Search Results (320)

The identification of gifted students with learning disabilities (GLD) remains theoretically and methodologically contested. The present study examined cognitive and reading profiles of 150 Greek students in Grades 4–6, classified as gifted with learning disabilities (GLD) (n = 36), gifted (n = 31), or dyslexic of average intellectual ability (n = 83). Gifted classification was based on National Association for Gifted Children guidelines issued in 2018, using reasoning-based WISC-VIndices (FSIQ, GAI, EGAI, NVI, VECI ≥ 120), while learning disability was determined through formal multidisciplinary diagnosis. Cognitive performance was assessed with the WISC-V and reading with the standardized DADA battery (decoding, fluency, and comprehension). One-way ANOVAs and ROC analyses were conducted. GLD students demonstrated reasoning abilities and processing speed abilities comparable to gifted peers, but working memory deficits compared to gifted peers. In reading, GLD students showed decoding deficits like dyslexic peers and fluency impairments indistinguishable from them, yet significantly stronger comprehension. These findings reveal a differentiated literacy profile in which higher-order reasoning appears to support meaning construction despite persistent efficiency-based constraints in decoding and fluency. Overall, the results indicate that twice-exceptionality reflects a structurally uneven cognitive–academic configuration, underscoring the importance of multidimensional assessment approaches that simultaneously evaluate reasoning strengths and reading-specific vulnerabilities. Full article

This exploratory study examines how journalists in/coordinating investigations use a chatbot designed to reduce power asymmetries during remote work. Twelve freelancers across Africa, Europe, and India tested Obruche, a chatbot advisor covering risk mitigation, pay equality, tension de-escalation, and intellectual property protection. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, semi-structured interviews were coded for Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, and Social Influence. Results show journalists gravitate towards chatbots that are cognisant of their location-specific challenges and able to provide information that facilitates access to media outlets or peers for future collaborations. Next-best-action responses that expanded user queries or offered role-play scenarios also left journalists feeling supported, less lonely, and not judged. However, the chatbot’s female persona, scepticism of artificial intelligence, and chatbot novelty may reduce user acceptance. Obruche’s potential areas of intervention are linked to eight types of organisational power. The chatbot mainly assisted journalists to confront or rebalance Control of Knowledge and Information, and Control of Scarce Resources, aiding users’ Ability to Cope with Uncertainty. This research contributes to recent qualitative studies on journalists’ well-being by demonstrating how chatbots can mitigate power imbalances between dispersed teams of journalists. The benefits and concerns presented may inform future designs of similar team-mediation chatbots. Full article

This study examined the perceived quality of life of Portuguese gifted students compared with their non-gifted peers using the KIDSCREEN-27, a widely used instrument for assessing health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Quality of life is the subjective perception of overall well-being resulting from the interaction of physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Previous research suggests that high intellectual ability does not necessarily ensure greater well-being and may coexist with social–emotional challenges, including perfectionism, anxiety, and difficulties in social integration. The sample consisted of 102 Portuguese students aged between 10 and 15 years old. They were in two groups (gifted and non-gifted), matched by gender. Gifted participants had previously been identified through psychoeducational assessment and were enrolled in the PEDAIS enrichment program promoted by the National Association for the Study and Intervention in Giftedness (ANEIS). Five quality-of-life dimensions were analyzed: physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relationships, peer social support, and school environment. MANOVA results indicated statistically significant differences between the groups, with gifted students reporting lower scores in physical well-being, autonomy and parent relationships, peer social support, and school environment. There were no significant differences in psychological well-being, indicating similar levels of perceived emotional well-being in both groups. These findings highlight the importance of considering the social and contextual dimensions of well-being in gifted education and reinforce the need for educational strategies that combine cognitive development with social–emotional support. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, as the gifted participants were recruited from a structured enrichment program, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to the broader population of gifted students. Full article

Intelligence test batteries are a common tool in psychological assessment. Their results can have a large impact on an individual’s life, especially for children and adolescents. Despite this, uncertainty remains as to what extent these results are dependent on the test battery used. Two commonly used intelligence test batteries for children and adolescents in German speaking countries are the WISC-V and the AID 3. This study aimed to investigate the degree of comparability between the two test batteries in terms of their resulting scores, subtest content and test profiles in a mathematically gifted sample. A total of 36 children and adolescents (aged M = 12.89 years, SD = 0.58) completed all subtests of both test batteries. Results revealed that most IQ measures did not differ significantly between the two test batteries for this sample. The correlations of the subtests revealed a structure with four main nodes that was in line with previous factor analytical studies. The standard deviations of the $\tau$-adjusted test scores within test profiles were not significantly different; however, significantly higher ranges were found in the AID 3. Results indicate higher IQ scores on the WISC-V, differential validity for factor structures, and methodological benefits of adaptive testing with the AID 3, particularly in gifted samples. Despite subtest overlaps, composite scores diverge and require individualized interpretation. Full article

The study of resilience has long focused on understanding how individuals positively adapt to adversity, a process that directly influences emotional stability. Resilience, defined as the capacity to confront, overcome, and transform complex challenges constructively while strengthening oneself in the process, represents a transversal trait in human development. It also entails engaging in a personal growth trajectory that fosters self-awareness and internal coherence. Within the context of high abilities, this construct assumes particular significance, as students with high cognitive potential, but they are not immune to socio-emotional and educational vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities may arise from asynchronies between intellectual and emotional development, among other factors, and influence specific coping strategies that, in turn, affect academic and social outcomes. Furthermore, high abilities students often have unique educational needs that may be insufficiently recognized or supported within their socio-cultural environments. Consequently, resilience in high abilities students should be understood as a dynamic process shaped not only by individual cognitive resources but also by contextual factors. A thorough analysis of the specific vulnerabilities of this population, and their interactions with environmental influences, is essential for fostering resilience and designing psychoeducational interventions that enhance academic achievement, promote inclusive practices, and support overall well-being. Full article

Differentiating AI-generated, real, or imitated artworks is becoming a tedious and computationally challenging problem in digital art analysis. AI-generated art has become nearly indistinguishable from human-made works, posing a significant threat to copyrighted content. This content is appearing on online platforms, at exhibitions, and in commercial galleries, thereby escalating the risk of copyright infringement. This sudden increase in generative images raises concerns like authenticity, intellectual property, and the preservation of cultural heritage. Without an automated, comprehensible system to determine whether an artwork has been AI-generated, authentic (real), or imitated, artists are prone to the reduction of their unique works. Institutions also struggle to curate and safeguard authentic pieces. As the variety of generative models continues to grow, it becomes a cultural necessity to build a robust, efficient, and transparent framework for determining whether a piece of art or an artist is involved in potential copyright infringement. To address these challenges, we introduce ArtUnmasked, a practical and interpretable framework capable of (i) efficiently distinguishing AI-generated artworks from real ones using a lightweight Spectral Artifact Identification (SPAI), (ii) a TagMatch-based artist filtering module for stylistic attribution, and (iii) a DINOv3–CLIP similarity module with patch-level correspondence that leverages the one-shot generalization ability of modern vision transformers to determine whether an artwork is authentic or imitated. We also created a custom dataset of ∼24K imitated artworks to complement our evaluation and support future research. The complete implementation is available in our GitHub repository. Full article

Background: Tetrasomy X (48, XXXX) is an extremely rare sex chromosome aneuploidy characterized by highly variable phenotypic manifestations. It includes various medical issues, a wide range of developmental delays, and neurocognitive deficits. Methods: The present case report provides a comprehensive neurodevelopmental profile of a 4.5-year-old girl with Tetrasomy X, with the aim of contributing to phenotype delineation, exploring genotype–phenotype associations, and emphasizing the importance of early, targeted intervention. A multidisciplinary assessment was conducted, encompassing cognitive, speech–language, motor, sensory, adaptive, and socioemotional functioning, using a battery of standardized and culturally adapted instruments. Results: Results revealed borderline intellectual functioning and mild global developmental delay, with marked intra-individual variability across domains. Motor development was significantly delayed and speech and language assessment demonstrated a pronounced receptive–expressive discrepancy. Sensory processing evaluation revealed a pattern of global sensory under-responsiveness, representing a novel and underreported feature in Tetrasomy X. Adaptive functioning was uneven, with relative strengths in daily living skills and weaknesses in motor abilities. Conclusions: This detailed early developmental characterization highlights the heterogeneity of Tetrasomy X and challenges some of the previous assumptions. The findings underscore the necessity of individualized, multidisciplinary assessment and early intervention to optimize developmental outcomes and quality of life in affected individuals. Full article

Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) often exhibit reduced physical fitness, leading to early declines in the ability to perform daily activities. This study aimed to characterize and establish reference values for physical functional performance by sex and age group in school-aged children with ID. A total of 321 participants (ages 5–26 years) from special education schools were assessed. Physical functional performance was measured using the 4 × 10 m shuttle run (4 × 10 m), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5R-STS), and Countermovement Jump (CMJ). Two-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and percentile values (5th–95th) were calculated by sex and age group. Males consistently demonstrated higher performance than females. Cross-sectional comparisons showed higher 4 × 10 m, TUG, and 5R-STS performance during adolescence in both sexes, while CMJ performance was higher in males during early adulthood. Adolescents outperformed children in 4 × 10 m, TUG, and CMJ tests (p < 0.05). Females exhibited lower 4 × 10 m and CMJ performance in early adulthood compared with adolescence (p < 0.05), whereas males showed no significant differences across these stages. Physical functional performance in individuals with ID varied according to sex and age, with males generally demonstrating better performance. Adolescence is associated with higher performance, while females experience reductions in lower-limb power in early adulthood. These findings highlight sex- and age-related differences and support the need for targeted monitoring and intervention strategies in this population. Full article

Polymathy relates to the exceptional learning abilities, in which individuals cultivate and coordinate Breadth, Depth, and integrative capability across multiple domains. It builds on mechanisms typically associated with intelligence, including abstraction, problem solving, and the transfer and integration of information. Because polymathic disposition has partial biological underpinnings, it may intersect with other biologically based individual differences, such as temperament. Biographical accounts also indicate that many polymaths did not achieve exceptional school grades, raising questions about whether the multiplicity of interests in polymaths is associated with distractibility and impulsivity, or whether there is a deeper institutional mismatch between polymaths and educational systems. Our study examined these issues using estimated high school grades across three subject areas, documented university grades, a neurochemistry-validated temperament assessment (Structure of Temperament Questionnaire; STQ-77), the Trait Polymathy Scale (TPS), the Barratt Impulsivity Scales (BIS-11), and information about aptitudes and interests from 296 participants (M/F = 152/144). Contrary to speculation that polymathy reflects distractibility, the TPS correlated negatively with the BIS-11 Lack of Attention scale and positively with the STQ-77 scales of Intellectual Endurance and Probabilistic Processing, confirming high sustained attention in polymaths. TPSs also had selective negative correlations with the STQ-77 Neuroticism scale and positive correlations with the STQ-77 Plasticity, Social Endurance, Sensation Seeking, dispositional Satisfaction scales, as well as several specific and general aptitudes and interests. These findings refine the dispositional profile linked to polymathy, highlighting the differential nature of the three components of polymathy. Full article

As contemporary global supply chains have become interconnected and exposed to diverse escalating cyber threats, Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (C-SCRM) has rapidly evolved as a managerial imperative to safeguard security, robustness, and resilience, and hence ensure organizational sustainability and growth. While the concept of C-SCRM has recently received much attention among scholars, practitioners, and policymakers as an emerging field of study, its conceptual utility and theoretical foundation remain undeveloped. To address this gap, this paper provides a systematic literature review of C-SCRM using a hybrid approach that integrates bibliometric and concept evaluation analysis to ensure the goodness of the concept. A total of 175 relevant peer-reviewed scholarly articles from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection were collected and analyzed. The review reveals that the concept has many strengths, in terms of its interdisciplinary conceptual foundation and growing managerial relevance, but it also suffers from conceptual diffusion, overlapping terminology, and limited construct operationalization that inhibits theory development, hinders empirical accumulation, and limits practitioners’ ability to operationalize C-SCRM as a strategic resource. This review contributes to the C-SCRM literature by providing (1) a historical overview and intellectual structure of C-SCRM; (2) a synthesis and comparative analysis of the existing definitions; (3) an evaluation of the conceptual adequacy and theoretical relevance that underpin C-SCRM research based on established criteria and (4) conceptual and empirical research directions as well as an integrative framework. Based on the insights, our review might facilitate the improvement of multidimensional construct clarity and validation in future empirical studies and could be a useful tool for managers to benchmark C-SCRM maturity in practice. Full article

Background: Children with ADHD and children with intellectual disability (ID) often have problems with daily time management (DTM). It is, however, less well-known how the underlying time-processing ability (TPA) may impact children’s DTM and autonomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate DTM, TPA, and self-rated autonomy in the activities of everyday life among children aged 9–15 years with and without disabilities. Methods: The participants were matched samples of children with ADHD (n = 47), with ID (n = 47), and typically developing (TD) children (n = 47). A descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional design was used. Group comparisons with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey post-hoc tests, bootstrapping, and a cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Children with ADHD and children with ID had significantly lower TPA and DTM than TD children. Children with ADHD had even lower DTM than those with ID. Children with ADHD and ID have the same overall pattern of TPA, but it may be delayed, affecting their DTM and autonomy. However, there was considerable heterogeneity among the children with ADHD and ID, ranging from skilled to having significant problems in TPA. For all children, the levels of self-rated autonomy seemed to follow the level of TPA. Conclusions: Children with ADHD and children with ID have an increased risk of delayed TPA, affecting their DTM and autonomy, which may also influence their participation in daily activities. The results indicate a need to measure TPA and DTM to tailor interventions for each child. Full article

People with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately affected by diet-related health inequalities. This Perspective outlines a dual challenge: (1) intrinsic vulnerabilities—cognitive limitations, health-literacy constraints, and comorbidities—that impair individuals’ ability to make healthy dietary choices, and (2) extrinsic neglect—insufficient support in care environments, inadequate nutrition-related training among informal caregivers and support staff, and structural gaps in policy and services. We argue that this “double jeopardy” undermines nutritional equity and proposes strategies for person-centered nutrition education, caregiver empowerment, supportive food environments, and inclusive policy frameworks. Greater interdisciplinary collaboration and tailored research are urgently needed to ensure nutritional health as a right for people with intellectual disabilities. Full article

This study utilizes data from Chinese listed small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 2010 to 2023. Based on dynamic capability theory and behavioral theory, we examine how corporate digital transformation influences new quality productivity and analyze the mediating role of managerial ability. The results indicate that digital transformation significantly and positively impacts the development of new quality productivity in SMEs, with managerial ability exerting a mediating effect. Furthermore, industry technological turbulence, ESG ratings, and digital intellectual property protection amplify the promotional effect of digital transformation on new quality productivity. Additionally, digital transformation plays a crucial role in enhancing new quality productivity for enterprises operating in more competitive industries, high-tech enterprises, and specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative (SRDI) enterprises. This study extends the digital transformation literature by integrating managerial ability as a key internal mechanism linking digitalization to new quality productivity within SMEs, offering evidence derived from a large-scale longitudinal dataset. Full article

Background: The interplay between neuronutrition, physical activity, and mental health for enhancing brain resilience to stress and overall human health is widely recognized. The use of brain mapping via quantitative-EEG (qEEG) comparative analysis enables researchers to identify deviations or abnormalities and track the changes in neurological patterns when a targeted drug or specific nutrition is administered over time. High-functioning mild-to-borderline intellectual disorders (MBID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) constitute leading global public health challenges due to their high prevalence, chronicity, and profound cognitive and functional impact. Objective: The objectives of the present study were twofold: first, to characterize an extremely vulnerable group of children with functioning autism symptoms, disclosing their overall pattern of cognitive abilities and areas of difficulty, and second, to investigate the relevance of the effects of a mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) biomass dietary supplement on improvement on neurocognitive behavior. Methods: This study used qEEG to compare raw data with a normative database to track the changes in neurological brain patterns in 147 children with high-functioning autistic attributes when mushroom H. erinaceus biomass supplement was consumed over 6 and 12 months. Conclusions: H. erinaceus biomass in children with pervasive developmental disorders significantly improved the maturation of the CNS after 6 to 12 months of oral use, decreased the dominant slow-wave activity, and converted slow-wave activity to optimal beta1 frequency. Therefore, despite the lack of randomization, blinding, and risk of bias, due to a limited number of observations, it may be concluded that the H. erinaceus biomass may generate a complex effect on the deficits of the autism spectrum when applied to high-functioning MBID children, representing a safe and effective adjunctive strategy for supporting neurodevelopment in children. Full article

We assessed the relational abilities of two state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) and two large reasoning models (LRMs) using a new battery of several thousand syllogistic problems, similar to those used in behavior-analytic tasks for relational abilities. To probe the models’ general (as opposed to task- or domain-specific) abilities, the problems involved multiple relations (sameness, difference, comparison, hierarchy, analogy, temporal and deictic), specified between randomly selected nonwords and varied in terms of complexity (number of premises, inclusion of irrelevant premises) and format (valid or invalid conclusion prompted). We also tested transformations of stimulus function. Our results show that the models generally performed well in this new task battery. The models did show some variability across different relations and were to a limited extent affected by task variations. Model performance was, however, robust against the randomization of premise order in a replication study. Our research provides a new framework for testing a core aspect of intellectual (i.e., relational) abilities in artificial systems; we discuss the implications of this and future research directions. Full article