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Search Results (313)

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Keywords = nano biosensors

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5 pages, 795 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Development of a Nano- and Microfiber Mesh-Based Biosensor for the Rapid Quantification of Human C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
by Alexander Lloyd, Willem Perold and Pieter Fourie
Eng. Proc. 2025, 109(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025109015 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 146
Abstract
Recent investigations into C-reactive protein (CRP) dynamics have shown that by evaluating the change in CRP level in a patient over time, it is possible to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections more accurately thereby guiding antimicrobial prescription practices. Consequently, a biosensor targeted [...] Read more.
Recent investigations into C-reactive protein (CRP) dynamics have shown that by evaluating the change in CRP level in a patient over time, it is possible to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections more accurately thereby guiding antimicrobial prescription practices. Consequently, a biosensor targeted towards CRP was developed using a nano- and microfiber mesh-based transducer. The produced transducers were functionalized with streptavidin, after which a biorecognition element, anti-CRP antibodies, could be bound to the sensor. Confirmation of the sensor production phases was obtained using fluorescence microscopy. The sensors were evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and showed increasing changes in the impedance modulus corresponding to increasing concentrations of CRP in solution following a parabolic trend line. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Micro Manufacturing Convergence Conference)
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11 pages, 5875 KB  
Article
Preferential Adsorption of Single-Stranded DNA on Graphene Oxide with Hydroxyl and Epoxy Groups
by Huishu Ma, Xiaodan Huang, Shijun Wang, Mei Wu, Hanbing Wang, Guowei Shao, Liang Zhao and Xiaoling Lei
Crystals 2025, 15(9), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090800 - 10 Sep 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
The interaction between DNA and two-dimensional materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), has aroused significant research interest due to its potential applications, including biosensors, drug delivery, and gene therapy. However, the difference in interaction between DNA and oxygen functional groups on GO remains [...] Read more.
The interaction between DNA and two-dimensional materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), has aroused significant research interest due to its potential applications, including biosensors, drug delivery, and gene therapy. However, the difference in interaction between DNA and oxygen functional groups on GO remains unclear, and direct observation at the experimental level is still challenging. In this work, we investigated the adsorption process of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) onto GO exhibiting a series of oxidation degrees by molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the ssDNA preferentially binds to hydroxyl groups (-OH) over epoxy groups (-O-) on the GO surface. This preferential adsorption feature may be attributed to the stronger tendency of ssDNA to form hydrogen bonds (HBs) with hydroxyl groups compared to epoxy groups in aqueous solutions. Further analysis indicates that the affinity interaction between ssDNA and hydroxyl groups presumably increases the oxidation degree of GO, thus suggesting a better binding between ssDNA and GO. This work is not only expected to provide the underlying mechanism of ssDNA onto graphene-based interfaces but also offers a deeper understanding of the structures of DNA-two-dimensional complexes, which may potentially contribute to designing new molecular structures for bio-sensing-related nano-devices and nanostructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomolecular Crystals)
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44 pages, 8360 KB  
Systematic Review
Natural Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Produced by Aquatic Magnetotactic Bacteria as Ideal Nanozymes for Nano-Guided Biosensing Platforms—A Systematic Review
by Natalia Lorela Paul, Catalin Ovidiu Popa and Rodica Elena Ionescu
Biosensors 2025, 15(9), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15090590 - 8 Sep 2025
Viewed by 514
Abstract
In response to the ongoing challenges associated with natural enzymes, their high production costs, low stability and limited functionality; nanozymes have rapidly emerged as versatile alternative. Such nanocatalysts, based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, offer remarkable tunability of physicochemical properties and excellent durability, and [...] Read more.
In response to the ongoing challenges associated with natural enzymes, their high production costs, low stability and limited functionality; nanozymes have rapidly emerged as versatile alternative. Such nanocatalysts, based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, offer remarkable tunability of physicochemical properties and excellent durability, and adapt themselves effectively to the requirements of modern biotechnological applications. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the use of naturally occurring iron oxide nanoparticles, produced by magnetotactic bacteria, and to highlight their emerging role as key elements in the development of the new generation of nano-guided biosensors. It provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of publications in the Web of Science database between 2022 and August 2025, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The aim was to assess the current state of the art and identify knowledge gaps in the exploration and application of magnetotactic bacteria as natural and sustainable sources in the design of next-generation biosensors. The natural nanoparticles, formed through biological processes, represent a unique and sustainable alternative to synthetic nanoparticles, offering naturally mimetic enzymatic activity, high biocompatibility, and exceptional stability. This approach opens up revolutionary perspectives in the field of biosensors, proposing a new class of functional materials, iron nanoparticles of biological origin, capable of fundamentally changing the performance, sustainability and reliability of future nanoenzymatic sensing platforms. Full article
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31 pages, 2764 KB  
Review
Multimodal Fusion-Driven Pesticide Residue Detection: Principles, Applications, and Emerging Trends
by Mei Wang, Zhenchang Liu, Fulin Yang, Quan Bu, Xianghai Song and Shouqi Yuan
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(17), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15171305 - 24 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1064
Abstract
Pesticides are essential for modern agriculture but leave harmful residues that threaten human health and ecosystems. This paper reviews key pesticide detection technologies, including chromatography and mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods, biosensing (aptamer/enzyme sensors), and emerging technologies (nanomaterials, AI). Chromatography-mass spectrometry remains the gold [...] Read more.
Pesticides are essential for modern agriculture but leave harmful residues that threaten human health and ecosystems. This paper reviews key pesticide detection technologies, including chromatography and mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods, biosensing (aptamer/enzyme sensors), and emerging technologies (nanomaterials, AI). Chromatography-mass spectrometry remains the gold standard for lab-based precision, while spectroscopic techniques enable non-destructive, multi-component analysis. Biosensors offer portable, real-time field detection with high specificity. Emerging innovations, such as nano-enhanced sensors and AI-driven data analysis, are improving sensitivity and efficiency. Despite progress, challenges persist in sensitivity, cost, and operational complexity. Future research should focus on biomimetic materials for specificity, femtogram-level nano-enhanced detection, microfluidic “sample-to-result” systems, and cost-effective smart manufacturing. Addressing these gaps will strengthen food safety from farm to table while protecting ecological balance. This overview aids researchers in method selection, supports regulatory optimization, and evaluates sustainable pest control strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)
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25 pages, 1534 KB  
Review
Recent Advances in Micro- and Nano-Enhanced Intravascular Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring, Early Disease Diagnosis, and Drug Therapy Monitoring
by Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk, Weronika Kieres, Alicja Przybyłowicz, Celina Ziejewska, Joanna Marczyk and Marcel Krzan
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4855; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154855 - 7 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2389
Abstract
Intravascular biosensors have become a crucial and novel class of devices in healthcare, enabling the constant real-time monitoring of essential physiological parameters directly within the circulatory system. Recent developments in micro- and nanotechnology have relevantly improved the sensitivity, miniaturization, and biocompatibility of these [...] Read more.
Intravascular biosensors have become a crucial and novel class of devices in healthcare, enabling the constant real-time monitoring of essential physiological parameters directly within the circulatory system. Recent developments in micro- and nanotechnology have relevantly improved the sensitivity, miniaturization, and biocompatibility of these devices, thereby enabling their application in precision medicine. This review summarizes the latest advances in intravascular biosensor technologies, with a special focus on glucose and oxygen level monitoring, blood pressure and heart rate assessment, and early disease diagnostics, as well as modern approaches to drug therapy monitoring and delivery systems. Key challenges such as long-term biostability, signal accuracy, and regulatory approval processes are critical considerations. Innovative strategies, including biodegradable implants, nanomaterial-functionalized surfaces, and integration with artificial intelligence, are regarded as promising avenues to overcome current limitations. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for upcoming research and the clinical translation of advanced intravascular biosensors with a strong emphasis on their transformative impact on personalized healthcare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors)
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21 pages, 3283 KB  
Article
Atypical Pressure Dependent Structural Phonon and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Zinc Blende BeO
by Devki N. Talwar and Piotr Becla
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3671; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153671 - 5 Aug 2025
Viewed by 445
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the novel zinc blende beryllium oxide (zb BeO) exhibits in a metastable crystalline phase, which is less stable than its wurtzite counterpart. Ultrathin zb BeO epifilms have recently gained significant interest to create a wide range of advanced high-resolution, high-frequency, [...] Read more.
Under normal conditions, the novel zinc blende beryllium oxide (zb BeO) exhibits in a metastable crystalline phase, which is less stable than its wurtzite counterpart. Ultrathin zb BeO epifilms have recently gained significant interest to create a wide range of advanced high-resolution, high-frequency, flexible, transparent, nano-electronic and nanophotonic modules. BeO-based ultraviolet photodetectors and biosensors are playing important roles in providing safety and efficiency to nuclear reactors for their optimum operations. In thermal management, BeO epifilms have also been used for many high-tech devices including medical equipment. Phonon characteristics of zb BeO at ambient and high-pressure P ≠ 0 GPa are required in the development of electronics that demand enhanced heat dissipation for improving heat sink performance to lower the operating temperature. Here, we have reported methodical simulations to comprehend P-dependent structural, phonon and thermodynamical properties by using a realistic rigid-ion model (RIM). Unlike zb ZnO, the study of the Grüneisen parameter γ(T) and thermal expansion coefficient α(T) in zb BeO has revealed atypical behavior. Possible reasons for such peculiar trends are attributed to the combined effect of the short bond length and strong localization of electron charge close to the small core size Be atom in BeO. Results of RIM calculations are compared/contrasted against the limited experimental and first-principle data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Heat Equation: The Theoretical Basis for Materials Processing)
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41 pages, 11320 KB  
Review
Electrochemical Biosensors Driving Model Transformation for Food Testing
by Xinxin Wu, Zhecong Yuan, Shujie Gao, Xinai Zhang, Hany S. El-Mesery, Wenjie Lu, Xiaoli Dai and Rongjin Xu
Foods 2025, 14(15), 2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14152669 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are revolutionizing food testing by addressing critical limitations of conventional strategies that suffer from cost, complexity, and field-deployment challenges. Emerging fluorescence and Raman techniques, while promising, face intrinsic drawbacks like photobleaching and matrix interference in opaque or heterogeneous samples. In contrast, [...] Read more.
Electrochemical biosensors are revolutionizing food testing by addressing critical limitations of conventional strategies that suffer from cost, complexity, and field-deployment challenges. Emerging fluorescence and Raman techniques, while promising, face intrinsic drawbacks like photobleaching and matrix interference in opaque or heterogeneous samples. In contrast, electrochemical biosensors leverage electrical signals to bypass optical constraints, enabling rapid, cost-effective, and pretreatment-free analysis of turbid food matrices. This review highlights their operational mechanisms, emphasizing nano-enhanced signal amplification (e.g., Au nanoparticles and graphene) and biorecognition elements (antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers) for ultrasensitive assay of contaminants, additives, and adulterants. By integrating portability, scalability, and real-time capabilities, electrochemical biosensors align with global food safety regulations and sustainability goals. Challenges in standardization, multiplexed analysis, and long-term stability are discussed, alongside future directions toward AI-driven analytics, biodegradable sensors, and blockchain-enabled traceability, ultimately fostering precision-driven, next-generation food safety and quality testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Analytical Methods)
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63 pages, 4971 KB  
Review
Electrochemical Nanosensors Applied to the Assay of Some Food Components—A Review
by Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi, Florin Iordache, Loredana Stanca, Petronela Mihaela Rosu, Nicoleta Ciocirlie, Ovidiu Ionut Geicu, Liviu Bilteanu and Andreea Iren Serban
Chemosensors 2025, 13(8), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080272 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1314
Abstract
Nanomaterials’ special features enable their extensive application in chemical and biochemical nanosensors for food assays; food packaging; environmental, medicinal, and pharmaceutical applications; and photoelectronics. The analytical strategies based on novel nanomaterials have proved their pivotal role and increasing interest in the assay of [...] Read more.
Nanomaterials’ special features enable their extensive application in chemical and biochemical nanosensors for food assays; food packaging; environmental, medicinal, and pharmaceutical applications; and photoelectronics. The analytical strategies based on novel nanomaterials have proved their pivotal role and increasing interest in the assay of key food components. The choice of transducer is pivotal for promoting the performance of electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical nano-transducers provide a large active surface area, enabling improved sensitivity, specificity, fast assay, precision, accuracy, and reproducibility, over the analytical range of interest, when compared to traditional sensors. Synthetic routes encompass physical techniques in general based on top–down approaches, chemical methods mainly relying on bottom–up approaches, or green technologies. Hybrid techniques such as electrochemical pathways or photochemical reduction are also applied. Electrochemical nanocomposite sensors relying on conducting polymers are amenable to performance improvement, achieved by integrating redox mediators, conductive hydrogels, and molecular imprinting polymers. Carbon-based or metal-based nanoparticles are used in combination with ionic liquids, enhancing conductivity and electron transfer. The composites may be prepared using a plethora of combinations of carbon-based, metal-based, or organic-based nanomaterials, promoting a high electrocatalytic response, and can accommodate biorecognition elements for increased specificity. Nanomaterials can function as pivotal components in electrochemical (bio)sensors applied to food assays, aiming at the analysis of bioactives, nutrients, food additives, and contaminants. Given the broad range of transducer types, detection modes, and targeted analytes, it is important to discuss the analytical performance and applicability of such nanosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensor for Food Analysis)
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37 pages, 3339 KB  
Review
Microfluidic Liquid Biopsy Minimally Invasive Cancer Diagnosis by Nano-Plasmonic Label-Free Detection of Extracellular Vesicles: Review
by Keshava Praveena Neriya Hegade, Rama B. Bhat and Muthukumaran Packirisamy
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(13), 6352; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136352 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1361
Abstract
Cancer diagnosis requires alternative techniques that allow for early, non-invasive, or minimally invasive identification. Traditional methods, like tissue biopsies, are highly invasive and can be traumatic for patients. Liquid biopsy, a less invasive option, detects cancer biomarkers in body fluids such as blood [...] Read more.
Cancer diagnosis requires alternative techniques that allow for early, non-invasive, or minimally invasive identification. Traditional methods, like tissue biopsies, are highly invasive and can be traumatic for patients. Liquid biopsy, a less invasive option, detects cancer biomarkers in body fluids such as blood and urine. However, early-stage cancer often presents low biomarker levels, making sensitivity a challenge for integrating liquid biopsy into early diagnosis. Recent studies revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells are apt markers for liquid biopsy. Detecting extracellular vesicles (EVs) for liquid biopsy faces challenges like low sensitivity, EV subtype heterogeneity, and difficulty isolating pure populations. Label-free methods, such as plasmonic biosensors and Raman spectroscopy, offer potential solutions by enabling direct analysis without markers, improving accuracy, and reducing complexity. This review paper discusses current challenges in EV-based liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. It addresses the effective use of microfluidics and nano-plasmonic approaches to address these challenges. Enhancing label-free EV detection in liquid biopsy could revolutionize early cancer diagnosis by offering non-invasive, cost-effective, and rapid testing. This could improve patient outcomes through personalized treatment and ease the burden on healthcare systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Nanoscience)
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44 pages, 16366 KB  
Review
Recent Advances in Paper-Based Electronics: Emphasis on Field-Effect Transistors and Sensors
by Dimitris Barmpakos, Apostolos Apostolakis, Fadi Jaber, Konstantinos Aidinis and Grigoris Kaltsas
Biosensors 2025, 15(5), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050324 - 19 May 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Paper-based electronics have emerged as a sustainable, low-cost, and flexible alternative to traditional substrates for electronics, particularly for disposable and wearable applications. This review outlines recent developments in paper-based devices, focusing on sensors and paper-based field-effect transistors (PFETs). Key fabrication techniques such as [...] Read more.
Paper-based electronics have emerged as a sustainable, low-cost, and flexible alternative to traditional substrates for electronics, particularly for disposable and wearable applications. This review outlines recent developments in paper-based devices, focusing on sensors and paper-based field-effect transistors (PFETs). Key fabrication techniques such as laser-induced graphene, inkjet printing, and screen printing have enabled the creation of highly sensitive and selective devices on various paper substrates. Material innovations, especially the integration of graphene, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and other novel micro- and nano-enabled materials, have significantly enhanced device performance. This review discusses modern applications of paper-based electronics, with a particular emphasis on biosensors, electrochemical and physical sensors, and PFETs designed for flexibility, low power, and high sensitivity. Advances in PFET architectures have further enabled the development of logic gates and memory systems on paper, highlighting the potential for fully integrated circuits. Despite challenges in durability and performance consistency, the field is rapidly evolving, driven by the demand for green electronics and the need for decentralized, point-of-care diagnostic tools. This paper also identifies detection strategies used in paper-based sensors, reviews limitations in the current fabrication methods, and outlines opportunities for the scalable production of multifunctional paper-based systems. This review addresses a critical gap in the literature by linking device-level innovation with real-world sensor applications on paper substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensing and Diagnosis—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1767 KB  
Article
Toluidine Blue for the Determination of Binding of Anionic Polysaccharides to Lipid Raft Domains by Absorption Spectroscopy
by Sandra Gębczyńska, Julia Gdowska, Agata Mikos, Iga Gawrońska, Teresa Janas, Aleksander Czogalla and Tadeusz Janas
Membranes 2025, 15(5), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15050139 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 990
Abstract
The complexes of negatively charged polysaccharides with lipid vesicles have been shown to have applications in medicine, bioremediation, water purification, and construction of nano-biosensors. This article presents research on the formation of these complexes based on the interactions between three types of liposomes, [...] Read more.
The complexes of negatively charged polysaccharides with lipid vesicles have been shown to have applications in medicine, bioremediation, water purification, and construction of nano-biosensors. This article presents research on the formation of these complexes based on the interactions between three types of liposomes, DOPC liposomes (which contain a lipid bilayer in the liquid-disordered (Ld) state), RAFT liposomes (which contain liquid-ordered (Lo) lipid raft domains surrounded by lipids in the Ld state) and SPH–CHL liposomes (which contain a lipid bilayer in the Lo state), and two selected anionic polysaccharides, polysialic acid (PSA) and polygalacturonic acid (PGA). The analysis was conducted using a toluidine blue (TB) probe and the absorption spectroscopy technique. In contrast to DOPC and SPH–CHL liposomes, binding of negatively charged PSA or PGA chains to RAFT liposomes induced a TB absorption maximum shift from 630 nm to 560 nm. The obtained results indicate that toluidine blue can be applied for monitoring the formation of these nano-complexes, and that the boundaries between Ld/Lo domains within membranes in RAFT liposomes can significantly enhance the binding affinity of negatively charged polysaccharides to the lipid bilayer surface. The observed metachromatic shift in TB absorption suggests that negatively charged PSA and PGA chains interact with the Ld/Lo boundaries within RAFT liposome membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biological Membranes)
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7 pages, 1255 KB  
Communication
Effect of Electrode Surface Microstructuring on Electrochemical Biosensor Performance
by Amal Kabalan and Maliheh Azimi Roueini
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071390 - 21 Mar 2025
Viewed by 600
Abstract
Electrode surface microstructuring involves the engineering of the topographical features of an electrode to enhance its performance in electrochemical sensing applications. By creating controlled micro- or nano-scale patterns, the active surface area can significantly increase, which leads to improved electron transfer and enhanced [...] Read more.
Electrode surface microstructuring involves the engineering of the topographical features of an electrode to enhance its performance in electrochemical sensing applications. By creating controlled micro- or nano-scale patterns, the active surface area can significantly increase, which leads to improved electron transfer and enhanced sensitivity to target analytes in devices such as biosensors. Geometrical parameters such as diameter, height, pitch, and position of the patterns can be optimized to enhance sensor detection. This paper introduces an electrochemical biosensor designed to detect Moraxella catarrhalis, a respiratory pathogen affecting young children. This paper investigates the effects of the radius of micropillars on adsorption in the electrochemical biosensor using COMSOL Multiphysics (Version: 6.0). The model demonstrates that the rate of surface adsorption depends on the position of the micropillars on the electrode. The paper also presents the effects of analyte concentration on the detection current of the biosensor using Cottrell’s equation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Manufacturing and Surface Technology)
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12 pages, 4717 KB  
Article
A Ratiometric Fluorescence Nano pH Biosensor for Live-Cell Imaging Using Cerasome
by Zhongqiao Zhang, Xiaoshan Luo, Xuanbo Wang, Meng Liu, Xiuli Yue and Zhaozhu Zheng
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020114 - 16 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
The development of a robust and biocompatible pH-sensing platform is critical for monitoring intracellular processes and diagnosing diseases. Here, we present a smart ultrastable ratiometric fluorescence nano pH sensor based on silica-coated liposome nanoparticles (cerasome, 138.4 nm). The sensor integrates pH-sensitive dye, pyranine, [...] Read more.
The development of a robust and biocompatible pH-sensing platform is critical for monitoring intracellular processes and diagnosing diseases. Here, we present a smart ultrastable ratiometric fluorescence nano pH sensor based on silica-coated liposome nanoparticles (cerasome, 138.4 nm). The sensor integrates pH-sensitive dye, pyranine, within cerasome, achieving enhanced photostability, sensitivity, and biocompatibility. Its unique ratiometric design enables precise pH monitoring with minimal photobleaching and quenching, covering a linear detection range of pH 6.25–8.5. The hybrid nanoparticles exhibit high morphological stability, making them suitable for real-time intracellular pH measurement. This novel platform shows great promise for applications in cellular biology, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring, offering a versatile tool for biomedical research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology-Based Optical Sensors for Biomedical Applications)
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18 pages, 4581 KB  
Article
Parallel Detection of the Unamplified Carbapenem Resistance Genes blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-1 Using a Plasmonic Nano-Biosensor with a Field-Portable DNA Extraction Method
by Kaily Kao and Evangelyn C. Alocilja
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020112 - 14 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1550
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly growing global concern resulting from the overuse of antibiotics in agricultural and clinical settings. The challenge is exacerbated by the lack of rapid surveillance for resistant bacteria in clinical, environmental, and food supply settings. The increasing resistance [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly growing global concern resulting from the overuse of antibiotics in agricultural and clinical settings. The challenge is exacerbated by the lack of rapid surveillance for resistant bacteria in clinical, environmental, and food supply settings. The increasing resistance to carbapenems, an important sub-class of beta-lactam antibiotics, is a major concern in the healthcare community. Carbapenem resistance (CR) has been found in the environment and food supply chain, where it has the potential to spread to pathogens, animals, and humans through direct or indirect contact. Rapid detection for preventative and control measures should be developed. This study utilized a gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic biosensor for the parallel detection of the CR genes blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-1. To explore the field portability, DNA was extracted using two methods: a commercial extraction kit and a boiling method. The results were compared between the two methods using a spectrophotometer and a cellphone application for RGB values to quantify the visual results. The results showed that the boiling method of extraction was more effective than extraction with a commercial kit for this analysis. The parallel detection of unamplified genes extracted via the boiling method is novel. When combined with other portable testing equipment, the approach has the potential to be an inexpensive, rapid, and simple on-site CR gene detection protocol. Full article
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19 pages, 5119 KB  
Review
Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Quenching as Biocompatible Fluorescent Probes
by Arif Kamal, Seongin Hong and Heongkyu Ju
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020099 - 10 Feb 2025
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4571
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have emerged as nano-scaled probes with photoluminescence that have an eco-friendly and bio-compatible nature. Their cost-efficient synthesis and high photoluminescence quantum yields make them indispensable due to their application in opto-electronic devices, including [...] Read more.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have emerged as nano-scaled probes with photoluminescence that have an eco-friendly and bio-compatible nature. Their cost-efficient synthesis and high photoluminescence quantum yields make them indispensable due to their application in opto-electronic devices, including biosensors, bioimaging, environmental monitoring, and light sources. This review provides intrinsic properties of CQDs such as their excitation-dependent emission, biocompatibility, and quenching properties. Diverse strategies for their easy synthesis are divided into bottom-up and top-down approaches and detailed herein. In particular, we highlight their luminescence properties, including quenching mechanisms that could even be utilized for the precise and rapid detection of biomolecules. We also discuss methodologies for the mitigation of fluorescence quenching, which is pivotal for the application of CQDs in biosensors and bioimaging. Full article
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