risk evidence. The results show the following: (1) Spillover effects intensify under extreme conditions, with crude oil and fuel oil as main transmitters, and methanol and coking coal as key recipients. Coking coal shows a stronger spillover absorption capacity under extreme conditions. (2) The Total Spillover Index (TSI) displays significant time-varying feature and sensitivity to external shocks, with heightened asymmetry and complexity in extreme markets. (3) Weather change significantly affects spillovers of China’s energy futures, with temperature, cooling and heating loads, and precipitation showing different impacts on TSI across market conditions. These findings provide references for energy finance regulation and risk early warning under climate change conditions. Full article

Background: The management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in the Emergency Department (ED) remains challenging, particularly in hemodynamically and respiratory stable patients with minimal symptoms. Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties are further compounded when the condition is complicated by a mobile right atrial (RA) thrombus, representing an extreme-risk phenotype. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65-year-old male with a single known venous thromboembolism risk factor-chronic venous insufficiency-who presented to the ED following a transient episode of severe dyspnea at home. On admission, he was hemodynamically and respiratory stable, without the need for oxygen supplementation. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed a metabolically compensated acidosis with elevated lactate, while cardiac biomarkers were moderately increased. Emergency point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography (POCUS-TTE) demonstrated severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and a large, mobile intracardiac thrombus prolapsing through the tricuspid valve. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography confirmed pulmonary embolism and revealed a massive and extensive bilateral thrombotic burden (Qanadli score 32 points). Given the extreme risk for fatal embolization, immediate full-dose systemic thrombolysis with Alteplase (100 mg over 2 h) was initiated in the ED. Thrombolysis was completed without hemorrhagic complications. Follow-up POCUS-TTE at 2 h showed complete resolution of the intracardiac thrombus and significant improvement of RV function (RV/RA gradient reduced from 40 mmHg to 28 mmHg). Conclusions: This case highlights the effectiveness and safety of early systemic thrombolysis guided by ED POCUS-TTE in PE with a massive thrombotic burden, complicated by a mobile intracardiac thrombus, even in the absence of shock. Such prompt intervention may reduce mortality risk in intermediate-to-high-risk PE subsets, despite limited guidance in current clinical recommendations. Full article

Background: Nearshoring has risen after shocks and policy shifts. We synthesize evidence in a compact loop linking triggers (trade frictions, supply-chain risk, new agreements) to location choices mediated by multidimensional proximity (geographic, institutional, organizational, social, cognitive, functional) to components (manufacturing footprint, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), employment) and outcomes (spillovers, productivity, innovation) conditioned by absorptive capacity and institutions. Methods: We conducted a literature review using major bibliographic databases. A staged screening pipeline (deduplication, pre-eligibility, and title–abstract screening) preceded full-text coding aligned with the review framework (triggers, proximity, components, outcomes, mediators). Studies were appraised with a five-criterion checklist, and themes were consolidated with basic bibliometric checks. Results: Evidence is North Atlantic and manufacturing-centric. Supply-chain disruptions dominate triggers; non-geographic proximity strongly moderates relocation. FDI anchors ecosystems, while employment effects are lagged and compositional. Strong capability and policy mixes yield broader spillovers; otherwise, benefits remain enclave-like. Sustainability and transformative outcomes are rarely assessed. Conclusions: The loop clarifies feedback from outcomes to future siting. Firms should build proximity beyond geography and pair early FDI with supplier and skills upgrading; policymakers should align instruments to governance, capability formation, and logistics. Research should expand Global South coverage and integrate environmental and inclusion metrics. Full article

This study investigates cross-market dependence and dynamic hedging performance between the U.S. equity market and major commodity assets across distinct crisis regimes. Using daily data for the S&P 500 index and four key commodities (WTI crude oil, gold, wheat, and natural gas), we examine how market linkages evolve during systemic disruptions by applying Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (MFCCA) and the q-dependent detrended correlation coefficient. Hedging performance is assessed using optimal hedge ratios estimated under two multivariate GARCH frameworks: the Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation (ADCC-GARCH) and the Generalized Orthogonal GARCH (GO-GARCH) model. The findings reveal strong multiscale and time-varying dependencies that intensify during high-volatility periods, reducing the benefits of conventional portfolio diversification. Hedging effectiveness proves to be regime dependent and strongly influenced by nonlinear cross-market interactions. The GO-GARCH model captures volatility spillovers and asymmetric co-movements more effectively, delivering superior hedging results compared with ADCC, especially during episodes of extreme market stress. Among the analysed commodities, crude oil and gold offer the most reliable hedging properties, whereas wheat and natural gas show unstable performance due to supply side shocks. These results emphasize the need for flexible, dynamically adjusted risk-management strategies during crisis environments. Full article

Aviation hydraulic systems operate under high pressure and large flow rates, which induce significant fluid pressure pulsations and hydraulic shocks in pipelines. These pulsations, exacerbated by complex external loads, can lead to excessive vibration stress, component damage, oil leakage, and compromised system safety. While existing methods—such as pump structure optimization, pipeline layout adjustment, and active control—can reduce pulsations to some extent, they are limited by cost, reliability, and adaptability, particularly under high-pressure and multi-excitation conditions. Passive control, using pressure pulsation damping devices, has proven to be more practical; however, conventional designs typically focus on low-load systems and have limited frequency adaptability. This paper proposes a multi-hole parallel pressure pulsation damping device that offers high vibration attenuation, broad adaptability, and easy installation. A combined simulation–experiment approach is employed to investigate its damping mechanism and performance. The results indicate that the damping device effectively reduces vibrations in the 200–500 Hz range, with minimal impact from changes in load pressure and rotational speed. Under a high pressure of 21 MPa and a speed of 1500 rpm, the maximum insertion loss can reach 15.82 dB, significantly reducing the pressure pulsation in the hydraulic pipeline. Full article

Introduction: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) and Steven–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) are rare yet dangerous dermatological emergencies presenting as necrosis of the skin and mucous membranes due to an immune reaction which may be associated with the use of pharmaceuticals—predominantly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and antiretroviral drugs. During the postpartum period, women are administered numerous pharmaceuticals, including NSAIDs, analgesics, and antibiotics, due to pain and their susceptibility to infections, exposing them to potential adverse effects including allergies and immune reactions. Case Report and Review: The case reported here is a rare description of a patient in the early postpartum phase who presented with epidermal necrolysis whilst remaining hospitalized after a cesarean delivery. The multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis, and treatment ensured the patient’s full recovery. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment resulted in a rapid therapeutic effect. This literature review offers an insight into the epidemiology, diagnostic process, and treatment of this infrequent dermatological syndrome during the postpartum period. Results: Antibiotic treatment is a common culprit of TEN in this population; hence, clinicians should remain vigilant during antibiotic administration. Differential diagnosis with toxic shock syndrome is crucial, as TEN and SJS symptoms may mimic sepsis, which is a more common diagnosis in the postpartum period. Conclusions: The condition of the skin during the postpartum period should be closely monitored, as some systemic diseases may manifest abruptly as profound, postpartum hormonal changes affect the immunological response. Upon the discovery of suspicious skin lesions concomitant with systemic symptoms, an immediate multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians and dermatologists is key to a rapid diagnosis and treatment to avoid maternal mortality. Full article

This study investigates the effect of Reynolds number on unsteady buffet characteristics of the OAT15A supercritical airfoil under transonic conditions (Ma = 0.73, AOA = 3.5°) using DDES based on the SST k-ω turbulence model coupled with the γ-Reθ transition model. Results show that, compared with fully turbulent conditions, the free-transition cases exhibit a more downstream shock position and higher lift. Under fully turbulent conditions, higher Reynolds numbers drive the shock downstream and enhance its stability. Under free-transition conditions, the shock moves downstream at low Reynolds numbers but shifts upstream at high Reynolds numbers due to changes in the transition location. During the unsteady buffet cycle at low Reynolds numbers, the lift increases as the shock moves downstream and the separation region shrinks. The lift reaches its maximum when the separation is minimal, corresponding to a quiet flow state with weak acoustic emission. As the lift decreases, a large separation region forms behind the shock, forcing the shock upstream and reducing the lift to its minimum. At high Reynolds numbers, the buffet cycle changes: the shock becomes more stable; trailing-edge vortex shedding intensifies; lift oscillation amplitude decreases; and buffet frequency increases. Full article

In recent decades, Peru’s manufacturing sector has steadily declined in its share of gross domestic product, despite sustained economic growth and repeated improvements in the terms of trade. This study investigates whether this divergence between external bonanza and industrial stagnation reflects a manifestation of Dutch disease, with long-term implications for the structural sustainability of the country’s manufacturing base. A quantitative approach is applied through a multiple linear regression model estimated by Ordinary Least Squares, using quarterly data from 2012 to 2024. The analysis includes control variables such as real gross domestic product, private gross fixed investment, the real exchange rate, and a dummy for COVID-19. The results reveal a negative and statistically significant relationship between terms of trade and manufacturing performance, suggesting that favorable external shocks may undermine productive capacities by exacerbating structural vulnerabilities. Beyond quantifying this effect, the study offers a structural interpretation of how external shocks can erode industrial resilience in economies dependent on commodity exports. These findings underscore that structural sustainability depends not only on external conditions, but also on internal factors such as investment dynamics, institutional governance, and technological innovation capacity. In addressing a gap in the literature on Dutch disease and sectoral sustainability in the Peruvian context, the study concludes by calling for a strategic reorientation of industrial policy toward a more diversified, inclusive, and innovation-driven growth model, capable of absorbing external rents productively and ensuring the long-term resilience of the manufacturing sector amid persistent global volatility. Full article

This paper investigates the impact of U.S. monetary policy on capital flows to emerging market economies and examines the role of capital controls in moderating this effect. Using a fixed-effects model with panel data from 19 developing nations spanning 2005Q1 to 2024Q3, we find that U.S. monetary tightening significantly reduces net capital inflows to these economies, undermining stable financing conditions necessary for long-term development. Countries with stronger capital controls are more insulated from these shocks and demonstrate greater financial resilience. This is because well-designed capital controls primarily target volatile short-term flows that are most susceptible to external policy shocks, while leaving stable, long-term productive investment largely unaffected. The study further reveals that during periods of unconventional monetary policy, the negative impact of U.S. policy shocks was more pronounced; short-term capital flows were highly responsive to policy changes, while foreign direct investment remained largely stable; and low- and middle-income nations experienced more severe disruptions than their high-income counterparts. These findings highlight the value of composition-targeted capital flow management in safeguarding financial stability and supporting sustainable development in emerging markets amid external monetary volatility. Full article

This study examines the short- and medium-run linkages within Mexico’s energy–economy system under conditions of limited information. The analysis is motivated by the structural relevance of hydrocarbons for fiscal stability and by the growing need to understand how energy shocks propagate through economic and environmental subsystems. Using a vector autoregression (VAR) framework, nine interdependent macroeconomic and energy variables are jointly evaluated after harmonizing mixed-frequency data, standardizing series, and ensuring stationarity through ADF and KPSS tests. Dynamic responses are assessed through impulse response functions (IRFs), generalized IRFs (GIRFs), and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD), complemented by Granger causality tests. Results show that oil rents exert a persistent and positive influence on GDP and public expenditure, while shocks to coal-fired generation and oil prices consistently reduce economic activity and increase emissions. Renewable capacity expands pro-cyclically but displays limited autonomous effects. Overall, the evidence reveals a fiscally and environmentally constrained system dominated by hydrocarbons, underscoring the importance of improving PEMEX’s operational efficiency, accelerating fiscal diversification, and strengthening institutional conditions for renewable investment. Full article

Background and Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) remains a life-threatening condition requiring prompt surgical management. Over the last decades, improvements in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and perioperative care have influenced patient characteristics and outcomes. This study analyzes temporal trends in the clinical profiles and results of patients surgically treated for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in a Northern Italian region over a fifteen-year period. Materials and Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing emergency surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection or acute intramural hematoma (IMH) between January 2010 and December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with chronic penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer or traumatic etiology were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables were analyzed to assess temporal changes. Trends were evaluated using linear regression and Cochran–Armitage tests for trend. Results: A total of 427 patients underwent surgery for AAD during the study period. The proportion of patients presenting with preoperative intubation significantly decreased over time (p for trend < 0.05), as did the incidence of preoperative shock (p for trend < 0.001). Conversely, the mean EuroSCORE showed a non-significant increase over the years. No significant differences were observed in age or other baseline parameters. A non-significant but progressive increase in female representation was observed over time (p = 0.064). Given this observation, a sex-based subanalysis was performed: women were significantly older (p < 0.001) and presented with higher EuroSCORE values (p < 0.001) compared to men, yet postoperative mortality was similar between sexes. This finding contrasts with recent reports suggesting worse outcomes among female patients. Conclusions: Over fifteen years, patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection have shown decreasing rates of preoperative critical conditions, reflecting earlier diagnosis and improved management. Despite higher operative risk scores, women demonstrated comparable short-term survival to men within our regional program. Multivariable analysis showed that sex was dependently associated with in-hospital mortality. Full article

A combined flow control method, integrating nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge (NS-SDBD) with pulsed jets, is proposed to address the challenge of low mixing efficiency in supersonic combustion. Numerical validation and mechanism analysis were conducted by solving the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, coupled with the shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. The simulations were carried out under a Mach 2.8 inflow condition with a 50 kHz pulsed frequency for H₂ jets. The results demonstrate that, compared to the steady jet case, the combined control scheme increases the combustion product mass flow rate by 27.1% and enhances combustion efficiency by 26.8%. The average temperature in the wake region increases by 65 K, while the total pressure recovery coefficient shows only a marginal change. The pressure disturbance center evolves along the outer edge of the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) and is eventually absorbed by the vortex core. This process generates favorable velocity and vorticity perturbations, which enhance O₂ entrainment into the CVP and increase the average wake temperature. Meanwhile, the strengthened reflected shock induces favorable velocity perturbations in the upper shear layer of the wake and further elevates the local temperature. Full article

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can cause widespread infections as well as severe outbreaks of food poisoning. Recent studies have drawn attention to foodborne pathogens such as S. aureus endowed with the ability to form biofilms and increase resistance to antimicrobial agents as well as environmental stress, posing challenges to food safety. The Clp (caseinolytic protease) protein complex plays a crucial role in energy-dependent protein hydrolysis processes. This mechanism is a common way to maintain intracellular homeostasis and regulation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, especially under stress conditions. In S. aureus, multiple genes encoding Clp ATPase homologues have been identified: clpC, clpB, clpY, clpX, and clpL. This study investigated the roles of clpC in stress tolerance and biofilm formation of foodborne S. aureus RMSA24 isolated from raw milk. Our results showed that the deletion of the clpC gene significantly reduced the bacterium’s tolerance to heat, desiccation, hydrogen peroxide, and high osmotic pressure compared to wild type (WT). Furthermore, the clpC knockout mutant also exhibited a marked decrease in biofilm formation using Crystal Violet Staining (CVS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Finally, compared to WT, there was a total of 102 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), with a significant downregulation of genes related to biofilm formation (isaA and spa) and heat-shock response (clpP and danJ). These findings suggest that clpC regulates environmental tolerance in S. aureus by modulating the expression of stress- and biofilm-related genes, positioning it as a potential biomarker and a novel target for controlling contamination in the food industry. Full article

The strengthened role of agribusinesses as innovators depends on improvements in their innovation performance, yet how to achieve this remains unresolved. Grounded in the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework and drawing on 2020–2022 panel data from 73 Chinese agribusinesses, we apply panel–QCA to examine how R&D personnel, managerial innovativeness, and digital technology adoption interact to generate superior innovation outcomes. The results reveal that no single technological, organizational, or environmental factor constitutes a necessary condition; instead, high innovation performance results from specific configurations. Three dominant pathways are identified: organization-driven, technology–organization synergistic, and organization–technology synergistic. In particular, organizational factors serve as core conditions across all configurations, offering stage-appropriate routes for firms at different development phases. Over time, all three configurations decline under external shocks. Furthermore, heterogeneity across firms underscores the need for tailored, dynamic strategies. Therefore, agribusinesses should “configure by context,” continuously monitor shifting configurational elements, and select adaptive pathways to sustain sustainable innovation performance amid environmental volatility. Full article

Rising residential land prices push up housing prices and worsen credit misallocation. These patterns emerge amid cyclical real estate fluctuations and heavy land-based public finance. Such pressures undermine macroeconomic stability and sustainable land-use. The land price circuit breaker is widely applied with a price cap and state dependence, yet its trigger mechanism and interaction with inflation targeting remain underexplored. This study addresses three core questions. First, how does the circuit breaker’s discrete trigger and rule-switching logic differ from traditional static price ceilings? Second, can the mechanism, via the collateral channel, restrain excessive land price hikes, improve credit allocation, and, thereby, stabilize land price dynamics and long-run macroeconomic performance? Third, how does the circuit breaker interact with inflation targeting, and through which endogenous channels does a strict target dampen housing prices and raise activation probability? This study develops a multi-sector DSGE model with an embedded land price circuit breaker. The price cap is modeled as an occasionally binding constraint. A dynamic price band and trigger indicator capture the policy’s switch between slack and binding states. The framework incorporates interactions among local governments, the central bank, developers, and households. It also links firms and the secondary housing market. Under different inflation-targeting rules, this study uses impulse responses, an event study, and welfare analysis to assess trigger conditions and macroeconomic effects. The findings are threefold. First, a strict inflation target increases the probability of a circuit breaker being triggered. It channels housing-demand shocks toward land prices and creates a “nominal anchor–relative price constraint” linkage. Second, once activated, the circuit breaker narrows the gap between land price and house-price growth. It weakens the procyclicality of collateral values. It also restrains credit expansion by impatient households. These effects redirect credit toward firms, improve corporate financing, reduce the decline in investment, and accelerate output recovery. Third, the circuit breaker limits new land supply and shifts demand toward the secondary housing market. This generates a supply-side effect that releases existing stock and stabilizes prices, thereby weakening the amplification mechanism of housing cycles. This study identifies the endogenous trigger logic and cross-market transmission of the land price circuit breaker under a strict inflation target. It shows that the mechanism is not merely a price-management tool in the land market but a systemic policy variable that links the real estate, finance, and fiscal sectors. By dampening real estate procyclicality, improving credit allocation, and stabilizing macroeconomic fluctuations, the mechanism offers new insights for sustainable land-use policy and macroeconomic stabilization. Full article