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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Advances in Zoo, Aquatic, and Wild Animal Medicine
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Advances in Zoo, Aquatic, and Wild Animal Medicine

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 1755

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Teresa Encinas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: pharmacology; pharmacokinetics; wildlife; zoo; exotic animals
Dr. Pablo Morón-Elorza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: pharmacology; pharmacokinetics; wildlife; hematolgy; biochemistry
Dr. Manuel Fuertes-Recuero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: surgery; wildlife; laparoscopy; zoology; pain management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in veterinary surgery and pharmacology are transforming the treatment of zoo and wild animals, improving clinical outcomes, and enhancing animal welfare. Innovations in diagnostic and surgical techniques, anesthesia, pain management, physiotherapy, and medical and pharmacological therapies are essential for managing complex conditions and adapting treatments to different animal species. However, challenges remain in optimizing diagnostic and treatment procedures, improving medication efficacy, and ensuring safe, species-specific applications.

This Special Issue, titled “Advances in Zoo, Aquatic, and Wild Animal Medicine”, invites original research, reviews, and case reports on innovative surgical and pharmacological treatments in veterinary medicine. We welcome articles that explore novel diagnostic procedures, surgical techniques, drug developments, and other interdisciplinary approaches that improve patient care.

We encourage veterinary researchers to contribute to this Special Issue, and in turn foster collaboration to advance animal healthcare.

We look forward to your submissions.

Prof. Dr. Teresa Encinas
Dr. Pablo Morón-Elorza
Dr. Manuel Fuertes-Recuero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • medical treatments
  • surgical procedures
  • diagnostic procedures
  • pharmacokinetics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 547 KB  
Article
Comparison of Three Different Balanced Sedative-Anaesthetic Protocols in Captive Baboons (Papio hamadryas)
by Martina Amari, Federica Alessandra Brioschi, Petra Cagnardi, Giulia Sala, Francesco Ferrari, Michele Capasso, Luigi Elia, Elena Venturelli, Federica Di Cesare, Francesco Zinno and Giuliano Ravasio
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(9), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090859 - 4 Sep 2025
Viewed by 528
Abstract
Baboons’ management requires chemical restraint. Three intramuscular sedative protocols in captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing health-check and male vasectomy were compared. Animals were assigned to TZD_G (n = 17; tiletamine/zolazepam 3 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg), KDM_G (n [...] Read more.
Baboons’ management requires chemical restraint. Three intramuscular sedative protocols in captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing health-check and male vasectomy were compared. Animals were assigned to TZD_G (n = 17; tiletamine/zolazepam 3 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg), KDM_G (n = 23; ketamine 6 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 30 μg/kg + methadone 0.2 mg/kg), or MDM_G (n = 9; midazolam 2 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 60 μg/kg + methadone 0.2 mg/kg). Propofol was titrated intravenously for anaesthetic induction and maintenance. Sedation time and quality and cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded. Atipamezole (TZD_G 0.2 mg/kg, KDM_G 0.3 mg/kg, MDM_G 0.6 mg/kg) and flumazenil (MDM_G 0.02 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly post-procedure. Recovery time and quality were recorded. Data were reported as median (interquartile range) or regression coefficient (B). Sedation was deepest in TZD_G (20, 20–20; KDM_G 20, 19–20; MDM_G 19, 15–20; p = 0.017). MDM_G had a significantly higher heart rate (B = 10.27, p = 0.001), respiratory rate (B = 9.09, p < 0.001), and lower end-tidal carbon dioxide (B = −3.00, p = 0.03) than TZD_G, while KDM_G had a lower respiratory rate than TZD_G (B = −3.67, p = 0.02) and a higher temperature (B = 1.66 p = 0.001). TZD_G showed the longest recovery (minutes: 19, 11.5–30; KDM_G: 6, 4–12; MDM_G: 4, 2.5–5; p < 0.001), while MDM_G the best recovery (0, 0–0; TZD_G: 9, 6–12; KDM_G: 0, 0–6; p < 0.001). TZD produced deepest sedation but bad recovery; KDM offered optimal sedation and recovery, and cardiopulmonary stability; MDM provided lighter sedation and excellent recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Zoo, Aquatic, and Wild Animal Medicine)
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14 pages, 5237 KB  
Case Report
Enucleation Due to Ocular Abscess in a Captive Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A Case Report from the Republic of Congo
by Manuel Fuertes-Recuero, José L. López-Hernández, Alejandra Ramírez-Lago, Luna Gutiérrez-Cepeda, Juan A. De Pablo-Moreno, Pablo Morón-Elorza, Luis Revuelta and Rebeca Atencia
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(9), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090805 - 25 Aug 2025
Viewed by 718
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) rescued from the illegal wildlife trade often suffer from chronic, traumatic injuries that require specialized and prolonged medical treatment in wildlife rehabilitation centers. We present the case report of a two-year-old male chimpanzee admitted at the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee [...] Read more.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) rescued from the illegal wildlife trade often suffer from chronic, traumatic injuries that require specialized and prolonged medical treatment in wildlife rehabilitation centers. We present the case report of a two-year-old male chimpanzee admitted at the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center in the Republic of Congo with a chronic periorbital abscess, likely caused by a machete wound sustained during the poaching of his mother. Despite receiving extended antimicrobial therapy, his condition was never fully controlled and progressed to a chronic orbital infection, causing him discomfort and producing chronic purulent discharge. Enucleation was performed under general anesthesia using ketamine and medetomidine, with surgical approach adapted to the distinctive orbital anatomy of chimpanzees. During the procedure, ligation of the optic nerve and ophthalmic vessels was required due to the confined orbital apex and extensive vascularization, ensuring adequate haemostasias and procedural safety. The chimpanzee made an uneventful postoperative recovery, resuming normal feeding and social behavior within 48 h, with complete wound healing occurring within two weeks. This case report highlights the importance of prompt surgical intervention when conservative medical management fails to resolve refractory ocular infections in chimpanzees. It also emphasizes the importance of specific anesthetic protocols, refined surgical techniques and tailored postoperative care in wildlife rehabilitation centers. Documenting and sharing detailed case reports such as this contributes to the limited veterinary literature on great ape surgery and supports evidence-based clinical decision-making to improve the welfare and treatment outcomes of rescued chimpanzees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Zoo, Aquatic, and Wild Animal Medicine)
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