To determine the rate of parental stress within a pediatric ophthalmology population, parents in an urban or suburban community pediatric ophthalmology clinic were administered the Parental Stress Index Short Form survey. Demographic information and...
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy. If left untreated, Rb can result in death within 1–2 years. However, with timely detection and proper treatment, the survival rate is as high as 98%. The primary goal of Rb treatmen...
Process mining (PM) and process simulation (PS) are key disciplines for analyzing, optimizing, and improving processes to support decision-making. In recent years, the healthcare sector has significantly increased the adoption of PM tools and has sho...
Background: Myopia progression in children is a growing public health concern, with increasing evidence suggesting that lifestyle factors may influence its development. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of regular badminton activity...
Background: Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) in children is an uncommon but clinically significant condition that may present primarily with neurological or neuro-ophthalmological symptoms rather than typical sinonasal complaints. Owing to the...
Up to 25% of pediatric cataract cases are inherited, with half of the known mutant genes belonging to the crystallin family. Within these, crystallin beta B3 (CRYBB3) has the smallest number of reported variants. Clinical ophthalmological and genetic...
There is limited evidence concerning the association between air pollution and different outpatient visits in moderately polluted areas. This paper investigates the effects of moderate-level air pollution on outpatient visits associated with six cate...
Purpose: Current pediatric ophthalmology practice relies on adult reference values for optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) interpretation due to limited age-appropriate normative data, potentially l...
Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare benign tumor of the sellar and suprasellar region that often compresses the optic pathways, causing significant visual impairment in both children and adults. The early detection and monitoring of optic nerve involvem...
Background/Objectives: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the safety of surgical intervention using anesthesia and ophthalmological parameters in pediatric strabismus patients. The design involved retrospective case series. Methods: The setting wa...
Neovascular glaucoma is a rare and serious condition typically associated with advanced ocular or systemic vascular diseases such as central retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy. This report describes a unique case of neovascular glaucoma p...
Macular holes are uncommon in pediatric patients and are most often associated with ocular trauma. Idiopathic cases are rare and may present as subtle clinical findings and atypical imaging features. We report a case of a 13-year-old boy presenting w...
Ocular surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures, including surgery of the tear ducts, eyelid, cornea and conjunctiva, lens, ocular muscle, and vitreoretinal and iris surgery. Operations are also performed for the removal of tumors, repairs of o...
Geleophysic dysplasia (GD) is a rare genetic skeletal disorder belonging to the acromelic group, characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, thickened skin, and progressive cardiac involvement. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy wi...
Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by bile duct paucity, congenital heart defects, characteristic facial features, skeletal anomalies, and distinctive ocular findings. Although anterior segment an...
Objectives: To develop a proof-of-concept machine learning (ML) neural network model to predict post-operative visual outcomes in children with congenital cataracts undergoing intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, thereby guiding the optimal timing fo...
Vision therapy, also known as behavioral therapy, is theorized by its practitioners to treat a variety of visual disorders, including learning disability in children. However, the utility of vision therapy to treat various learning disabilities is ch...
28 January 2026
Parental stress is a critical yet understudied dimension of childhood total blindness, a condition that imposes substantial developmental, emotional, and functional challenges on families. This cross-sectional study assessed parenting stress, materna...
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Not only do the epidemiologic determinants and distributions of patients with ROP vary worldwide, but clinical differences have also been described. The Third Edition of the...
Non-syndromic pediatric cataracts are defined as opacification of the crystalline lens that occurs during the first years of life without affecting other organs. Given that this disease is one of the most frequent causes of reversible blindness in ch...
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term ocular findings during vosoritide therapy in children with achondroplasia using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this study, pediatric patients...
Conjunctivitis is a common pediatric problem and is broadly divided into infectious and non-infectious etiologies. Bacterial conjunctivitis makes up the majority of cases in children and often presents with purulent discharge and mattering of the eye...
Background/Objectives: To explore potential associations between pediatric obesity and retinal and anterior segment ocular structures using OCT and ocular biometry. This study was designed as an exploratory, hypothesis-generating analysis without a p...
Background/Objectives: A direct link between sensory processing disorder (SPD) and strabismus has not been systematically investigated, though prior studies suggest sensory modulation may influence visual behaviors. Traditional approaches view strabi...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant neoplasm of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of precursor cells of B- or T-lymphocyte lineage. Usually, the disease arises because of spontaneous mutations in...
Background and Objectives: To investigate the etiology, clinical features, ocular complications, and visual outcomes in children with infectious uveitis referred to a tertiary uveitis hospital-based service. Materials and Methods: Children with infec...
Aims: To investigate the success rate of oral fluorescein angiography (oral FA) in children with ultrawide scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system and whether it can provide images of sufficient quality compared with intravenous FA (IVFA). Methods...
Background/Objectives: Early detection and timely treatment of amblyopia require reliable visual acuity testing in toddlers; however, conventional Landolt ring charts often show poor testability in 2–3-year-old children. Therefore, we aimed to...
Background and Objectives: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience visual problems, yet their ophthalmic health remains underexplored due to testability challenges and limited-service access. This study evaluated ophthalmic scre...
Background: Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, are the leading causes of visual impairment in school-aged children and can significantly impact their academic performance and quality of life. This study aimed to assess t...
The purpose of this study was to develop a new pediatric acuity chart that can assess the minimum separation threshold by incorporating the minimum separation threshold into the picture. To overcome the design limitations of the Landolt ring, two des...
There is no consensus on whether amblyopia affects the retinal vascular plexus and morphology. Previous studies focused on the differences between amblyopic patients and normal controls without evaluating amblyopic eyes after patching. To evaluate di...
Background: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes demyelination of both the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Objective: This study aims to report a unique MLD case presenting with cra...
14 January 2015
Orbital emphysema is commonly associated with fractures of the orbital floor or medial wall. The air often dissipates spontaneously, but rarely can cause increased intraocular pressure and even loss of vision. Entrapment of the extraocular muscles ca...
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMSs) in slowing myopia progression in pediatric patients as a function of age. Methods: This was a non-randomized experimenter-masked...
Background: Childhood blindness remains a neglected issue in eye care within low-income countries, with congenital and juvenile cataracts being the most common treatable causes. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the management of...
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically diverse group of progressive degenerative disorders that can result in severe visual impairment or complete blindness. Despite their predominantly monogenic inheritance patterns, the...
Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity is a significant health concern also capable of impacting ocular health. This study evaluates the effects of childhood obesity on corneal morphology, anterior chamber parameters, intraocular pressure (IOP), an...
Background/Objectives: Uncorrected refractive errors (UREs) are a primary cause of preventable visual impairment in children globally, impacting education and quality of life. In Jakarta, prevalence has surged to 40% post-pandemic, categorizing it as...
Background/Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) provide detailed measurements of retinal structure and vasculature; however, age-related differences in how these parameters correlate with one another remain poorl...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric ocular surface disease associated with ocular rosacea, chronic blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction may result in significant corneal morbidity. In refractory cases, the limitations of conventional therapy have...
This study aims to investigate the effect of age on the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) thickness among schoolchildren. A total of 4034 children aged 6–8 years old received comprehensive ophthalmological examinations. p-RNFL th...
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease common in children and young adults. Uveitis is the most frequent serious extra-articular JIA manifestation and can lead to severe ocular complications, vision loss, and permanent...
Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of cycloplegic (CR) versus non-cycloplegic refraction (NCR) methods in detecting refractive errors among children and adolescents. Methods: Electronic data from pediatric ophthalmology c...
MEK inhibitors (MEKi) represent innovative and promising treatments for managing manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). To mitigate potential ophthalmic side effects, such as MEKi-associated retinopathy (MEKAR), patients undergoing MEKi th...
Background: To date, no study has specifically examined children with acute-onset pupillary motility disorders (APMD). Especially in the Emergency Department (ED), it is crucial to distinguish benign and transient conditions from life-threatening or...
The eye’s complex anatomical structures present formidable barriers to effective drug delivery across a range of ocular diseases, from anterior to posterior segment pathologies. Emerging as a promising solution to these challenges, nanotechnolo...
Background/Objectives: Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neuro-oculocutaneous disorder characterized by leptomeningeal angioma, naevus flammeus, and ocular manifestations, including diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH). This study compares th...
Headache is the most common neurologic complaint that presents to the pediatrician. While most headaches are benign in nature, patients must be carefully evaluated to rule out life- or vision-threatening causes. Non-benign etiologies of headache may...
Background/Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of strabismus and surgical outcomes in pediatric hydrocephalus (HC) patients, and compare the results in patients with and without ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery....
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