264 Results Found

Reliable diagnostics are necessary to identify influenza infections, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the need to develop highly specific and sensitive viral detection methods to distinguish severe acute respiratory syndrome coronav...

Introduction: Fever is among the most common reason for medical assessment and antibiotic prescription in practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate positive and negative predictive values of rapid nasopharyngeal swabs for respiratory pathogens...

The aim of this comprehensive review is to synthesize current knowledge on bovine respiratory disease (BRD), enhance diagnostic strategies, and support effective prevention and management practises. BRD remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortal...

Various pathogens can cause upper respiratory tract infections, presenting challenges in accurate diagnosis due to similar symptomatology. Therefore, rapid and precise diagnostic tests are crucial for effective treatment planning. Traditional culture...

Accurate, rapid and inexpensive diagnosis of poultry respiratory pathogens remains a challenge, especially in many developing countries. Meanwhile, poultry respiratory pathogens are a major threat to poultry production worldwide, accounting for billi...

The identification of pathogens associated with respiratory symptoms other than the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be challenging. However, the diagnosis of pathogens is crucial for assessing the clinical outcome of patients. We compre...

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence rates of respiratory pathogens using syndromic tests and also to show which respiratory viruses were detected in suspected cases, especially during and after the pandemic period. A total of 1984 di...

The canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is an endemic respiratory syndrome caused by different bacterial and viral pathogens. This report describes a case of canine parainfluenza virus infection in a vaccinated household dog with an...

Respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases among children, representing a cause of death and generating a significant number of hospitalisations. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics...

Respiratory viruses are widespread in the community, affecting both the upper and lower respiratory tract. This review provides an updated synthesis of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical impact, and management of severe respiratory viral inf...

Respiratory tract and intestinal diseases are common threats to feline health. Coinfection with multiple pathogens is not rare among clinical infectious cases. Rapid diagnosis of these coinfections is of great significance for timely and effective cl...

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has spread worldwide and caused more than six million deaths globally. Therefore, a timely and accurate diagnosis method is of pivotal importance for controlling the dissemination and expansions. Nucleic acid det...

Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) contribute to mortality in children ≤5 years. Their microbiological aetiologies are often unknown and may be exacerbated in light of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This study reports on respiratory pa...

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILT) is the pathogen responsible for a respiratory ailment that has resulted in significant economic losses in the poultry industry, primarily due to high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as diminished egg pr...

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have been reported to possibly initiate the development of asthma in children. However, the role of LRTIs in infantile asthma remains controversial. The goal of this study is to investigate whe...

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, claiming millions of lives each year and imposing significant healthcare costs. Accurate detection of respiratory pathogens is essential for the effective manageme...

R. equi is an important veterinary pathogen that takes the lives of many foals every year. With the emergence and spread of MDR R. equi to current antimicrobial treatment, new tools that can provide a fast and accurate diagnosis of the disease and an...

Scarce and limited epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data are available regarding pediatric respiratory tract infections in the Kingdom of Morocco, a middle-income country in Northwestern Africa. Data on antibiotic usage for such infectio...

Respiratory viruses are a common cause of respiratory tract infection (RTI), particularly in neonates and children. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral infections could improve clinical outcomes and reduce the use of antibiotics and treatment sessi...

After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated fro...

Aim: Respiratory viruses significantly impact public health, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates in both children and adults. This study evaluates the distribution and incidence of respiratory tract viruses in our hospital from 2019 to...

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to the outcome of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). In this study, we developed an assay combining multiplex PCR and Luminex technology (MPLT) for the detection of nine important respiratory bacteri...

The introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques has improved the detection of respiratory viruses, particularly with the use of multiplex real-time technique with the capability of simultaneous detection of various pathogens in a singl...

The frequency of respiratory viruses in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their impact on lung function remain unclear. We aimed to determine the frequency of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum samples in PLHIV and corr...

Background/Objectives: Due to the significant overlap in symptoms between COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, a multiplex PCR-based platform was developed to simultaneously detect 22 respiratory pathogens. Target sequences were retrieved from...

Omicron, a recent variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently globally dominating. We reviewed the etiology and epidemiology of croup over an approximately 5-year period, with an emphasis on the recent domina...

Introduction: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), though commonly perceived as a pediatric pathogen, significantly impacts adults, yet its role in acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) remains underappreciated. The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped respi...

The combination of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and other respiratory pathogens is a real challenge for health care systems in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management. Most of the reported bacterial co...

Among the respiratory pathogens of birds, the Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the most relevant, as it is responsible for causing infections of the upper respiratory tract and may induce respiratory syndromes. aMPV is capable of affecting the...

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify and analyze cases of pertussis hospitalized in 2024 that met the clinical criteria, epidemiological context, and laboratory confirmation through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serological...

Bacteria of the genus Mannheimia are major pathogens of respiratory diseases in ruminants and pose a significant threat to the global ruminant industry. However, the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of Mannheimia glucosida remain...

Coronaviruses can cause pneumonia, with clinical symptoms that may be similar to the symptoms of other viral pneumonias. To our knowledge, there have been no reports regarding cases of pneumonia caused by coronaviruses and other viruses among hospita...

A descriptive analysis of common respiratory pathogens (CRPs) detected in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) from hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness during the fall seasons of the past three years, 2019–2021, in the Lazio region, Italy,...

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) continue to pose a major global health threat, particularly among vulnerable populations. These infections often present with similar clinical symptoms, complicating accurate diagnosis and facilitating unmonitored...

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) are commonly isolated in respiratory specimens taken from mechanically ventilated patients. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the approach to antimicrobial prescription in ventilated patients who...

Given the fatal health conditions caused by emerging infectious pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, their rapid diagnosis is required for preventing secondary infections and guiding correct treatments. Although various...

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) causes cellular cilia motility alterations, leading to clinical manifestations in the upper and lower respiratory tract and situs abnormalities. The PCD diagnosis was improved after the inclusion of diagnostic tools,...

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas) proteins can be designed to bind specified DNA and RNA sequences and hold great promise for the accurate detection of nucleic acids for diagnostics. We integrated commercially avai...

Although bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a key contributor to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) worldwide, there are few detailed reports of BRSV-related outbreaks in Brazil. This study describes the clinical, pathological, immunohistoche...

Diagnosis and treatment of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) continue to be challenging. The annual incidence of AE in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is 5% to 15%, with an in-hospital mortality exceeding 50%. Similar annua...

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a significant pathogen causing respiratory disease in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Diagnosis is typically achieved by isolation of BCC on selective culture media following culture of sputum or other res...

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory pathogen that has gained increasing recognition due to advancements in molecular diagnostic tools, which have improved its detection and characterization. While severe disease manifestations a...

Respiratory allergies affect humans worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. They include allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS), aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and nasal polyps (NPs). The st...

The main pathogens of severe respiratory infection in children are respiratory viruses, and the current molecular technology allows for a rapid and simultaneous detection of a wide spectrum of these viral pathogens, facilitating the diagnosis and eva...

Scedosporium/Lomentospora fungi are increasingly recognized pathogens. As these fungi are resistant to many antifungal agents, early diagnosis is essential for initiating targeted drug therapy. Here, we review the microbiological tools for the detect...

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a disease that affects the optical nerve, causing visual loss. The diagnosis of LHON is mostly defined by the identification of three pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial DNA. Idebenone is widel...

Introduction: Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is mainly associated with respiratory tract infections. However, its role as respiratory pathogen is not fully understood for a high co-infection rate in symptomatic patients and a significant HBoV detection rate...

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite the availability of traditiona...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting children and adolescents, is known to trigger periodic global epidemics. The most recent significant outbreak commenced in the first half of 2023 and reached its peak g...

Alternaria is a genus of worldwide fungi found in different habitats such as soil, the atmosphere, plants or indoor environments. Alternaria species are saprobic—largely involved in the decomposition of organic material—but they can also...