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Search Results (209)

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Keywords = occupational and environmental risk factors

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22 pages, 1654 KiB  
Article
Astaxanthin Attenuates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Pulmonary Cytotoxicity by Modulating Mitochondrial Redox and Inflammatory Pathways
by Mediha Demet Okudan Altındaş and Adem Güner
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(8), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080663 - 17 Aug 2025
Viewed by 164
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide, is known to induce pulmonary toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived primarily from marine microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis), possesses strong antioxidant properties and has demonstrated cellular protective effects in numerous oxidative [...] Read more.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide, is known to induce pulmonary toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived primarily from marine microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis), possesses strong antioxidant properties and has demonstrated cellular protective effects in numerous oxidative stress studies. However, its efficacy against CPF-induced lung cell damage remains uncharacterized. This study revealed the protective role of ASX, as a pretreatment and co-treatment, against CPF-induced cytotoxicity in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells by assessing cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (IROS), total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis/inflammation-associated gene expression. CPF treatment significantly decreased cell viability and TAC, while elevating IROS, TOS, MMP, intracellular Ca2+, and LDH release. CPF also increased MDA levels and suppressed GPx and SOD activities. DNA fragmentation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed upregulation of pro-apoptotic and inflammatory markers such as BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), caspase-3 (CASP3), tumor protein p53 (TP53), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and suppression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and antioxidant defense genes nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). ASX treatment, particularly when administered as a pretreatment, significantly reversed CPF-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by restoring SOD, GPx, and TAC levels, reducing IROS, TOS, MDA, and LDH release, and downregulating apoptotic and inflammatory gene expressions. ASX pretreatment notably decreased MMP and intracellular Ca2+ levels, indicating protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dysregulation. ASX upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and restored the BCL2/BAX balance, suggesting inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, ASX significantly attenuated CPF-induced anti-angiogenic effects in the in ovo Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that ASX exerts a broad spectrum of protective effects against CPF-induced cytotoxicity in lung cells, mainly through the stabilization of mitochondrial redox status and modulation of apoptosis- and inflammation-related gene pathways, highlighting ASX as a promising candidate for further therapeutic development. Furthermore, the pronounced efficacy observed in the pretreatment regimen suggests that ASX can be evaluated as a potential nutritional preventive strategy in high-risk populations with occupational or environmental CPF exposure. Full article
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23 pages, 6938 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Detection of Cognitive Stress in Subway Train Operators Using Multimodal Electrophysiological and Behavioral Signals
by Xinyi Yang and Lu Yu
Symmetry 2025, 17(8), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081298 - 11 Aug 2025
Viewed by 346
Abstract
Subway train operators face the risk of cumulative cognitive stress due to factors such as visual fatigue from prolonged high-speed tunnel driving, irregular shift patterns, and the monotony of automated operations. This can lead to cognitive decline and human error accidents. Current monitoring [...] Read more.
Subway train operators face the risk of cumulative cognitive stress due to factors such as visual fatigue from prolonged high-speed tunnel driving, irregular shift patterns, and the monotony of automated operations. This can lead to cognitive decline and human error accidents. Current monitoring of cognitive stress risk predominantly relies on single-modal methods, which are susceptible to environmental interference and offer limited accuracy. This study proposes an intelligent multimodal framework for cognitive stress monitoring by leveraging the symmetry principles in physiological and behavioral manifestations. The symmetry of photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms and the bilateral symmetry of head movements serve as critical indicators reflecting autonomic nervous system homeostasis and cognitive load. By integrating these symmetry-based features, this study constructs a spatiotemporal dynamic feature set through fusing physiological signals such as PPG and galvanic skin response (GSR) with head and facial behavioral features. Furthermore, leveraging deep learning techniques, a hybrid PSO-CNN-GRU-Attention model is developed. Within this model, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm dynamically adjusts hyperparameters, and an attention mechanism is introduced to weight multimodal features, enabling precise assessment of cognitive stress states. Experiments were conducted using a full-scale subway driving simulator, collecting data from 50 operators to validate the model’s feasibility. Results demonstrate that the complementary nature of multimodal physiological signals and behavioral features effectively overcomes the limitations of single-modal data, yielding significantly superior model performance. The PSO-CNN-GRU-Attention model achieved a predictive coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.89029 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.00461, outperforming the traditional BiLSTM model by approximately 22%. This research provides a high-accuracy, non-invasive solution for detecting cognitive stress in subway operators, offering a scientific basis for occupational health management and the formulation of safe driving intervention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Engineering and Materials)
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8 pages, 208 KiB  
Article
Multiple Primary Melanomas: Clinical and Genetic Insights for Risk-Stratified Surveillance in a Tertiary Center
by Marta Cebolla-Verdugo, Francisco Manuel Almazán-Fernández, Francisco Ramos-Pleguezuelos and Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(8), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15080343 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 229
Abstract
Background: Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at increased risk of developing multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). Identifying clinical and genetic factors associated with MPM is critical for implementing personalized surveillance strategies. This study aims to describe the clinical, histopathological, and genetic characteristics of patients [...] Read more.
Background: Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at increased risk of developing multiple primary melanomas (MPMs). Identifying clinical and genetic factors associated with MPM is critical for implementing personalized surveillance strategies. This study aims to describe the clinical, histopathological, and genetic characteristics of patients with MPM managed in a tertiary hospital and to contextualize findings within the current literature. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with two or more primary melanomas between 2010 and 2023 at a tertiary dermatology unit. Demographic data, personal and family cancer history, phototype, melanoma characteristics, genetic testing, staging, treatments, and outcomes were collected. These data were compared with findings from the recent literature. Results: Thirteen patients (ten males, three females; median age: 59 years) were found to have a total of 33 melanomas. Most patients had Fitzpatrick phototype II and no immunosuppression. The number of melanomas per patient ranged from two to five. Synchronous lesions were observed in two patients. Common locations included the trunk and extremities. Histologically, 57% were in situ melanomas, and subsequent melanomas were generally thinner than the index lesion. Two patients showed progression to advanced disease. One patient was positive for MC1R mutation; the rest were negative or inconclusive. Additional phenotypic and environmental risk factors were extracted from patient records and are summarized as follows: Ten patients (76.9%) had Fitzpatrick skin phototype II, and three (23.1%) had phototype III. Chronic occupational sun exposure was reported in four patients (30.8%), while five (38.5%) recalled having suffered multiple sunburns during childhood or adolescence. Eight patients (61.5%) presented with a total nevus count exceeding 50, and five (38.5%) exhibited clinically atypical nevi. None of the patients reported use of tanning beds. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the existing literature indicating that patients with MPM often present with thinner subsequent melanomas and require long-term dermatologic follow-up. The inclusion of genetic testing and phenotypic risk factors enables stratified surveillance and supports the application of personalized medicine in melanoma management. Full article
15 pages, 790 KiB  
Review
A Review of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure Patterns and Risks Among Occupational Populations
by Huimin Li, Ruiqi Ren, Wenqing Bai, Zhaohe Li, Jiayi Zhang, Yao Liu, Rui Sun, Fei Wang, Dan Li, Chao Li, Guoqing Shi and Lei Zhou
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080704 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 791
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose significant risks to occupational populations engaged in poultry farming, livestock handling, and live poultry market operations due to frequent exposure to infected animals and contaminated environments. This review synthesizes evidence on AIV exposure patterns and risk factors through [...] Read more.
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose significant risks to occupational populations engaged in poultry farming, livestock handling, and live poultry market operations due to frequent exposure to infected animals and contaminated environments. This review synthesizes evidence on AIV exposure patterns and risk factors through a comprehensive analysis of viral characteristics, host dynamics, environmental influences, and human behaviors. The main routes of transmission include direct animal contact, respiratory contact during slaughter/milking, and environmental contamination (aerosols, raw milk, shared equipment). Risks increase as the virus adapts between species, survives longer in cold/wet conditions, and spreads through wild bird migration (long-distance transmission) and live bird trade (local transmission). Recommended control measures include integrated animal–human–environment surveillance, stringent biosecurity measures, vaccination, and education. These findings underscore the urgent need for global ‘One Health’ collaboration to assess risk and implement preventive measures against potentially pandemic strains of influenza A viruses, especially in light of undetected mild/asymptomatic cases and incomplete knowledge of viral evolution. Full article
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18 pages, 1330 KiB  
Review
Metallothionein and Other Factors Influencing Cadmium-Induced Kidney Dysfunction: Review and Commentary
by Gunnar F. Nordberg and Monica Nordberg
Biomolecules 2025, 15(8), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15081083 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 432
Abstract
Cadmium is widely recognized as an important environmental toxicant that may give rise to kidney dysfunction, bone disease, and cancer in humans and animals. Kidney dysfunction occurs at very low exposures and is often considered as the most sensitive or critical effect. Cadmium [...] Read more.
Cadmium is widely recognized as an important environmental toxicant that may give rise to kidney dysfunction, bone disease, and cancer in humans and animals. Kidney dysfunction occurs at very low exposures and is often considered as the most sensitive or critical effect. Cadmium exposures of concern occur in many countries. In low- and middle-income countries with small-scale mining, excessive exposure to cadmium and other metals occurs in occupational and environmental settings. This is of particular importance in view of the growing demand for metals in global climate change mitigation. Since the 1970s, the present authors have contributed evidence concerning the role of metallothionein and other factors in influencing the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium, particularly as it relates to the development of adverse effects on kidneys in humans and animals. The findings gave a background to the development of biomarkers employed in epidemiological studies, demonstrating the important role of metallothionein in protection against cadmium-induced kidney dysfunction in humans. Studies in cadmium-exposed population groups demonstrated how biomarkers of kidney dysfunction changed during 8 years after drastic lowering of environmental cadmium exposure. Other epidemiological studies showed the impact of a good zinc status in lowering the prevalence of cadmium-related kidney dysfunction. Increased susceptibility to Cd-induced kidney dysfunction was shown in a population with high exposure to inorganic arsenic when compared with a group with low such exposure. Several national and international organizations have used part of the reviewed information, but the metallothionein-related biomarkers and the interaction effects have not been fully considered. We hope that these data sets will also be included and improve risk assessments and preventive measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances of Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications)
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23 pages, 2437 KiB  
Article
From Farmworkers to Urban Residents: Mapping Multi-Class Pesticide Exposure Gradients in Morocco via Urinary Biomonitoring
by Zineb Ben Khadda, Andrei-Flavius Radu, Souleiman El Balkhi, Fagroud Mustapha, Yahya El Karmoudi, Gabriela Bungau, Pierre Marquet, Tarik Sqalli Houssaini and Sanae Achour
J. Xenobiot. 2025, 15(4), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox15040120 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 421
Abstract
Pesticide exposure gradients between occupational, para-occupational, and general populations remain poorly characterized in North African agricultural contexts. This study evaluates urinary pesticide levels among farmers, indirectly exposed individuals, and a control group in Morocco’s Fez-Meknes region. A cross-sectional survey measured pesticide concentrations using [...] Read more.
Pesticide exposure gradients between occupational, para-occupational, and general populations remain poorly characterized in North African agricultural contexts. This study evaluates urinary pesticide levels among farmers, indirectly exposed individuals, and a control group in Morocco’s Fez-Meknes region. A cross-sectional survey measured pesticide concentrations using LC-MS/MS in urine samples collected from 154 adults residing in both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire was used to gather information from participants regarding factors that may elevate the risk of pesticide exposure. The results revealed that farmers exhibited the highest concentrations of pesticides in their urine, including compounds classified as Ia/Ib by the World Health Organization. Indirectly exposed individuals showed moderate levels of contamination, with notable detections such as dichlofluanid (22.13 µg/L), while the control group had residual traces of neonicotinoids, notably imidacloprid (2.05 µg/L). Multivariate analyses revealed several sociodemographic factors significantly associated with increased pesticide exposure. The main risk factors identified included low education, residence in an agricultural area, and the consumption of untreated water (wells/rivers). Conversely, wearing personal protective equipment was associated with reduced urinary concentrations. This study highlights intense occupational exposure among farmers, secondary environmental contamination among residents living near treated areas, and the widespread dispersion of pesticide residues into urban areas. Full article
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15 pages, 845 KiB  
Article
Three Decades of Trends in Risk Factors Attributed to Disease Burden in Saudi Arabia: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
by Amal Zaidan
Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1717; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141717 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 533
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the burden attributable to different groups of risk factors (environmental/occupational, behavioral, and metabolic) in Saudi Arabia that were stratified by gender and year and measured by summary exposure values (SEVs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000. [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the burden attributable to different groups of risk factors (environmental/occupational, behavioral, and metabolic) in Saudi Arabia that were stratified by gender and year and measured by summary exposure values (SEVs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000. Design: This study was structured as a systematic analysis. Methods: Using the GBD 2021 data, we extracted information on different risk factors attributed to the disease burden in Saudi Arabia to quantify the differences in exposure value (SEV) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates (per 100,000) between females and males across different years. Results: Over the years, sustained progress in reducing the number of DALYs attributable to specific environmental and occupational risks has been observed, as well as a slight decrease in some behavioral risks. The highest disease burden was attributed to metabolic and behavioral risk factors, with body mass index being the leading risk factor for both genders. Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized DALY rate in those with high body mass indices increased by 168.4% and reached 3436.23 (95% UI 1878.7–5031.5) in males and increased by 125.2% to reach 2952.6 (95% UI 1456.9–4.407) in females. The age-standardized SEVs were the highest in females with a high body mass index, reaching an SEV of 57.98 (95% UI: 64.1–49.2), and in males, an SEV of 50.75 (95% UI: 57.1–42.3) was achieved. Regarding their attributable deaths in 2021, metabolic risk factors were identified as the primary contributors to NCD mortality in 2021. Conclusions: These results reveal persistent health disparities between males and females, underscoring the urgent need for gender-specific research, policies, and interventions. Strategies aimed at promoting health and reducing disease burden should acknowledge the unique health challenges encountered by males and females. Full article
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16 pages, 839 KiB  
Review
Occupational Radiation Exposure and Thyroid Nodules in Healthcare Workers: A Review
by Aikaterini Andreadi, Stella Andreadi, Marco Cerilli, Federica Todaro, Massimiliano Lazzaroni, Pietro Lodeserto, Marco Meloni, Cristiana Ferrari, Alfonso Bellia, Luca Coppeta, Andrea Magrini and Davide Lauro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(13), 6522; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136522 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 695
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding, with their prevalence influenced by multiple environmental and occupational factors, including exposure to ionizing radiation. Healthcare workers, particularly those operating in radiology, nuclear medicine, interventional cardiology, and radiation oncology, are potentially at increased risk due to [...] Read more.
Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding, with their prevalence influenced by multiple environmental and occupational factors, including exposure to ionizing radiation. Healthcare workers, particularly those operating in radiology, nuclear medicine, interventional cardiology, and radiation oncology, are potentially at increased risk due to chronic low-dose radiation exposure. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence regarding the association between occupational radiation exposure and the development of thyroid nodules among healthcare professionals. The findings suggest a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in radiation-exposed workers compared to the general population, although data heterogeneity and methodological limitations exist. Factors such as the duration of exposure, radiation protection practices, and frequency of monitoring play critical roles in modulating the individual risk. While some studies report no significant difference in malignancy rates, the increased detection of nodules underlines the need for regular thyroid surveillance in at-risk populations. Further longitudinal and multicentric studies are warranted to clarify the causality and guide preventive strategies. This review highlights the importance of occupational health protocols, including radiation shielding and periodic thyroid evaluation, in safeguarding the long-term endocrine health of healthcare workers. Full article
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13 pages, 645 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Airborne Phenol and Biological Monitoring of Accumulation Trends
by Gyu-Jin Sim, Sun-Haeng Choi and Ki-Youn Kim
Healthcare 2025, 13(13), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13131516 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 477
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between occupational exposure to airborne phenol and its biological accumulation in chemical plant workers, with a particular focus on urinary phenol levels. It also explores the influence of job roles, employment duration, protective equipment use, and personal [...] Read more.
Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between occupational exposure to airborne phenol and its biological accumulation in chemical plant workers, with a particular focus on urinary phenol levels. It also explores the influence of job roles, employment duration, protective equipment use, and personal lifestyle habits on internal exposure. Methods: A cohort of bisphenol A (BPA) manufacturing workers was classified based on job tasks and exposure characteristics. Airborne phenol concentrations were measured using standard occupational hygiene methods, and urinary phenol levels were analyzed before and after work shifts. Statistical analyses examined associations between phenol exposure and occupational and behavioral variables. Results: Urinary phenol levels significantly increased after work shifts, particularly among workers involved in cleaning tasks. A strong correlation was observed between airborne phenol concentrations and urinary levels, indicating that even low-level environmental exposure can result in measurable biological accumulation. Notably, workers who did not use personal protective equipment or who reported smoking showed higher internal phenol burdens. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of integrating biological monitoring with conventional exposure assessments in phenol-handling workplaces. Effective exposure control should include improved ventilation, strict compliance with personal protective equipment use, and health education programs that address modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to reduce occupational health risks associated with phenol exposure. Full article
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21 pages, 1038 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Risk Management in Construction Through a Hybrid Fuzzy WINGS-ANP Method for Assessing Negative Impacts During Open Caisson Sinking
by Katarzyna Gałek-Bracha
Sustainability 2025, 17(13), 5848; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135848 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 358
Abstract
Modern challenges in civil engineering require decision-making that supports the development of technologies in line with sustainable development principles, including minimizing environmental impact and improving occupational safety. Open caisson sinking, commonly used in underground construction, is particularly prone to generating complex negative impacts [...] Read more.
Modern challenges in civil engineering require decision-making that supports the development of technologies in line with sustainable development principles, including minimizing environmental impact and improving occupational safety. Open caisson sinking, commonly used in underground construction, is particularly prone to generating complex negative impacts that affect construction quality, material efficiency, and working conditions. This study aims to identify the cause-and-effect relationships and assess the intensity of negative impacts associated with the open caisson sinking process. A comprehensive multi-criteria decision-making approach was developed, based on a novel hybrid method combining fuzzy WINGS and Analytic Network Process (ANP). This approach accounts for uncertainties and difficult-to-measure factors, providing a valuable tool for supporting complex engineering decisions. The proposed method facilitates improvements in process quality, reduces environmental risk, and helps eliminate typical execution errors. Research findings confirm that mitigating adverse impacts during caisson sinking enhances sustainable risk management in construction and supports rational decision-making under uncertainty. The method is universal and applicable in other domains requiring cause–effect analysis and the evaluation of impact intensity, especially in the context of implementing sustainable construction management practices. Full article
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12 pages, 1120 KiB  
Case Report
First Case of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Vibrio metschnikovii: Clinico-Diagnostic Complexities and a Systematic Literature Review
by Alessandro Carrozzo, Vittorio Bolcato, Luigi Martinelli, Ferdinando Dodi, Antonella Vulcano, Giuseppe Basile and Livio P. Tronconi
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(7), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15070118 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 493
Abstract
Background: Non-cholera Vibrio species are rare waterborne pathogens that can cause severe infections. Among these, few cases of Vibrio metschnikovii infections have been reported, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, with no cardiac tissue involvement as a result. Following the PRISMA checklist, we conducted [...] Read more.
Background: Non-cholera Vibrio species are rare waterborne pathogens that can cause severe infections. Among these, few cases of Vibrio metschnikovii infections have been reported, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, with no cardiac tissue involvement as a result. Following the PRISMA checklist, we conducted a literature review, and thirteen articles for twenty-two cases overall were included: seven cases of sepsis (in three cases, the echocardiographic results were negative), seven cases of pneumonia, two skin infections, eleven cases of diarrhoea, and a gastroenteritis outbreak. This report documents the expanding clinical spectrum and the role played by V. metschnikovii in infective endocarditis. Case report: A 28-year-old male patient was referred to the cardiac surgery unit for urgent mitral valve replacement due to suspicion of infective endocarditis. Microbiological tests yielded negative results. Following recovery and discharge with antimicrobial therapy for 6 weeks, the patient experienced prosthesis detachment, necessitating re-hospitalisation for an emergency valve replacement. Vibrio metschnikovii was identified on the prosthesis valve through PCR and successfully treated with ciprofloxacin. However, a spontaneous rupture of the ascending thoracic aorta led to a neurological injury. Discussion: This case represents the first case of valve infection caused by Vibrio metschnikovii, characterised by diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and the involvement of the great vessels. Also considered in this case, for a disease with a median age of 58 years (11–83) and a male-to-female ratio of 2.2, were one male neonate and six cases for whom neither sex nor age was indicated. Excluding gastrointestinal cases, the septic forms are associated with high morbidity, although the single case described involved a young and healthy subject. Risk factors for the pathogen or predisposing/pathological conditions for endocarditis did not emerge. The routes and the time of infection could not be determined, deepening the possibility of occupational exposure via the patient’s position as a boat worker. Poor sensitivity to third-generation cephalosporins has been reported in the literature: the absence of an antibiogram does not allow for a comparison, although resolution was achieved with ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The rising global incidence of non-cholera Vibrio infections, driven by environmental changes, calls for urgent research into the factors behind their pathogenicity and infection routes. Diagnostic complexities have emerged together with clinical severity. Full article
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21 pages, 1721 KiB  
Article
Methodology for Identification of Occupational Hazards Using Their Characteristic Features in Hard Coal Mining
by Zbigniew Burtan, Dagmara Nowak-Senderowska and Paweł Szczepański
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 7079; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137079 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
Ensuring employee safety is a top priority for every enterprise, and it is especially critical in high-risk industries like coal mining. To achieve this goal, it is essential to focus efforts on identifying existing hazards and thoroughly assessing the associated risks. Accurate identification [...] Read more.
Ensuring employee safety is a top priority for every enterprise, and it is especially critical in high-risk industries like coal mining. To achieve this goal, it is essential to focus efforts on identifying existing hazards and thoroughly assessing the associated risks. Accurate identification and detailed characterization of occupational hazards play a pivotal role in the occupational risk assessment process, providing the foundation for effective safety strategies. This article presents an analysis of the process of identifying occupational hazards in hard coal mining, based on applicable legal regulations and a review of the relevant literature. The analysis reveals, on the one hand, a diversity of approaches to hazard classification, and on the other, a limited use of the characteristic features of hazards in classification processes. The findings of this review form the basis for proposing a systematic classification of occupational hazards in hard coal mining, taking into account the specific features of hazards in relation to their sources and potential consequences. The proposed classification not only categorizes hazards but also describes the specifics of hazard sources, such as environmental conditions, machinery, chemicals, and human factors, as well as the possible outcomes of these hazards, including physical injury, health impacts, and even fatalities. The aim of this article is to present a proposed classification of occupational hazards in hard coal mining and to provide a detailed characterization of these hazards based on the description of their sources and potential consequences. The proposed approach, grounded in the identification of characteristic features of hazards, facilitates the effective selection of preventive measures that can be implemented to reduce risk and improve workplace safety. Due to the presence of the full spectrum of natural hazards in Polish hard coal mining, the analysis draws on available statistical data, focusing on those hazards that contribute most significantly to fatal accidents and serious injuries. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of a structured and systematic approach to identifying and assessing occupational hazards in the coal mining industry. By drawing on legal and literature-based insights, it aims to contribute to the development of more effective safety practices that protect workers and minimize the occurrence of workplace accidents and illnesses. Full article
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19 pages, 2000 KiB  
Article
Window Frame Design Optimization Analysis Based on Hygrothermal Performance and the Level(s) Framework
by Konstantin Verichev, Carmen Díaz-López, Andrés García-Ruíz and Francisca Valdenegro
Buildings 2025, 15(12), 2126; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15122126 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 421
Abstract
This study investigates the hygrothermal performance of window frames to assess their capacity to prevent surface condensation—a critical factor for indoor air quality and building durability, particularly in humid climates. Driven by the practical need to replace existing aluminum frames with more sustainable [...] Read more.
This study investigates the hygrothermal performance of window frames to assess their capacity to prevent surface condensation—a critical factor for indoor air quality and building durability, particularly in humid climates. Driven by the practical need to replace existing aluminum frames with more sustainable alternatives, the research evaluates standard aluminum frames against modified timber frames designed to replicate the aluminum geometry. Using daily temperature and humidity data from Valdivia, Chile (2023)—a city with a temperate oceanic and humid climate—interior surface temperatures were simulated with HTflux software and compared against dew point values over a relative humidity (RH) range from 40% to 80%. A novel methodology is proposed for verifying the hygrothermal behavior of window frames based on annual performance analysis and highlighting the need to optimize window design according to specific local climate conditions. The results indicate that modified timber frames exhibited consistently lower average interior surface temperatures (by 1.2 °C) and a significantly higher risk of surface condensation compared to aluminum frames, particularly at typical comfort-level indoor humidity conditions (e.g., 167 vs. 100 condensation days at 50% RH). While both materials presented a high risk of condensation under extreme humidity conditions (80% RH), timber frames showed potentially greater severity of condensation. These findings underscore that the proposed timber frame modification is not hygrothermally adequate without strict control of indoor humidity. Anchored in the Level(s) framework, the study emphasizes the critical influence of geometric design on material performance and advocates for holistic, sustainable construction practices that balance energy efficiency, environmental impact, and occupant comfort. It highlights the need for integrated design solutions and effective moisture management to ensure building resilience in humid environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Prospects in Indoor Environment of Buildings)
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11 pages, 632 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Stress Vulnerability and Occupational Noise Perception as Burnout Predictors: Results of an Exploratory Study in Industrial Environments
by Carlos Carvalhais, Luísa Antunes Ribeiro and Cristiana C. Pereira
Environments 2025, 12(6), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12060208 - 17 Jun 2025
Viewed by 577
Abstract
Burnout is a complex phenomenon influenced by both environmental and individual factors. This pilot study explores the predictive role of occupational noise perception and stress vulnerability on burnout symptoms among industrial workers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 119 Portuguese workers exposed to [...] Read more.
Burnout is a complex phenomenon influenced by both environmental and individual factors. This pilot study explores the predictive role of occupational noise perception and stress vulnerability on burnout symptoms among industrial workers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 119 Portuguese workers exposed to occupational noise. Participants completed validated self-report measures assessing noise perception, stress vulnerability, and burnout. Path analysis revealed that both higher stress vulnerability and greater perceived occupational noise were significant predictors of elevated burnout levels. Furthermore, gender emerged as a relevant predictor, with women reporting significantly higher burnout symptoms than men. Age was inversely related to stress vulnerability, indicating greater resilience among older workers. These findings suggest that individual differences in stress vulnerability and noise perception contribute meaningfully to burnout risk, beyond traditional occupational hazard assessments. The study underscores the need for holistic occupational health strategies, integrating both environmental modifications and psychosocial interventions aimed at enhancing workers’ coping capacities. This study contributes novel insights into the interplay between perceived noise and psychological vulnerability in industrial settings, supporting broader preventive measures for work-related mental health outcomes. Full article
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23 pages, 637 KiB  
Article
Self-Care Behaviors, Health Indicators, and Quality of Life: A Comprehensive Study in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients
by Emirjona Kiçaj, Aurela Saliaj, Rudina Çerçizaj, Vasilika Prifti, Sonila Qirko and Liliana Rogozea
Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(6), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15060201 - 4 Jun 2025
Viewed by 813
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life, affecting their physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being. Objectives: This study investigates how self-care habits influence quality of life and key health indicators, such as glycated [...] Read more.
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life, affecting their physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being. Objectives: This study investigates how self-care habits influence quality of life and key health indicators, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood sugar levels, and body mass index (BMI), among newly diagnosed diabetic individuals in Vlore, Albania. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 332 individuals recently diagnosed with diabetes were surveyed between April and July 2024. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activity (SDSCA) surveys. Sociodemographic and clinical information, including age, education, occupation, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and BMI, were collected through structured interviews and medical records. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between self-care behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and quality of life. Results: The findings reveal a low quality of life, with a mean quality of life (QoL) score of 35.33 ± 8.25. Environmental domains were most affected, registering a low QoL score of 30.93 ± 9.04. Significant relationships between QoL, self-care practices, and sociodemographic factors and pathologic factors were found. The analysis indicated that distinct factors influenced various domains of quality of life. Physical health was associated with residence, comorbidities, BMI, and HbA1c, follow-up visits, dietary self-care and physical activity self-care. Psychological health correlated with residence, educational level, BMI, and HbA1c, follow-up visits, dietary, physical activity and foot self-care. Age, occupation, BMI, and physical activity self-care were linked to social relationships. Finally, environmental well-being was influenced by gender, residence, BMI, HbA1c, follow-up visits, and dietary and physical activity self-care. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the quality of life of patients with T2D. Older age, lower education levels, comorbidities, increase in BMI and HbA1c levels, and inadequate self-care were associated with reduced quality of life. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies that promote self-care and support for at-risk groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Evidence-Based Practice and Personalized Care)
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