As a new functional graded lattice structure construction strategy, the relative density gradient strategy has a promising future due to its ease of realization in various lattice structures. This paper proposes a BCC lattice structure combining two...
In recent years, there has been a heightened focus on multiplex porosity due to its significant adverse impact on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy components produced through wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). This study investigates...
Woody plants are crucial components of forest ecosystems and play critical roles in regulating community succession and ecosystem function. Studying woody plant diversity and its influencing factors is thus important for understanding and protecting...
In this paper, we numerically investigate the dynamic response and explosion resistance of gradient aluminum foam sandwich tubes subjected to external blast loads. Based on 3D-Voronoi technology, we construct density-graded aluminum foam cores to sys...
In this paper, five grading functional gradient lattice structures with a different density perpendicular to the loading direction were proposed, and the surface morphology, deformation behavior, and compression properties of the functional gradient...
LDPE (low-density polyethylene) foams were prepared using the improved compression moulding technique (ICM) with relative densities ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 and with different levels of chemical blowing agents (from 1% to 20%). The density gradients,...
Amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) inversion for pre-stack seismic data is a key technology in oil and gas reservoir prediction. Conventional AVA inversion contains two main stages. Stage one estimates the relative change rates of P-wave velocity, S-wave v...
P2X7 is an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel. CD39 (ectonucleotidase triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1) hydrolyses ATP to reduce its extracellular concentration to limit P2X7 activation. Both P2X7 and CD39 are present on leukocy...
Based on the advantages of thin-walled tubes and lattice structures in energy absorption and improved crashworthiness, a hybrid structure of lattice-reinforced thin-walled tubes with different cross-sectional cell numbers and gradient densities was c...
Neutrophils are considered as the main player in innate immunity. In the last few years, it has been shown that they are involved in different physiological conditions and diseases. However, progress in the field of neutrophil biology is relatively s...
The standard method of identifying subcenters is due to Giuliano and Small. While simple, robust and easy to apply, because it uses absolute employment density and employment cutoffs, it identifies “too few” subcenters at the metropolitan periphery. T...
Nickel (Ni) single-layer coatings were electrodeposited under varying pulse periods (T), duty cycles (θ), and average current densities (iav) using four distinct pulse current waveforms: rectangular (Rec), triangular (Tri), ramp-up triangular (...
Given the key role of cell migration in cancer metastasis, there is a critical need for in vitro models that better capture the complexities of in vivo cancer cell microenvironments. Using both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture...
This research investigated the relationship between volume energy density and the microstructure, density, and mechanical properties of the Ti-5Al-5Mo-3V-1Cr-1Fe alloy fabricated via the SLM process. The results indicate that an increase in volume en...
The final disposal of high-level nuclear waste in many countries is preferred to be in deep geological repositories. Compacted bentonites are proposed for use as the buffer surrounding the waste canisters which may be subjected to both thermal and hy...
The impact of ungulate browsing on tree saplings has been found to have a negative effect on the regeneration of temperate forests. However, it remains ambiguous whether a relationship exists between browsing intensity and soil quality in natural for...
The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the mechanical behavior or lattice specimens subjected to quasi-static and dynamic compression tests. Both regular and three different variants of SS 316L lattice structures with gradually changed topologies (...
This study presents the first application of Machine Learning (ML) models to optimise Powder Bed Fusion using Laser Beam (PBF-LB) process parameters for H13 steel fabricated on a 350 °C preheated building platform. A total of 189 cylindrical spec...
To evaluate the impacts of urbanization on soil and vegetation in protected forest areas, 12 forest sites in Southeastern Michigan USA were studied in an indirect urban–rural gradient. Field study plots were established in forest edge zones of each p...
We characterized soil communities in the Mojave Desert across an elevation gradient. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that as soil quality improved with increasing elevation (due to increased productivity), the diversity of soil prokaryotes and ne...
Foam-filled honeycombs have been widely applied due to their excellent load transfer mitigation and energy absorption capacity. In the present study, a layered graded foam concrete-filled auxetic honeycomb was proposed by tuning its overall compressi...
Persistence of tidal wetlands under conditions of sea level rise depends on vertical accretion of organic and inorganic matter, which vary in their relative abundance across estuarine gradients. We examined the relative contribution of organic and in...
Octet lattice cylindrical shell combines the stretching-dominated load transfer of Octet lattices with the geometric characteristics of the cylindrical shell, but the effects of different density gradients under different compression directions remai...
This paper presents simulation results of the interaction of TiC nanoparticle in liquid aluminum. The behavior of the TiC particle in the frontal interaction region stems from the operation of a system of such forces as gravity, viscous flow drag for...
The mitigation of water flooding in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) at relatively high current densities is indispensable for enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a 2D multicomponent LBM model is dev...
The presented research aims to find a data-driven formula for the compressive stress–strain behaviour of closed-cell aluminium foams with respect to the apparent density of the material. This is a continuation and new development of an earlier...
Black soils in Qiqihar City are comprised primarily of black soil. They have been extensively exploited for agriculture. To investigate the spatial distribution of soils in this region, we analyze 72 samples collected from Tailai, Longjiang, and Gann...
This work presents an integrated multiphase flow model for downhole pressure predictions with the purpose of producing relatively more accurate predictions under wide-flowing conditions while maintaining a simple form. As a component of the integrate...
17 November 2022
Rapid urbanization has reshaped land cover and the ecological environment, potentially improving or deteriorating soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the response of SOC to urbanization has not yet been fully exploited. Herein, by using the land-use...
In this article, problems associated with the fabrication of ZnO-based ceramics in the form of large-diameter hollow cylinders with a large ratio of height h to wall thickness ∆r (h/∆r ≥ 3) by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method we...
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices are promising lightweight impact absorbers, but high-fidelity finite element modeling is costly, and uniform designs can develop high stress peaks during densification. This study presents a voxel-based...
Stand density is an important index of forest structure, which strongly affects local environments and functions in the forest. Many black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations with low quality in the Loess hilly region are assumed to be caused b...
Fracture seepage is an important aspect of groundwater research, but due to the closure of fractures and the randomness of wall surface roughness, it is a challenge to carry out relevant research. Numerical simulation serves as a good way to solve th...
Efficient small-scale hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a key pathway for advancing green hydrogen technologies. This study experimentally investigates a five-cell zero-gap PEM electrolyzer stack to evaluate energ...
To evaluate the early-stage effects of different mangrove species on macrobenthic communities along the southern coast of Quanzhou Bay, this study examined restoration sites dominated by K. obovata (Q), A. corniculatum (T), and A. marina (B), togethe...
In this study, the graded hierarchical hexagonal honeycomb (GHHH) integrating gradient design and hierarchical design was fabricated using the 3D-printing technique, and its in-plane elastic properties were investigated theoretically, experimentally,...
European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) are important given their economic, recreational and ecological value. However, uncontrolled roe deer numbers can result in negative impacts on forest regeneration and agricultural crops, disease transmissio...
Functionally graded lattice structures have attracted much attention in engineering due to their excellent mechanical performance resulting from their optimized and application-specific properties. These structures are inspired by nature and are impo...
Marine snow aggregates often dominate carbon export from the surface layer to the deep ocean. Therefore, understanding the formation and properties of aggregates is essential to the study of the biological pump. Previous studies have observed a relat...
Directed energy deposition (DED), as an additive manufacturing technology, has shown unique advantages in multi-material additive manufacturing and remanufacturing. In this study, two types in-situ alloyed CrCoNi medium entropy alloys that have thin-...
Titanium alloy bone scaffolds have been widely used in the clinical treatment of bone defects. However, conventional titanium alloy bone scaffolds exhibit a lack of porous structure and excessively high elastic modulus, resulting in poor osseointegra...
This study presents a computational comparison of 24 lattice topologies over their geometrically feasible relative density ranges. Conjugate heat transfer simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent 2024 R2 using 10 mm unit cells, inlet air at 300 K a...
Uniform and graded BCC lattice cylindrical shells were proposed, and the corresponding structural specimens were fabricated with 316L stainless steel material. Experimental testing and numerical simulations were both utilized to investigate the quasi...
Porous materials are a new type of engineering material with both functional and structural properties. Compared with regular porous structures and random porous structures, a gradient porous structure is a porous structure with a spatial variation m...
The process of exchange and transport between salt and fresh water is affected by not only convection due to the density gradient but also turbulence. In this study, a high resolution mathematical model of the intrusion movement of saltwater in an es...
The electron acceleration, in a laser wakefield accelerator, controlled through plasma density inhomogeneity is studied on a basis of 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The acceleration requires a concordance of the density scale length and...
In this article, a cluster comprised of eight Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) receivers surrounding five supplemental test stations located on much shorter baselines is used to form a composite multi-scale network for the purpose of i...
Functional graded materials are gaining increasing attention in tissue engineering (TE) due to their superior mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) has the capability to produce smooth surfaces and in...
Urban forests are an essential part of adaptation and mitigation solutions for climate change. To understand the relationship between carbon storage, sequestration, and stand density in the most heavily-managed aspect of the urban forest—street...
In this paper, a discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a finite element method (FEM) was used to elucidate the impact of packing structures and size ratios on the cold die compaction behavior of pure copper powders. HCP structure, SC structure,...
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