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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals
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Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 2495

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chrissy Eckstrand

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Shreiber School of Veterinary Medicine, Rowan University, Mullica Hill, NJ 08062, USA
Interests: viruses; discovery; pathology; infectious disease; veterinary

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infections affecting wild and domestic animals are a critical intersectional component of One Health and are thus of increasing international interest. Evidence of this is highlighted in recent years by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has affected many animal species worldwide, as well as the ongoing devastating transmission events of highly pathogenic avian influenza in a variety of terrestrial, avian, and marine-living animals, both wild and domestic. As such, the need to deepen our understanding of viral pathogenesis, detection, diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease ecology in animals is vital. In this Special Issue entitled “Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals”, we aim to improve our knowledge of known, uncharacterized, emerging, and zoonotic viral infections to further meet the challenges affecting animal health in increasingly globalized environments for the betterment of all species.

Dr. Chrissy Eckstrand
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virus
  • animals
  • zoonotic
  • emerging disease
  • pathogenesis
  • wildlife
  • domestic animals
  • veterinary
  • veterinary pathology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1202 KiB  
Article
First Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Circulation Among Dogs in the Bulgarian Danube Region and Analysis of Some Risk Factors
by Nikolina Rusenova and Anton Rusenov
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(4), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040373 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 207
Abstract
This study aimed to assess West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus seroprevalence among the dog population in the Danube region, Bulgaria, to confirm the results of ELISA by the virus neutralisation test (VNT), as well as to analyse several risk factors of [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus seroprevalence among the dog population in the Danube region, Bulgaria, to confirm the results of ELISA by the virus neutralisation test (VNT), as well as to analyse several risk factors of seropositivity in dogs. To implement this, a total of 201 blood samples were collected from dogs in four districts bordering the Danube River. All the samples were tested for anti-WNV protein E antibodies using competitive ELISA. Neutralising antibodies against WNV and Usutu virus were tested in all the ELISA-positive samples. The results show a WNV seroprevalence of 45.3% (n = 91, CI = 36.45–55.59) by ELISA, whereas the virus neutralisation test indicated a seroprevalence of 21.9% (n = 44, CI = 15.91–29.39). Neutralising antibodies against Usutu virus were detected for the first time in Bulgaria, with a prevalence of 6% (n = 12, CI = 3.09–10.43). Compared to VNT, ELISA demonstrated 100.0% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity. The region (p < 0.0187), the district (p = 0.0258) and the ages of the dogs (p = 0.0180) were identified as statistically significant risk factors associated with WNV seropositivity. This study provides indirect evidence of WNV and Usutu virus circulation among dogs in the Danube region of Bulgaria, highlighting a potential risk for susceptible hosts in the area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals)
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12 pages, 3573 KiB  
Article
Breaking the PRRSV-2 Life Cycle in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages: Tylvalosin’s Multi-Stage Inhibition
by Hui An, Yuhan Zhao, Xiaohong Deng, Wei Hu, Xia Zhang, Shuo Zheng, Longshuai Yao, Fanliang Meng, Zheng Fang, Fanghua Xu, Jianhua Qiu, Ning Li and Gang Wang
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(4), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040348 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 423
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious diseases threatening the swine industry worldwide. However, no satisfactory control strategy has existed until now. In this study, the effectiveness of tylvalosin against PRRSV and the underlying mechanism was investigated. The [...] Read more.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious diseases threatening the swine industry worldwide. However, no satisfactory control strategy has existed until now. In this study, the effectiveness of tylvalosin against PRRSV and the underlying mechanism was investigated. The results showed that in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), tylvalosin can inhibit the replication of the NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains in a dose-dependent manner. It is worth noting that pre-incubation with tylvalosin had no significant inhibitory effect on the NADC30-like strain but did inhibit the NADC34-like strain. Co-incubation of both viruses and tylvalosin or post-incubation with tylvalosin after viral infection inhibited PRRSV. We further analyzed the effect of tylvalosin on different stages of PRRSV replication and found that the stages in the PRRSV life cycle could be blocked by tylvalosin. Tylvalosin has an antiviral effect on all four stages of the NADC34-like strain’s infectious cycle but has no effect against the adsorption phase of the NADC30-like strain. These results demonstrated that tylvalosin suppressed PRRSV infection in PAMs and inhibited PRRSV infection at multiple steps of the viral life cycle. This study will contribute to the clinical prevention and control of PRRS and provide a basis for further exploration of the anti-PRRSV effects of tylvalosin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals)
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13 pages, 4558 KiB  
Article
PABPC4 Inhibits SADS-CoV Replication by Degrading the Nucleocapsid Protein Through Selective Autophagy
by Chenchen Zhao, Yan Qin, Haixin Huang, Wei Chen, Yanqing Hu, Xinyu Zhang, Yuying Li, Tian Lan and Wenchao Sun
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(3), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12030257 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 476
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel enteric coronavirus that causes severe clinical diarrhea and intestinal pathological injury in pigs. Selective autophagy is an important mechanism of host defense against virus invasion. However, the mechanism through which SADS-CoV-mediated selective autophagy mediates [...] Read more.
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel enteric coronavirus that causes severe clinical diarrhea and intestinal pathological injury in pigs. Selective autophagy is an important mechanism of host defense against virus invasion. However, the mechanism through which SADS-CoV-mediated selective autophagy mediates the innate immune response remains unknown. Here, we report that the host protein PABPC4 can inhibit SADS-CoV replication through targeting and degrading its N protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PABPC4 recruits MARCHF8 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), which ubiquitinates the N protein and is degraded via NDP52/CALCOCO2 (a selective autophagy cargo receptor). Taken together, these findings reveal a new mechanism by which PABPC4 inhibits virus replication, and reveal a new target for antiviral drug development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals)
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14 pages, 2224 KiB  
Article
Application of 12C6 Heavy Ion-Irradiated BHK-21 Cells in Production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine
by Xiangdong Song, Shiyu Tao, Fanglan An, Xiaoming Li, Jingcai Yang, Yan Cui and Xuerong Liu
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020167 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 693
Abstract
FMD poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and public health security. This study aims to investigate an innovative method for producing FMD vaccines. Wild-type BHK-21 cells were subjected to heavy ion irradiation. Following the optimization of irradiation parameters, the mutant cell line [...] Read more.
FMD poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and public health security. This study aims to investigate an innovative method for producing FMD vaccines. Wild-type BHK-21 cells were subjected to heavy ion irradiation. Following the optimization of irradiation parameters, the mutant cell line BHK-7 was selected using the limited dilution method. The concentration of FMDV 146S in the BHK-7 cells was markedly elevated, significantly enhancing FMDV replication. The suspension culture and domestication experiments demonstrated that BHK-7 exhibited characteristics like those of the control BHK-21 cells, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs. The metabolic analysis of the BHK-7 suspension cultures indicated that glutamine (GLN) may play a crucial role in FMDV replication, with the addition of an appropriate amount of GLN enhancing viral replication levels. Ten successive generations of BHK-7 cells showed stability in FMDV replication post-domestication, indicating good genetic stability. In this study, we obtained a mutant somatic cell line, BHK-7, which promotes FMDV replication through heavy ion irradiation technology. Through suspension culture domestication and metabolic analysis, this study provides a novel approach and concept for FMD vaccine production, as well as a reference for the development of other vaccine cell lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals)
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8 pages, 859 KiB  
Brief Report
High SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Feline Residents of a Cat Café in Texas, United States, 2021–2022
by Cassandra Durden, Lisa D. Auckland, Wendy Tang, Gabriel L. Hamer and Sarah A. Hamer
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(4), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040389 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 243
Abstract
Congregate animal settings can serve as foci for the increased transmission of pathogens, including zoonoses. Domestic cats have been shown to be reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 but the public health importance of infected cats has not yet been determined. A population of indoor-only residential [...] Read more.
Congregate animal settings can serve as foci for the increased transmission of pathogens, including zoonoses. Domestic cats have been shown to be reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 but the public health importance of infected cats has not yet been determined. A population of indoor-only residential cats at a cat café in central Texas with a high level of human interaction was evaluated for infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a longitudinal study in 2021–2022. Among 25 cats, none were qRT-PCR-positive, while 50% harbored SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, including 1 that remained seropositive for >8 months. The high level of human exposure in this unique congregate cat setting—in which dozens of new visitors interact with the cats every day—likely facilitated the human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that led to a 50% infection prevalence in cats. This work was conducted when the Delta and Omicron variants predominated. Given that feline susceptibility to infection and shedding of a virus may vary across different viral variants, veterinary surveillance may be an important component of veterinary and human health risk assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Wild and Domestic Animals)
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