Search Results (326)

Knowledge of the reference intervals for serum proteins of the European bison (Bison bonasus) can be of great help in the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases, which are very common in these animals; however, reference intervals for this species are unknown. A total of 131 serum samples were obtained from the European bison from different locations in Poland. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were used to separate and identify protein fractions. In all sera, six fractions were identified: albumin, α1, α2, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins by both analytical methods. Reference intervals (90% CI) were determined. Comparisons were made to find significant differences based on the sex, age or lifestyle of the animals. Concordance between the methods was assessed using Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman analysis, and Lin’s concordance correlation. A higher percentage of α1-globulins was found in the females than in the males. Captive bison had significantly lower γ-globulin levels compared to free-living bison. The γ-globulin levels increased with the age of the animals. The Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a systematic bias indicating no good agreement between methods, and only the values for albumin, β1-, β2-, γ-globulins, and total globulins were considered acceptable according to Lin’s concordance correlation. Both methods are adequate for identifying serum proteins, but they are not interchangeable, necessitating the use of separate reference intervals for each method. Full article

Objective: Low serum albumin has been linked to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, including those with COVID-19. Whether serum globulin levels and albumin/globulin ratios (AGRs) can serve as biomarkers in COVID-19 is less well-characterized. This study assessed serum total protein, albumin, globulin levels, and AGR in relation to clinical outcomes in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective EMR analysis was conducted among 569 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia identified during the study period, of whom 60 met inclusion criteria of the required clinical immunologic and laboratory data and comprised the final analytic cohort. Variables included demographics and laboratory markers (total protein, albumin, globulin, immunoglobulins, CRP, and IL-6). The study evaluated: (1) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), (2) Charlson 10-Year Estimated Survival (C10YES), (3) clinical severity using the NEWS-2 score, (4) length of hospital stay (LOS), and (5) mortality. Spearman correlations, chi-square tests, and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Albumin was independently associated with CCI, C10YES, and LOS in adjusted models (p = 0.01, p = 0.004, and p < 0.001, respectively), as was AGR (p = 0.012, p = 0.006, and p = 0.024, respectively). Decreasing total protein levels were independently associated with higher NEWS-2 scores, lower C10YES, and longer LOS (p = 0.009, p = 0.042, and p < 0.001, respectively). Increasing age was associated with longer LOS after adjustment for sex and the other plasma proteins. Globulin levels were not associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Lower serum total protein was associated with higher COVID-19 severity, and lower albumin and AGR were associated with greater morbidity, lower predicted survival, and longer LOS. Increasing age was associated with longer LOS. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, albumin and AGR may serve as potential biomarkers facilitating personalized risk stratification of hospital course and recovery. Full article

People living with HIV (PLWH) represent a high-risk population for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, with exposure risk equal to or higher than that of the general population, particularly within adult risk networks. Anti-HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) serves as a neutralizing antibody and is considered a key marker of protective immunity against HAV infection. However, the serologic profile of anti-HAV IgG and IgM among unvaccinated PLWH remains insufficiently characterized, especially in South China. A total of 1232 unvaccinated adults were enrolled in the study, including 800 PLWH and 432 HIV- negative controls, to evaluate the serological markers of HAV immunity. Serum anti-HAV IgG and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and demographic, immunological, and biochemical data were collected. We observed that PLWH had significantly lower anti-HAV IgG concentrations (0.27 ± 0.16 vs. 0.31 ± 0.14 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and a lower IgG seropositivity rate (22.5% vs. 35.6%, p < 0.001) compared with HIV-negative controls, whereas no differences were found in IgM levels or positivity between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression identified HIV infection (OR = 0.599, 95% CI 0.413–0.869, p = 0.007) and age (OR = 1.019, 95% CI 1.007–1.031, p = 0.002) as independent factors associated with IgG seropositivity. Among PLWH, those who were IgG-positive tended to be older (p = 0.003) and had higher serum globulin levels (p < 0.001), whereas IgM positivity was linked to younger age (p < 0.001) and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio (p = 0.030). Age-stratified analyses further revealed that IgG seroprevalence increased with age, while IgM positivity showed a declining trend. These findings indicate a considerable immunity gap in a population at elevated risk of HAV infection and support the need for targeted serologic screening and vaccination strategies among PLWH. Full article

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypogonadism in men with RRMS (relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis) who are undergoing treatment with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and its association with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters. Methods: A total of 126 male patients with RRMS, aged 18–67 years, receiving DMTs and a group of 35 age- and BMI-matched healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical and demographic data were collected, including neurological disability (EDSS, T25FW, 9-HTP, SDMT), and MRI findings. Symptoms of androgen deficiency and depression were assessed using ADAM questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, while quality of life was evaluated using MSIS-29. Serum total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and free testosterone (fT) were measured in two stored morning blood samples. Results: A total of 118 (93.6%) MS patients (median age of 38.8 y) had normal TT levels; only 2 (1.6%) MS patients and 2 (5.7%) healthy controls had below-normal levels. Meanwhile, low fT levels were observed in 53 (43.7%) MS patients and 12 (34.3%) controls. However, the fT level was significantly lower in the MS patients under 38 years of age than in control individuals (p = 0.015). Only depression from all concomitant diseases was more prevalent in MS patients with low fT (p = 0.016). There was no correlation between low fT and clinical (EDSS, T25FT, SDMT) and MRI (new T2 and new Gd+ lesions) parameters but a longer disease duration and a higher total number of steroid treatments were associated with below-normal fT levels (p = 0.048 and p = 0.003, respectively). Change of DMT and current and previous DMT type did not correlate with low fT. Patients with low fT levels had a higher median score on the BDI (8.00; IQR: 3.00–12.50 vs. 5.00; IQR: 1.00–10.50) (p = 0.034) and the higher median ADAM questionnaire score (4.00 [IQR: 2.00–7.50] vs. 2.00 [IQR: 0.00–6.00]) (p = 0.034). Only a longer duration of MS (11.83 years) exhibited a significant positive correlation with the risk of a low fT level (OR = 1.19, CI 95%: 1.06–1.35, p = 0.004) in multivariate logistic analysis. Conclusions: Total testosterone level was normal in most male RRMS patients; however, low free testosterone level was observed, in particular in younger MS patients. Depression was more prevalent in patients with low fT but longer duration was a significant risk factor for a low fT level. Full article

Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by Leishmania infantum is increasingly recognized in endemic areas, but the inflammatory profile during infection remains poorly defined. This case–control study evaluated the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) in cats with anti-L. infantum antibodies and/or DNA and compared them with healthy negative controls. A total of 125 cats were enrolled, including 62 cats positive by IFAT and/or qPCR and 63 healthy controls. Total protein, albumin, albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G), and serum protein electrophoresis were also assessed, and correlations with APPs were investigated in positive cats. Compared with controls, L. infantum-positive cats had significantly higher Hp and Cp concentrations, whereas SAA did not differ significantly. They also showed higher total protein, beta2- and gamma-globulin concentrations and lower albumin and A/G ratio. SAA and Hp were negatively correlated with albumin, whereas Cp was positively correlated with total protein and beta-globulin fractions. No significant correlations were found between APPs and IFAT antibody titer. In exploratory analyses, IFAT seropositivity (cut-off ≥ 1:80) was associated with higher Hp, whereas qPCR positivity was associated with higher SAA and Cp concentrations; however, these results should be interpreted cautiously because qPCR-positive cats were few. These findings indicate a measurable inflammatory and dysproteinemic profile in cats with laboratory evidence of L. infantum exposure and/or infection, but do not establish APPs as disease-specific diagnostic markers. However, diagnostic heterogeneity, limited qPCR testing, lack of standardized clinical staging, and possible confounding diseases limit causal and clinical interpretation. Full article

At present, the gold standard for gastric cancer (GC) confirmation relies mostly on histopathology, an invasive procedure. Noninvasive detection methods using serum for large-scale screening may be useful for the early diagnosis of GC. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and chronic atrophic gastritis are major GC risk factors. We recently developed a noninvasive test called the DSC test-based on the patient’s age, sex, their serum PGI and PGII, anti-HP immunoglobulin (IgG), and gastrin G17 levels-predicting GC risk as low (score 0, S0) or high (score 2, S2). The comparative investigation at the serum protein level of the two different patient groups detected by our DCS test (S0 and S2) may undoubtedly help to identify gastric disease-dependent proteins, resulting from bacterial infection or gastric mucosa inflammation, as well as get better insight into the molecular scenario associated with pre-cancerous conditions. We used an untargeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic profiling approach, followed by univariate statistical analysis to compare the different DSC groups across two patient cohorts (exploratory and validation). Significantly differentially abundant proteins differing more than 1.5-fold between S0 and S2 groups were selected and validated, and their putative role(s) in gastritis and GC were discussed. In both the exploratory and the validation cohorts, four proteins (beta-2-microglobulin, EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, complement factor D, and cystatin-C) were more abundant, while two (sex hormone-binding globulin and pregnancy zone protein) were less abundant in the sera of S2 individuals (|fold change| ≥ 0.6, p < 0.05, t-test). The higher presence of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and the lower content of pregnancy zone protein (PZP) in S2 sera were validated by immunoblotting. Replacing age and sex in our DSC model with two specific candidate biomarkers can lead to a refined, albeit modest, improvement in classification accuracy. This study identified a proteomic signature that was differentially associated with the sera of patients with a different risk to develop advanced atrophy/GC according to the DSC test. Moving from a demographic model to a proteomic-driven model can better reflect the personalized biology of pathological processes associated with DSC. Full article

Background/Objectives: Lower circulating testosterone concentrations in postmenopausal women have been associated with adverse sexual, skeletal, and metabolic outcomes, yet population-level prevalence estimates remain inconsistent. In the absence of universally accepted diagnostic thresholds for androgen deficiency in women, interpretation of serum testosterone concentrations remains variable. This study aimed to describe the distribution of serum total testosterone and to evaluate demographic and hormonal correlates among physiologic postmenopausal women in the United States. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed women meeting criteria for physiologic menopause from the 2011–2016 and 2021–2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. Participants using androgenic medications were excluded. Because no universally accepted diagnostic threshold exists for testosterone deficiency in women, serum total testosterone <30 ng/dL was used as an operational, population-based reference point, with <20 ng/dL evaluated as a sensitivity threshold. Survey-weighted analyses characterized the cohort and examined associations between testosterone concentrations below the <30 ng/dL operational threshold and demographic and hormonal variables using logistic regression. Results: Among 2707 postmenopausal women, the weighted mean total testosterone was 25.2 ± 1.1 ng/dL. Using operational, distribution-based thresholds, 56.0% of women had testosterone concentrations <20 ng/dL and 79.9% had concentrations <30 ng/dL (Rao–Scott χ², p < 0.001). In the weighted distribution, both thresholds lay above the weighted median, with 30 ng/dL exceeding the 75th percentile. The proportion of women with testosterone concentrations below the <30 ng/dL threshold differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p < 0.01) and age group (p < 0.01), highest among Non-Hispanic Asian (87.7%) and Mexican American (89.4%) women and lowest among Non-Hispanic Black women (75.5%). In multivariable models, higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (adjusted OR = 0.720; 95% CI: 0.633–0.820; p < 0.001) and higher estradiol (adjusted OR = 0.577; 95% CI: 0.389–0.856; p < 0.05) were independently associated with lower odds of testosterone concentrations below the <30 ng/dL threshold. Conclusions: Testosterone concentrations below operational thresholds are highly prevalent among U.S. postmenopausal women, although estimates vary depending on the cutoff applied. Higher SHBG and estradiol levels were inversely associated with testosterone concentrations below these thresholds, underscoring the physiologic interrelationship of these hormones in postmenopausal women. These findings highlight the need for standardized, population-specific reference thresholds and clearer clinical frameworks for interpreting androgen levels in women. Full article

Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) infection poses a significant health threat to equines. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, hematobiochemical alterations, and oxidative stress-mediated genotoxicity associated with equine trypanosomiasis in the Rahim Yar Khan District. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 equines from October 2024 to September 2025. Blood samples were collected for thin blood film microscopy and PCR assay using RoTat 1.2 primers. Hematological indices were analyzed with an automated hematology analyzer; serum biochemical parameters were quantified via standard assays. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH), were also measured. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, logistic regression, and independent t-tests. T. evansi was detected in 5.99% of samples by microscopy and 10.16% by PCR, with no significant association with species, age, or sex. Infected equines exhibited significant reductions in hemoglobin (5.4 ± 0.6 vs. 10.8 ± 0.5 g/dL; p < 0.0001), total serum protein (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 5.8 ± 0.2 g/dL; p < 0.0001), albumin, and globulin, alongside elevated hepatic enzymes, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine (all p < 0.01). Oxidative stress was confirmed by increased MDA (p < 0.0001) and decreased CAT activity (p < 0.001). Genotoxicity was significantly higher in infected animals (genetic damage index; 1.12 ± 0.08 vs. 0.40 ± 0.01; p < 0.01). This study provides the first integrated assessment of molecular epidemiology and oxidative stress-mediated genotoxicity in equines in this region, suggesting the pathogenic impact of the infection and targeted diagnostics for disease management strategies. Full article

Feed nutrition and rise in antibiotic resistance are growing global challenges in aquaculture, with Aeromonas hydrophila causing significant losses in the carp family. This 60-day study evaluated the potential of combining herbal seed extract (Achyranthes aspera and Ricinus communis) with inactivated vaccine (A. hydrophila) to enhance growth and immunity in Labeo rohita. A total of 540 fish were randomly assigned in six groups (T0-untreated control, T1-A. aspera seed extract (ASE), T2-R. communis seed extract (RSE), T3-vaccinated control, T4-vaccine plus ASE, T5-vaccine plus RSE). Results revealed that herbal–vaccine combinations, particularly T4, showed highest growth performance (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this group showed improved metabolic profiles, indicated by reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose, along with significantly elevated albumin and globulin concentrations. In terms of immune response, neutrophil counts were significantly higher in T4 and T5. Crucially, following a challenge with A. hydrophila, survival rates were higher in T4:90% and T5:85% compared with positive control’s meager 20% survival. Post-challenge hematology confirmed that groups T4 and T5 maintained an enhanced immune status. These findings suggest that combining medicinal plants extract with vaccine effectively enhances growth, immunity, and disease resistance in L. rohita, presenting an environment friendly alternative to traditional antibiotics in aquaculture. Full article

Background: Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is refractory stomatitis in cats. The cure rate of tooth extraction selected as a primary surgical treatment is insufficient. Methods: 52 FCGS-suspected cats, including 22 tooth-extracted and 30 unextracted cats, were studied. Commercially available antiviral and antibacterial agents were orally administered as initial treatment, followed by the antiviral agent solely as maintenance therapy. We examined the influence of prior tooth extraction on the therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs by analyzing changes in some physical signs and clinical laboratory biomarkers. Results: Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the active ingredients of antibacterial and antiviral were Moxifloxacin and Molnupiravir, respectively. All physical signs (weight, appetite, activity level, grooming behavior, ptyalism, erythema) showed statistically significant improvements with combined administration of these drugs. Numbers of white blood cells, neutrophils and monocytes, as well as circulating levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and serum amyloid-A all statistically significantly decreased with their administration (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were detected between two FCGS groups in the changes in any of the above physical signs or clinical biomarker levels, indicating combination therapy with antibacterial and antiviral agents leads to effective treatment of FCGS, regardless of whether prior tooth extraction was performed or not. Full article

Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for its chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive properties, but is limited by oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity. Nanoantioxidant delivery systems can enhance the stability, solubility, and in vivo efficacy of natural antioxidants. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of myricetin (MYR), a flavonoid with potent antioxidant activity, and its liposomal nanoantioxidant formulation (MYR-loaded liposomal nanoparticles, MYR-LNPs) against MTX-induced liver injury in male albino Sprague Dawley rats. Sixty rats were randomly allocated to six groups: control, MTX, MYR, MYR-LNPs, and combinations of MTX with MYR-LNPs. MYR-LNPs were successfully formulated and physicochemically characterized, exhibiting a mean particle size of 95.6 nm, a zeta potential of −32 mV, and a narrow polydispersity index, collectively confirming their colloidal stability and suitability for hepatic delivery. MTX markedly disrupted liver function, increasing serum AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin and decreasing total protein, albumin, and globulin, whereas co-treatment with MYR-LNPs substantially restored these parameters and outperformed free MYR. MTX-induced oxidative stress, reflected by depleted hepatic GSH and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, CAT, GST), elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyls and downregulated NRF2/HO-1, was significantly counteracted by MYR-LNPs. In addition, MYR-LNPs mitigated MTX-evoked inflammation and nitrosative stress by reducing NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, nitric oxide, and iNOS expression. They corrected apoptotic imbalance by lowering Bax and caspase 3 while increasing Bcl-2. Histopathological and ultrastructural assessments confirmed that MYR-LNPs preserved hepatic architecture and mitochondrial integrity. These findings indicate that MYR-loaded liposomal nanoantioxidants provide superior protection against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, supporting their potential as an advanced nanodrug delivery strategy for antioxidant therapy. Full article

Background/Objectives: Differentiating minimal change disease (MCD) from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) remains a diagnostic challenge. We hypothesised that differences in glomerular protein selectivity could translate into distinct serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) profiles, particularly in severe nephrotic syndrome. Methods: We retrospectively analysed SPEP profiles of adults with biopsy-proven MCD (n = 27), primary FSGS (n = 27), and secondary FSGS (n = 20). Diagnoses were established according to KDIGO guidelines and the Mayo Clinic classification. A severe subgroup was defined by a relative albumin fraction <40% to evaluate patterns in marked hypoalbuminaemia. Results: Secondary FSGS demonstrated significantly higher albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratios compared with immune-mediated podocytopathies (MCD and primary FSGS), yielding excellent discrimination (AUC > 0.98). In contrast, discriminatory performance between MCD and primary FSGS in the overall cohort was limited (AUC = 0.657). However, within the severe subgroup, the A/G ratio provided clinically meaningful separation (AUC = 0.787). An A/G ratio > 0.49 identified primary FSGS with 86.7% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity. Correlation analysis revealed a strong inverse association between albumin and α2-globulin fractions in immune-mediated podocytopathies (ρ < −0.8), whereas this relationship was attenuated in secondary FSGS (ρ = −0.57). Conclusions: The A/G ratio may represent a practical adjunctive biomarker in the evaluation of podocytopathies. Values > 1.0 strongly favour secondary FSGS, while markedly reduced ratios in severe nephrosis are characteristic of MCD. These findings suggest that differences in glomerular selectivity and the hepatic compensatory response are reflected in routine electrophoretic profiles. Full article

Caprylic acid (CA) fractionation of serum is a simple and cost-effective method of producing high-quality immunoglobulins. While standardised procedures exist for CA purification of IgG for various animals, no published protocol exists for baboon IgG. This study aimed to optimise an efficient protocol for purifying IgG from baboon serum using CA through a stepwise one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The effects of serum pH, CA concentration, stirring time and intensity, dialysis buffer, and lyophilisation were evaluated based on the protein content, with SDS-PAGE profiles and albumin–globulin ratios distinguishing IgG from residual albumin. Serum at pH 5.0 with 7% CA (v/v) produced the highest yield, minimising albumin while maximising IgG content. Lower pH (4.0–4.5) and CA (5–6%) reduced protein content, while a higher pH (5.5–6.0) and CA (8–15%) increased protein, but with elevated albumin and contaminants. Stirring serum vigorously at 1200 rpm for 60 min provided effective precipitation of non-IgG proteins. Lower intensities and shorter times resulted in higher albumin and residual proteins, while excessive stirring caused protein denaturation. Dialysis buffer composition had little impact, while lyophilisation significantly enhanced IgG concentration. The optimal protocol involved serum at pH 5.0, 7% CA (v/v), vigorous stirring (1200 rpm) for 60 min, and dialysis against sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) followed by lyophilisation. The resulting IgG enrichment and purity were comparable to commercial-grade products. This study thus established optimal conditions for the purification of baboon IgG with CA, which could be used to support research in this animal model of immunology. Full article

This study investigated the effects of supplementing a commercial milk replacer with Boswellia serrata resin (BSR), a natural frankincense extract rich in boswellic acids that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality of suckling lambs. Twenty-four Assaf lambs were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8 per group): natural suckling (NS), milk replacer (MR), and MR supplemented with BSR (MR+BSR). The experimental period lasted 60 days, during which growth performance and blood indices were evaluated, followed by meat quality assessment at the end of the trial. Lambs reared artificially (MR and MR+BSR) showed greater growth performance than naturally suckled lambs, as evidenced by significantly higher final body weight (p = 0.003) and average daily gain (p = 0.002), while initial body weight did not differ among treatments (p = 0.881). Within the artificially reared groups, however, BSR supplementation did not further increase growth relative to milk replacer alone. Supplementation with BSR improved the health and metabolic profile of lambs, resulting in higher serum total protein (p < 0.001), albumin (p < 0.001), and globulin (p < 0.001) concentrations. Moreover, BSR supplementation reduced the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001) activities observed in the MR group. No significant differences were detected in meat proximate composition (p > 0.05). However, meat from the NS group was significantly harder (p = 0.002) and more cohesive (p = 0.003) than meat from lambs fed MR or MR+BSR. In addition, the MR+BSR group produced meat with a higher redness (a*) value (p = 0.041), indicating an improved color quality. In conclusion, supplementing milk replacers with BSR enhanced the physiological and biochemical health of suckling lambs and enhanced specific meat quality traits, suggesting its potential as a natural functional additive in artificial rearing systems. Full article

Accurate preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is difficult, complicating distinction between septic and aseptic failures. This study assessed the value of common serum biomarkers and three calculated ratios—albumin–globulin ratio (AGR), C-reactive protein–albumin ratio (CAR), and C-reactive protein–AGR ratio (CAGR)—in diagnosing PJI after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing revision THA for PJI or aseptic failure from 2011 to 2021 at a single institution. Inclusion required reported serum white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin (Alb), and total protein (TP). Diagnostic performance was evaluated using areas under the curve (AUCs), with higher values indicating better accuracy. Ratios were defined as: AGR = Alb/[TP − Alb], CAR = CRP/Alb, and CAGR = CRP/AGR. Among 128 cases, 67 were PJI and 61 aseptic. AUCs were: WBC (0.53), CRP (0.69), ESR (0.75), Alb (0.69), Glb (0.63), TP (0.53), AGR (0.72), CAR (0.70), and CAGR (0.71). Optimal cutoff, sensitivity, and specificity were: CRP (10.5, 0.76, 0.59), ESR (41.0, 0.70, 0.72), AGR (1.10, 0.64, 0.75), CAR (3.37, 0.73, 0.64), and CAGR (10.9, 0.75, 0.66). ESR, AGR, CAR, and CAGR demonstrated acceptable accuracy. These readily available markers and ratios may aid PJI diagnosis, supporting improved clinical decision-making. Full article