Search Results (1,922)

Background: Double-valve infective endocarditis (DVIE) accounts for 15–20% of all endocarditis and represents a challenge due to the increased incidence of embolic events and congestive heart failure compared to infective endocarditis (IE) affecting one valve. This study aims to evaluate patients’ characteristics, surgical procedures, complications, and mortality associated with DVIE in our tertiary hospital in Italy. The Endocarditis Registry STEADY includes patients admitted with IE from January 2009 to March 2024 (n = 398). Sixty-three of them (16%) had DVIE. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center observational study, analyzing demographic, clinical, and microbiological data in DVIE patients, comparing those treated surgically (surgical group, SG) with those treated medically (non-surgical group, NSG). Results: The groups were homogeneous in age, microbiological yields, type of valve involved, and risk factors for infective endocarditis. The surgical group presented significantly more cancer history, intracardiac complications, and new-onset arrhythmias compared to the non-surgical group. Median hospital stay was similar in both groups. In SG, the most common postoperative complication was new rhythm disorders; other complications such as cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion, and pneumothorax were rare. In-hospital mortality was similar between groups; however, one-year survival was higher in the surgical group (72% vs. 54%, p = 0.031). In our series, 16 patients were over 75 years old (25%), and 7 of them (44%) underwent cardiac surgery. One-year survival in the surgical group was also higher in this subgroup. Conclusions: Surgical treatment, when indicated, may improve the prognosis of patients with DVIE, including elderly patients. Full article

In this paper we aimed to compare seasonality, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of Influenza A and COVID-19 in the context of influenza reemergence and ongoing Omicron circulation. We performed a retrospective comparative analysis at the Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We included adult patients hospitalized with Influenza A or COVID-19 between 1 November 2022 and 31 March 2024. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, complications, and in-hospital mortality. We included 899 COVID-19 and 423 Influenza A patients. The median age was 74 years for COVID-19 and 65 for Influenza A (p < 0.001). The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was higher in COVID-19 patients (5 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Despite this age gap, acute respiratory failure was more common in Influenza A (62.8% vs. 55.7%, p = 0.014), but ventilation rates did not differ significantly. Multivariate models showed Influenza A was associated with increased risk of intensive-care unit (ICU) admission or ventilation, whereas older COVID-19 patients had higher in-hospital mortality (5.67% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.064). Omicron COVID-19 disproportionately affected older patients with comorbidities, contributing to higher in-hospital mortality. However, Influenza A remained a significant driver of respiratory failure and ICU admission, underscoring the importance of preventive measures in high-risk groups. Full article

Objectives: Early death after trauma has been described several times. Little is known about it after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and decompressive craniectomy (DC). The aim of this study was to characterize patients who die after a TBI and DC during their in-hospital stay. Methods: In a subgroup analysis of a retrospective, multicenter, and observational study, non-survivors from in-hospital stays treated for severe TBI and DC were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used. Results: A total of 223 patients with severe TBI were treated with DC, and there were 65 (29.1%) patients who did not survive. Of these, 22 (33.8%) died within the first 24 h. Non-survivors were older (p = 0.010), and pupillomotor dysfunction and a higher heart rate on admission were more common (p < 0.001). PSM patients for overall survival (41, 18.4%) differed in mean heart rate from the deceased (p = 0.030). In a multivariate model, age (OR: 1.045, p = 0.013, CI95%: 1.010 to 1.082), Quick value (OR: 0.965, p = 0.049, CI95%: 0.931 to 1.000), and heart rate (OR: 1.099, p = 0.030, CI95%: 1.009 to 1.197) were confirmed as predictive factors. Conclusions: Even after DC, known factors, such as chronological age and comorbidities, have a significant influence on mortality. The value of DC in an aging society for a particular severity of TBI should be further assessed on the basis of prospective studies. Full article

Background and Objectives: Transcatheter heart valve (THV) selection is challenging as self-expanding valves (SEVs) are associated with lower post-procedural mean aortic gradients, while balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) have lower rates of paravalvular leak (PVL) and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). We aimed to compare the 30-day and 1-year outcomes following Myval BEV (Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India) and intra-annular Portico SEV (Abbott, St. Paul, MN, USA) implantation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from the all-comer TAVI registry of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, from October 2017 to August 2023. Safety and efficacy outcomes following Myval BEV and Portico SEV implantation were compared overall and after propensity score matching. Results: Of the total 1152 THVs implanted, 97 patients (8%) received a Myval BEV and 47 (4%) a Portico SEV. After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences between the two patient cohorts regarding 30-day (Myval 0.0% vs. Portico 2.9%, p = 1.000) and 1-year mortality (Myval 0.0% vs. Portico 5.9%, p = 0.492). Likewise, the rates of new PPI, device failure (mean aortic gradient and more than mild PVL), and periprocedural in-hospital complications were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis of two intra-annular THVs, the Myval BEV was associated with comparable short- and mid-term outcomes as the Portico SEV. Full article

Introduction: Septic-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is a life-threatening condition in patients with septic shock. Persistent hypoperfusion despite adequate volume status and vasopressor use is associated with poor outcomes and is currently managed with inotropes. However, the superiority of available inotropic agents remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to determine which inotropic agent may be more effective in this clinical scenario. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing levosimendan and dobutamine in patients with septic shock and persistent hypoperfusion. Summary effect estimates, including odds ratios (ORs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using a random-effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed. Results: Of 244 studies screened, 11 RCTs were included. Levosimendan was associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality (OR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47; 0.88) and ICU length of stay (SMD 5.87; 95% CI: –8.37; 20.11) compared with dobutamine. Treatment with levosimendan also resulted in significant reductions in BNP (SMD –1.87; 95% CI: –2.45; −1.2) and serum lactate levels (SMD –1.63; 95% CI: –3.13; −0.12). However, TSA indicated that the current evidence is insufficient to definitively confirm or exclude effects on in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Conclusions: Levosimendan may improve hemodynamics, tissue perfusion, and biomarkers, and may reduce in-hospital mortality and ICU length of stay in patients with SICM compared with dobutamine. However, TSA highlights the need for further studies to inform clinical practice and optimize inotrope selection. Full article

Background and Objectives: Risk stratification in acute heart failure (AHF) remains challenging, particularly in settings where biomarker availability is limited. Echocardiography offers valuable hemodynamic insights, but no single parameter fully captures the complexity of biventricular dysfunction and pressure overload. This study aimed to evaluate a novel echocardiographic index (ViRTUE Index–VTI-RVRA-TAPSE Unified Evaluation) integrating a peak systolic gradient between the right ventricle and right atrium (RV-RA gradient), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), the velocity–time integral in the left ventricular outflow tract (VTI LVOT), NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro–B-type Natriuretic Peptide) levels, and in-hospital mortality among patients with AHF. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients admitted with AHF. Echocardiographic evaluation at admission included TAPSE, VTI LVOT, and the RV-RA gradient. An index was calculated as ${\displaystyle \frac{RV-RA gradient }{TAPSE x VTI LVOT}}$. NT-proBNP levels and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis included correlation, logistic regression, and ROC curve evaluation. Results: The proposed index showed a significant positive correlation with NT-proBNP values (r = 0.543, p < 0.0001) and good discriminative ability for elevated NT-proBNP (AUC = 0.79). It also correlated with in-hospital mortality (r = 0.193, p = 0.032) and showed moderate prognostic performance (AUC = 0.68). Higher index values were associated with greater mortality risk. Conclusions: This novel index, based on standard echocardiographic measurements, reflects both systolic dysfunction and pressure overload in AHF. Its correlation with NT-proBNP and in-hospital mortality highlights its potential as a practical, accessible bedside tool for early risk stratification, particularly when biomarker testing is unavailable or delayed. Full article

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) represents a critical public health threat due to its rapid nosocomial dissemination, limited therapeutic options, and elevated mortality rates. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology, carbapenemase profiles, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of CRKP isolates, as well as the clinical features and outcomes observed in infected or colonized patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and microbiological data from patients with CRKP infections or colonization admitted between January 2023 and January 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to assess prevalence, resistance patterns, and patient outcomes. Two binary logistic regression models were applied to identify independent predictors of sepsis and in-hospital mortality. Results: Among 89 CRKP isolates, 45 underwent carbapenemase typing. More than half were metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producers, with 44.4% co-harbouring NDM and OXA-48-like enzymes. Surgical intervention was associated with a significantly lower risk of sepsis (p < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (p = 0.045), whereas intensive care unit (ICU) stay was a strong predictor of both outcomes. ICU admission conferred a 10-fold higher risk of sepsis (95%Cl 2.4–41.0) and a 40.8-fold higher risk of in-hospital death (95% Cl 3.5–473.3). Limitations: This single-center retrospective study included a limited number of isolates in certain groups. Additionally, cefiderocol (FDC) susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion rather than by the broth microdilution method. Conclusions: Our study underscores the increasing prevalence of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing CRKP, particularly strains harbouring dual carbapenemases. Timely recognition of high-risk patients, combined with the implementation of targeted infection control measures and the integration of novel therapeutic options, is crucial to optimize clinical management and reduce mortality associated with CRKP. Full article

Background/Objectives: High-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (HR-PCIs) often require mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to maintain hemodynamic stability. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and percutaneous left ventricular assist device (PLVAD) are two commonly used MCS devices that differ in their mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes associated with IABP and PLVAD use in HR-PCIs without cardiogenic shock. Methods: We conducted a search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Mendeley, Web of Science, and Embase to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, and we included 13 studies for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary goal was to define the difference in early mortality (in-hospital and 30-day mortality), major bleeding, and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) components (cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI), and stroke/TIA) in IABP and PLVAD. We used a random-effects model with the Mantel–Haenszel statistical method to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among 1 trial and 12 cohort studies (35,554 patients; 30,351 IABP and 5203 PLVAD), HR-PCI with IABP was associated with a higher risk of early mortality (OR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.21, 1.94]) and cardiogenic shock (OR = 2.56, 95% CI [1.98, 3.33]) when compared to PLVAD. No significant differences were found in the rates of arrhythmia, major bleeding, AKI, stroke/TIA, or hospital length of stay. Conclusions: In high-risk PCIs, PLVAD use is associated with lower early mortality and cardiogenic shock risk compared to IABP, with no significant differences in other major outcomes. Full article

Introduction and Aim: Sarcopenia has emerged as a key prognostic factor in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), with potential implications for clinical decision-making. This study aimed to assess the association between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes, mortality, and amputation, using simple, accessible screening tools in a CLTI population. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study conducted between December 2023 and December 2024, 170 patients with CTLI were enrolled. Sarcopenia screening was performed using the SARC-F (strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, falls) questionnaires, handgrip strength measurement, and calf circumference, adjusted for body mass index and sex. The primary outcome was 6-month all-cause mortality and/or major amputation. Results: Sarcopenia was identified in 77 patients (45.3%). Compared to non-sarcopenic individuals, sarcopenic patients were significantly older. They exhibited greater functional impairment, as well as poorer nutritional and muscle status. They also had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (16.9% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.002), 30-day mortality (24.7% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.001), and 6-month mortality (50.6% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.001). Sarcopenia was significantly associated with the primary outcome in univariate analysis (HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.31–3.20; p = 0.002) and remained an independent predictor after multivariate adjustment (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.01–3.79; p = 0.048). Conclusions: Sarcopenia is a strong, independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with CLTI. Its detection through simple tools offers an easy and cost-effective strategy to improve risk stratification and guide early intervention through exercise-based therapy. Full article

Background: The prevalence of cardiogenic shock (CS) resulting from the progression of heart failure (PHF) is increasing and remains associated with high mortality. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who developed CS due to PHF versus those whose CS was caused by other aetiologies (non-PHF). Methods: We retrospectively analysed 280 patients admitted to a Polish tertiary care centre between January 2021 and April 2024. The cohort was divided into two groups: PHF (n = 84, 30%) and non-PHF (n = 196, 70%). Results: Compared to the non-PHF group, PHF patients more frequently had chronic kidney disease (30% vs. 15%, p < 0.01), and significant valvular disease (30% vs. 13%, p < 0.01). PHF patients exhibited significantly lower white blood cell counts (9.4 [6.9–16.4] vs. 13.3 [10.4–17.6], p < 0.01) and troponin T levels (188 [61–1392] vs. 10,921 [809–45,792], p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality was significantly lower among PHF patients (52% vs. 65%, p = 0.04). Although the overall use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) did not differ between groups, significant differences in the types of MCS applied were observed (p < 0.01). Additionally, PHF patients underwent fewer coronary revascularisation procedures (15% vs. 70%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with PHF-related CS exhibit distinct clinical profiles and may experience lower in-hospital mortality when appropriately diagnosed and treated with a personalised approach. Further prospective, multicentre studies are warranted to optimize the management of this growing subgroup of CS patients. Full article

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with significant racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence, disease severity, and outcomes. Cardiovascular complications, including pericarditis, myocarditis, valvular disease, and conduction abnormalities, contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among hospitalized SLE patients in the United States. Methods: This retrospective study utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2021 to analyze hospitalizations of adult patients (≥18 years) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of SLE. Patients were stratified into racial/ethnic groups: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, and Other. Primary outcomes include major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which are a composite of in-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), sudden cardiac death, and other SLE-related outcomes including cardiac, pulmonary, and renal involvement. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and hospital-related factors to assess racial disparities. Results: The study included 514,750 White, 321,395 Black, and 146,600 Hispanic patients, with smaller proportions of Asian, Native American, and Other racial groups. Black patients had significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.08–1.26, p < 0.001) and sudden cardiac death (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.46–1.85, p < 0.001) compared to White patients. Asian patients also exhibited increased mortality risk (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.14–1.63, p = 0.001) as compared to Whites. Conversely, Black (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85–0.96, p = 0.01) and Hispanic (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80–0.96, p = 0.03) patients had lower odds of MI. Racial disparities in access to care, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity burden may contribute to these differences. Conclusion: Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in cardiovascular outcomes among hospitalized SLE patients. Black and Asian individuals face higher in-hospital all-causes mortality and sudden cardiac death risks, while Black and Hispanic patients exhibit lower MI rates. Addressing social determinants of health, improving access to specialized care, and implementing targeted interventions may reduce disparities and improve outcomes in minority populations with SLE. Full article

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of stroke associated with high morbidity and mortality. While neurosurgical evacuation may offer theoretical benefits, its impact on survival and hospital course remains debated. We aimed to compare the outcomes of surgical versus conservative management in patients with lobar, capsulo-lenticular, and thalamic ICH and to identify factors influencing mortality and the surgical decision. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study included adult patients admitted to the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu (2017–2023) with spontaneous supratentorial ICH confirmed via CT (deepest affected structure determining lobar, capsulo-lenticular, or thalamic location). We collected data on demographics, clinical presentation (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS], anticoagulant use), hematoma characteristics (volume, extension), treatment modality (surgical vs. conservative), and in-hospital outcomes (mortality, length of stay). Statistical analyses included t-tests, χ², correlation tests, and logistic regression to identify independent predictors of mortality and surgery. Results: A total of 445 patients were analyzed: 144 lobar, 150 capsulo-lenticular, and 151 thalamic. Surgical intervention was more common in patients with larger volumes and lower GCS. Overall, in-hospital mortality varied by location, reaching 13% in the lobar group, 20.7% in the capsulo-lenticular group, and 35.1% in the thalamic group. Within each location, surgical intervention did not significantly reduce overall in-hospital mortality despite the more severe baseline presentation in surgical patients. In lobar ICH specifically, no clear survival advantage emerged, although surgery may still benefit those most severely compromised. For capsulo-lenticular hematomas > 30 mL, surgery was associated with lower mortality (39.4% vs. 61.5%). In patients with large lobar ICH, surgical intervention was associated with mortality rates similar to those seen in less severe, conservatively managed cohorts. Multivariable adjustment confirmed GCS and hematoma volume as independent mortality predictors; age and volume predicted the likelihood of surgical intervention. Conclusions: Despite targeting more severe cases, neurosurgical evacuation did not uniformly lower in-hospital mortality. In lobar ICH, surgical patients with larger hematomas (~48 mL) and lower GCS (~11.6) had mortality rates (~13%) comparable to less severe, conservative cohorts, indicating that surgical intervention was associated with similar mortality rates despite higher baseline risk. However, these findings do not establish a causal survival benefit and should be interpreted in the context of non-randomized patient selection. For capsulo-lenticular hematomas > 30 mL, surgery was associated with lower observed mortality (39.4% vs. 61.5%). Thalamic ICH remained most lethal, highlighting the difficulty of deep-brain bleeds and frequent ventricular extension. Across locations, hematoma volume and GCS were the primary outcome predictors, indicating the need for timely intervention, better patient selection, and possibly minimally invasive approaches. Future prospective multicenter research is necessary to refine surgical indications and validate these findings. To our knowledge, this investigation represents the largest and most contemporary single-center cohort study of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage conducted in Romania. Full article

Background/Objectives: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment for complications of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. While its use has increased and indications have broadened in recent years, recent comprehensive data on patient characteristics, trends, and in-hospital mortality in Germany are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate current clinical patterns and mortality outcomes associated with TIPS. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study used anonymized hospital data from the German InEK database between 2019 and 2023. TIPS procedures were identified using relevant OPS codes. Patient demographics, liver cirrhosis stage (Child–Pugh), hepatic encephalopathy grade, comorbid conditions, and in-hospital mortality were analyzed descriptively. Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4. Results: A total of 12,905 TIPS procedures were documented. Annual case numbers rose from 2180 in 2019 to 2954 in 2023. Most patients were male (66.3%) and aged 60–74 years. Ascites (68.6%) was the most frequent associated diagnosis, followed by variceal bleeding (16.4%) and hepatorenal syndrome (14.9%). The average hospital stay decreased from 19.6 to 16.8 days. Overall in-hospital mortality was 8.5%, increasing with age (13.0% in ≥75 years), Child–Pugh C cirrhosis (14.9%), PCCL grade 4 (17.6%), hepatorenal syndrome (16.7%), and grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy (56.1%). Conclusions: TIPS usage in Germany has increased over the past five years, with a shift toward earlier disease stages. Higher in-hospital mortality in clinically complex patients underscores the importance of careful patient selection and tailored management strategies in high-risk groups. Full article

Objectives: Patients with acute heart failure (AHF) often receive initial non-invasive ventilation (NIV). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of NIV in patients hospitalized for AHF. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. We enrolled patients admitted to our cardiac intensive care unit with a diagnosis of AHF. Anthropometric, clinical, pharmacological, and instrumental assessments were collected. Both in-hospital and 180-day post-discharge mortality were evaluated. Results: Among 200 patients (mean age 81 ± 9 years; 52% male), NIV was applied in 80 cases (40%). These patients had more severe NYHA functional class, a higher prevalence of de novo AHF, required higher diuretic doses, and had longer hospital stays. In multivariate analysis, NIV remained significantly associated with length of stay (LOS) (r = 0.26; p = 0.0004). In-hospital mortality was 5% overall and significantly higher in the NIV group compared to non-NIV patients (10% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). At 180 days, mortality was also significantly higher in the NIV group [hazard ratio (HR) 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–2.85; p = 0.006]. After adjusting for age, BNP, CRP, arterial blood gas parameters, renal function, and LVEF, NIV remained an independent predictor of 180-day mortality (HR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.01–2.54; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Patients with AHF who required NIV exhibited more severe disease and longer hospital stays. NIV use was independently associated with both in-hospital and post-discharge mortality, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic marker in AHF. Full article

Introduction/objectives: Peritonitis resulting from Candida spp. is common among critically ill patients and has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effects of isolates of Candida species in patients with peritonitis on in-hospital mortality, general hospital stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in two highly complex hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia, specifically by reference to patients who were hospitalized in the ICU between 2016 and 2022 with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of peritonitis. For the analysis conducted for this research, two groups were established: patients with isolates of Candida spp. in the peritoneum and patients who had at least one bacterial microorganism in the culture. Multivariate logistic regression models and counting models featuring different mortality outcomes, different lengths of stay in the ICU, and different lengths of stay in the hospital were generated to evaluate the effect of the presence of Candida spp. and to account for potentially confounding variables. Results: A total of 373 patients, including 83 with Candida spp. and 290 with a bacterial etiology, were identified. Among the former group of patients, the most frequently identified species were C. albicans (50, 60.2%), C. tropicalis (18, 21.7%), and C. glabrata (7, 8.4%), whereas among the latter group, E. coli (186, 48.5%), K. pneumoniae (110, 29.8%), and E. faecalis (63, 16.9%) were most frequent. The 30-day mortality rate among patients with peritonitis and Candida isolates was 36.1%, and the corresponding rate among patients in the bacterial peritonitis group was 31.4% (p = 0.071). After adjustments were made to account for covariates, no significant differences were observed in mortality at 30 days (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.20–1.18), length of hospital stay (iRR 1.11, 95% CI 0.90–1.40), or length of stay in the ICU (iRR 1.11, 95% CI 0.39) with respect to patients with peritonitis without fungal isolates. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS2) (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03–1.06), World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) score (OR 1.11, (1.03–1.19), previous use of antifungals (OR 2.33, 1.21–4.52), and connective tissue disease (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.30–10.99) were associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions: The isolation of Candida species in peritoneal fluid from critically ill patients with peritonitis was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, or length of ICU stay after adjustments were made to account for other variables. Full article