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Keywords = hyperledger caliper

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24 pages, 1806 KB  
Article
Optimization of Cleaning and Hygiene Processes in Healthcare Using Digital Technologies and Ensuring Quality Assurance with Blockchain
by Semra Tebrizcik, Süleyman Ersöz, Elvan Duman, Adnan Aktepe and Ahmet Kürşad Türker
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8460; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158460 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 779
Abstract
Many hospitals still lack digital traceability in hygiene and cleaning management, leading to operational inefficiencies and inconsistent quality control. This study aims to establish cleaning and hygiene processes in healthcare services that are planned in accordance with standards, as well as to enhance [...] Read more.
Many hospitals still lack digital traceability in hygiene and cleaning management, leading to operational inefficiencies and inconsistent quality control. This study aims to establish cleaning and hygiene processes in healthcare services that are planned in accordance with standards, as well as to enhance the traceability and sustainability of these processes through digitalization. This study proposes a Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain architecture to establish a reliable and transparent quality assurance system in process management. The proposed Quality Assurance Model utilizes digital technologies and IoT-based RFID devices to ensure the transparent and reliable monitoring of cleaning processes. Operational data related to cleaning processes are automatically recorded and secured using a decentralized blockchain infrastructure. The permissioned nature of Hyperledger Fabric provides a more secure solution compared to traditional data management systems in the healthcare sector while preserving data privacy. Additionally, the execute–order–validate mechanism supports effective data sharing among stakeholders, and consensus algorithms along with chaincode rules enhance the reliability of processes. A working prototype was implemented and validated using Hyperledger Caliper under resource-constrained cloud environments, confirming the system’s feasibility through over 100 TPS throughput and zero transaction failures. Through the proposed system, cleaning/hygiene processes in patient rooms are conducted securely, contributing to the improvement of quality standards in healthcare services. Full article
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21 pages, 4454 KB  
Article
Food Safety Distribution Systems Using Private Blockchain: Ensuring Traceability and Data Integrity Verification
by Seung Eel Oh, Jong-Hoon Kim, Ji-Young Kim and Jae-Hwan Ahn
Foods 2025, 14(8), 1405; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14081405 - 18 Apr 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
The complexity of contemporary supply chains and the rise in foodborne illness cases have made ensuring food safety and traceability a top responsibility on a worldwide scale. Traditional traceability systems are prone to data tampering, fragmentation, and limited compatibility. Public blockchains have scalability, [...] Read more.
The complexity of contemporary supply chains and the rise in foodborne illness cases have made ensuring food safety and traceability a top responsibility on a worldwide scale. Traditional traceability systems are prone to data tampering, fragmentation, and limited compatibility. Public blockchains have scalability, latency, and privacy problems that limit their use in real-time food safety systems, despite the fact that blockchain provides a secure data structure. Using Hyperledger Fabric, GS1 EPCIS standards, and Internet of Things-enabled environmental sensors, this paper suggests a private blockchain-based food safety monitoring system. To guarantee fault-tolerant, high-throughput processing in a permissioned blockchain setting, a Raft consensus mechanism was used. Hyperledger Caliper was used to benchmark the system once it was deployed with four nodes. According to experimental data, transaction throughput peaked at 230.2 TPS and averaged 207.4 ± 10.2 TPS. As the network grew from two to four nodes, latency increased somewhat from 259.3 ± 9.5 ms to 278.7 ± 9.1 ms, while block finalization time stayed below 3.184 ± 0.113 s. Over 114,925 documented transactions, data integrity was confirmed to be flawless. These results demonstrate that private blockchain technology can provide effective, scalable, and impenetrable food traceability, boosting openness and confidence throughout food networks. Full article
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33 pages, 866 KB  
Article
Secure Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Smart Cities: A Blockchain-Based Smart Contract Approach
by Abdullahi Chowdhury, Sakib Shahriar Shafin, Saleh Masum, Joarder Kamruzzaman and Shi Dong
Smart Cities 2025, 8(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8010033 - 15 Feb 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2365
Abstract
Increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the expansion of EV charging infrastructure present opportunities for enhancing sustainable transportation within smart cities. However, the interconnected nature of EV charging stations (EVCSs) exposes this infrastructure to various cyber threats, including false data injection, man-in-the-middle [...] Read more.
Increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the expansion of EV charging infrastructure present opportunities for enhancing sustainable transportation within smart cities. However, the interconnected nature of EV charging stations (EVCSs) exposes this infrastructure to various cyber threats, including false data injection, man-in-the-middle attacks, malware intrusions, and denial of service attacks. Financial attacks, such as false billing and theft of credit card information, also pose significant risks to EV users. In this work, we propose a Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain network for EVCSs to mitigate these risks. The proposed blockchain network utilizes smart contracts to manage key processes such as authentication, charging session management, and payment verification in a secure and decentralized manner. By detecting and mitigating malicious data tampering or unauthorized access, the blockchain system enhances the resilience of EVCS networks. A comparative analysis of pre- and post-implementation of the proposed blockchain network demonstrates how it thwarts current cyberattacks in the EVCS infrastructure. Our analyses include performance metrics using the benchmark Hyperledger Caliper test, which shows the proposed solution’s low latency for real-time operations and scalability to accommodate the growth of EV infrastructure. Deployment of this blockchain-enhanced security mechanism will increase user trust and reliability in EVCS systems. Full article
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23 pages, 621 KB  
Article
A Dynamic Trading Approach Based on Walrasian Equilibrium in a Blockchain-Based NFT Framework for Sustainable Waste Management
by Ch Sree Kumar, Aayushman Bhaba Padhy, Akhilendra Pratap Singh and K. Hemant Kumar Reddy
Mathematics 2025, 13(3), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13030521 - 5 Feb 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1451
Abstract
It is becoming harder to manage the growing amounts of waste generated daily at an increasing rate. These problems require an efficient solution that guarantees effectiveness and transparency and maintains trust within the community. To improve the process of traditional waste management, we [...] Read more.
It is becoming harder to manage the growing amounts of waste generated daily at an increasing rate. These problems require an efficient solution that guarantees effectiveness and transparency and maintains trust within the community. To improve the process of traditional waste management, we proposed a unique solution, “GREENLINK”, which uses a combination of blockchain technology with the concept of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and Walrasian equilibrium. Zero-knowledge proofs (cryptographic protocols) are used to verify organizations and prove compliance (e.g., certification, recycling capacity) without disclosing sensitive information. Through an iterative bidding process, the proposed framework employs Walrasian equilibrium, a technique to balance supply and demand, guaranteeing equitable pricing and effective resource distribution among participants. The transactions and waste management activities are securely recorded on an immutable ledger, ensuring accountability, traceability, and transparency. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated. Parameters like average latency, TPS, and memory consumption are calculated using Hyperledger Caliper (a blockchain performance benchmark framework). Full article
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25 pages, 16510 KB  
Article
Hyperledger Fabric-Based Multi-Channel Structure for Data Exchange in Internet of Vehicles
by Yiluo Liu, Yaokai Feng and Kouichi Sakurai
Electronics 2025, 14(3), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14030572 - 31 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1913
Abstract
The rapid growth of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) requires secure, efficient, and reliable data exchanges among multiple stakeholders. Traditional centralized database systems can hardly address the challenges associated with data privacy, integrity, and scalability in this decentralized ecosystem. In this paper, we [...] Read more.
The rapid growth of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) requires secure, efficient, and reliable data exchanges among multiple stakeholders. Traditional centralized database systems can hardly address the challenges associated with data privacy, integrity, and scalability in this decentralized ecosystem. In this paper, we propose a Hyperledger Fabric-Based Multi-Channel Structure to overcome these limitations. By leveraging the blockchain architecture, the system ensures data confidentiality and integrity by segregating data into exclusive channels and enabling different organizations to collaborate. Cross-channel communication ensures security when data are interacted with. Chaincodes automate transactions and enhance trust between participants. Our functional tests and performance tests by using Hyperledger Caliper verified the effectiveness of the system in real-world scenarios, highlighting its advantages over traditional systems in terms of decentralization, transparency, and security. Future work will focus on enhancing the user experience and integrating the system with edge computing. Eventually, attempts will be made to operationalize it in real-world environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Technologies for Data Management, Processing and Application)
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22 pages, 2450 KB  
Article
Building a Sustainable Digital Infrastructure for Higher Education: A Blockchain-Based Solution for Cross-Institutional Enrollment
by Ali Saleh Alammary
Sustainability 2025, 17(1), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010194 - 30 Dec 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2568
Abstract
Educational cooperation in higher education offers valuable opportunities for students and institutions alike. However, it also introduces significant challenges, particularly regarding student enrollment processes. Traditional centralized systems for managing this task can pose issues around authority, transparency, accountability, security, and cost, often hindering [...] Read more.
Educational cooperation in higher education offers valuable opportunities for students and institutions alike. However, it also introduces significant challenges, particularly regarding student enrollment processes. Traditional centralized systems for managing this task can pose issues around authority, transparency, accountability, security, and cost, often hindering scalability and sustainable growth. This paper introduces the Cross-Institutional Blockchain Enrollment System (BCHEEN), a novel decentralized platform designed to streamline and enhance cross-institutional enrollment processes. Un-like existing solutions, BCHEEN employs a unique hybrid architecture that leverages blockchain technology to ensure transparency and security while maintaining scalability through innovative off-chain data management using the “replicate when used” approach. The platform was prototyped as a permissioned blockchain platform using the Hyperledger Composer framework and evaluated through functional, performance, and security analyses using tools such as Cucumber and Hyperledger Caliper. Evaluation results show that BCHEEN achieved a peak throughput of 18 tps at a send rate of 47 tps, with an average latency of 4.32 s under the same conditions, demonstrating its scalability and reliability. Furthermore, a computational cost analysis highlights the efficiency of the “replicate when used” approach in reducing storage overhead while preserving data integrity. BCHEEN’s practical impact includes streamlining enrollment processes, reducing administrative costs, and fostering secure, scalable, and transparent inter-institutional collaboration. These contributions position BCHEEN as a transformative tool for higher education, supporting policy advancements and promoting resilience and sustainability in educational practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Education and Technology Development)
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26 pages, 4128 KB  
Article
Blockchain-Based Multistage Continuous Authentication for Smart Devices
by Yue Yao, Xiaomei Zhang, Haomin Hu, Huibin Liu, Rong Huang and Zejie Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12641; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312641 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
With the increasing connectivity between multiple smart devices in the Internet of Vehicles, privacy and security have become stringent threats due to unauthorized access. To overcome this issue, designing continuous authentication systems has become an important research topic because of the advantages of [...] Read more.
With the increasing connectivity between multiple smart devices in the Internet of Vehicles, privacy and security have become stringent threats due to unauthorized access. To overcome this issue, designing continuous authentication systems has become an important research topic because of the advantages of continuous monitoring of users after the initial access to the smart devices. Unfortunately, the existing systems are based on a third-party centralized structure, and most of them suffer storage pressure on equipment, thus resulting in significant security hazards and limited performance. In this paper, we propose a multistage continuous authentication system based on blockchain technology and the IPFS, which achieves decentralization and reduces storage pressure. In the first stage of authentication, we adopt Hyperledger Fabric to implement the underlying technical architecture of the blockchain to enhance the security and reliability of identity parameters. The preoutputs of the first-stage authentication are compared against behavioral biometric characteristics stored in the IPFS that aim to accomplish the final authentication. In particular, we use fuzzy extractors to deal with behavioral biometric feature templates, thus solving the privacy problem caused by user information leakage. To evaluate the security of our system, we prove the correctness of the communication protocol and two-way authentication of the scheme using BAN Logic. Furthermore, we use Hyperledger Caliper to analyze the impact of the sending rate of authentication requests on various performance parameters such as throughput, memory, and CPU utilization of the authentication system. Security and experimental results show that: (i) We solve the problem of centralized authentication and can resist replay attacks. (ii) Our scheme can maintain high throughput and effectively reach consensus. Compared to related works, the throughput is improved by 8.6%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods and Technologies for Intelligent Vehicles: 2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 11398 KB  
Article
An Approach for Risk Traceability Using Blockchain Technology for Tracking, Tracing, and Authenticating Food Products
by Urvashi Sugandh, Swati Nigam, Manju Khari and Sanjay Misra
Information 2023, 14(11), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/info14110613 - 15 Nov 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4566
Abstract
Regulatory authorities, consumers, and producers alike are alarmed by the issue of food safety, which is a matter of international concern. The conventional approaches utilized in food quality management demonstrate deficiencies in their capacity to sufficiently address issues related to traceability, transparency, and [...] Read more.
Regulatory authorities, consumers, and producers alike are alarmed by the issue of food safety, which is a matter of international concern. The conventional approaches utilized in food quality management demonstrate deficiencies in their capacity to sufficiently address issues related to traceability, transparency, and accountability. The emergence of blockchain technology (BCT) has provided a feasible approach to tackle the challenge of regulating food safety. This research paper presents a methodology for implementing blockchain technology to establish risk traceability in the context of monitoring, tracing, and authenticating agricultural products. The proposed system underwent a comprehensive evaluation, which placed significant emphasis on simulation parameters and assessment standards. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system through the assessment of various quantitative metrics, including throughput, latency, and resource utilization. The Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Caliper were employed in the formulation and assessment of algorithms intended for agricultural supply chain management. The configuration comprising two entities and two peers achieved the highest write throughput (205.87 transactions per second; TPS), thereby demonstrating the network’s effective transaction processing capability. In a two-organization, two-peer system, the mean latency for read operations exhibited variability spanning from 0.037 to 0.061 s, contingent upon the transaction rates and accounting for the duration needed for network processing and validation. The results were visually depicted, offering a distinct demonstration of the system’s efficacy under various conditions. This study presents a quantitative analysis that illustrates the efficacy of the blockchain system in enhancing the traceability of agricultural products across the entire supply chain. The results of this research suggest that the implementation of blockchain technology could potentially enhance both the security and efficacy of food supply management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Models for Blockchain Systems: Analysis and Simulation)
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25 pages, 2065 KB  
Article
Hyperledger Fabric-Based Tea Supply Chain Production Data Traceable Scheme
by Chin-Ling Chen, Wan-Bing Zhan, Der-Chen Huang, Ling-Chun Liu, Yong-Yuan Deng and Chin-Guo Kuo
Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13738; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813738 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6066
Abstract
With the advent of Industry 4.0, blockchain is one of the emerging technologies that can be used in multiple fields, especially in supply chain networks, where it is considered a sustainable concept technology. Because of its decentralization, reliability, transparency, consistency, and traceability, blockchain [...] Read more.
With the advent of Industry 4.0, blockchain is one of the emerging technologies that can be used in multiple fields, especially in supply chain networks, where it is considered a sustainable concept technology. Because of its decentralization, reliability, transparency, consistency, and traceability, blockchain can challenge existing conventional models in supply chain scenarios. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that integrates the technology of Blockchain 3.0 (Hyperledger Fabric) into the tea supply chain. The concept of data traceability driven by blockchain technology consists of documenting the tea supply chain system, in which the cultivation, processing, and retailing of tea leaves are documented, and optimizing the existing anti-counterfeiting mechanisms. The ECDSA algorithm is used to confirm the identity among the entities located in the Hyperledger Fabric channel, and IPFS technology is introduced to store tea traceability data to solve the problem of data increment in the tea production process. Only the hash value and traceability code of the traceability data are stored in the block. We analyze the relationship between the number of transactions and latency, and we can see the latency time of both write and read transactions. The system tested write transactions and read transactions with a minimum write speed of 0.97 s and a maximum of 6.26 s and a minimum read speed of 0.1 s and a maximum of 4.62 s via Caliper analysis. The experimental results show that the performance analysis sounds good. This study uses distributed theory and service-oriented thinking in its specific application to the tea supply chain system model and takes each entity through a B2B connection to achieve anti-counterfeit traceability in the tea supply chain of a regulatory nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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23 pages, 5503 KB  
Article
Enhancing Healthcare Management during COVID-19: A Patient-Centric Architectural Framework Enabled by Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain
by Sabita Khatri, Khalil al-Sulbi, Abdulaziz Attaallah, Md Tarique Jamal Ansari, Alka Agrawal and Rajeev Kumar
Information 2023, 14(8), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/info14080425 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3497
Abstract
The highly transmissible COVID-19 virus has wreaked havoc on the global economy, health, and lives. The abrupt burst and exponential spread of this pandemic has shown the inadequacies of existing healthcare institutions in handling a public health emergency. As governments around the world [...] Read more.
The highly transmissible COVID-19 virus has wreaked havoc on the global economy, health, and lives. The abrupt burst and exponential spread of this pandemic has shown the inadequacies of existing healthcare institutions in handling a public health emergency. As governments around the world strive to re-establish their economies, open workplaces, ensure safe journeys, and return to regular life, they require solutions to reduce losses. The proposed framework provides virtual assistance from various medical practitioners and physicians. Furthermore, it promotes the accuracy of information gathered from COVID-19 patients, which can aid in the launch of a variety of government decisions and public guidelines aimed at combating health exigencies. The authors present a revolutionary blockchain-based solution that builds trust between the medical professionals and patients while preventing accidental coronavisrus transmission. This solution also keeps track of COVID-19 patients and improves EHR management, which can be a viable solution for common EHR challenges such as lowering the risk of patient data loss, maintaining privacy and security, and obtaining immutable consensus on the maintenance of health records, gaps in hospital communication, and inefficient clinical data retrieval methods. This research work describes a COVID-19 patient-centric blockchain-based EHR employing JavaScript-based smart contracts for a decentralized healthcare management system. The proposed Hyperledger fabric and a Composer-based working prototype ensure the model’s security and the authenticity of the health records. The authors used the Hyperledger Caliper benchmarking tool, which measures latency, throughput, resource utilization, etc., under different conditions and control parameters. The findings highlight the importance of the proposed blockchain-enabled architecture in revolutionizing healthcare administration during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, promoting enhanced clinical outcomes and supporting patient-centered care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain in Healthcare: The Past, the Present and the Future)
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19 pages, 674 KB  
Article
Online Voting Scheme Using IBM Cloud-Based Hyperledger Fabric with Privacy-Preservation
by Ross Clarke, Luke McGuire, Mohamed Baza, Amar Rasheed and Maazen Alsabaan
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7905; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137905 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3559
Abstract
The current traditional paper ballot voting schemes suffer from several limitations such as processing delays due to counting paper ballots, lack of transparency, and manipulation of the ballots. To solve these limitations, an electronic voting (e-voting) scheme has received massive interest from both [...] Read more.
The current traditional paper ballot voting schemes suffer from several limitations such as processing delays due to counting paper ballots, lack of transparency, and manipulation of the ballots. To solve these limitations, an electronic voting (e-voting) scheme has received massive interest from both governments and academia. In e-voting, individuals can cast their vote online using their smartphones without the need to wait in long lines. Additionally, handicapped voters who face limited wheelchair access in many polling centers could now participate in elections hassle-free. The existing e-voting schemes suffer from several limitations as they are either centralized, based on public blockchains, or utilize local private blockchains. This results in privacy issues (using public blockchains) or large financial costs (using local/private blockchains) due to the amount of computing power and technical knowledge needed to host blockchains locally. To address the aforementioned limitations, in this paper, we propose an online voting scheme using IBM cloud-based Hyperledger Fabric. Our scheme allows voters to cast their encrypted votes in a secure manner. Then any participant can obtain the ballot results in a decentralized and transparent manner, without sacrificing the privacy of individual voters. We implement the proposed scheme using IBM cloud-based Hyperledger Fabric. The experimental results identify the performance characteristics of our scheme and demonstrate that it is feasible to run an election consisting of thousands of participants using cloud-based Fabric. Full article
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21 pages, 649 KB  
Article
Medical-Waste Chain: A Medical Waste Collection, Classification and Treatment Management by Blockchain Technology
by Hai Trieu Le, Khoi Le Quoc, The Anh Nguyen, Khoa Tran Dang, Hong Khanh Vo, Huong Hoang Luong, Hieu Le Van, Khiem Huynh Gia, Loc Van Cao Phu, Duy Nguyen Truong Quoc, Tran Huyen Nguyen, Ha Xuan Son and Nghia Duong-Trung
Computers 2022, 11(7), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11070113 - 9 Jul 2022
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 6119
Abstract
To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2019 has seen unprecedented demand for medical equipment and supplies. However, the problem of waste treatment has not yet been given due attention, i.e., the traditional waste treatment process is done independently, and it is [...] Read more.
To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2019 has seen unprecedented demand for medical equipment and supplies. However, the problem of waste treatment has not yet been given due attention, i.e., the traditional waste treatment process is done independently, and it is not easy to share the necessary information. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the interaction between parties is minimized to limit infections. To evaluate the current system at medical centers, we also refer to the traditional waste treatment processes of four hospitals in Can Tho and Ho Chi Minh cities (Vietnam). Almost all hospitals are handled independently, lacking any interaction between the stakeholders. In this article, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based system for automating waste treatment processes for medical equipment and supplies after usage among the relevant parties, named Medical-Waste Chain. It consists of four components: medical equipment and supplies, waste centers, recycling plants, and sorting factories. Medical-Waste Chain integrates blockchain-based Hyperledger Fabric technology with decentralized storage of medical equipment and supply information, and securely shares related data with stakeholders. We present the system design, along with the interactions among the stakeholders, to ensure the minimization of medical waste generation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution using system-wide timing and latency analysis based on the Hyperledger Caliper engine. Our system is developed based on the hybrid-blockchain system, so it is fully scalable for both on-chain and off-chain-based extensions. Moreover, the participants do not need to pay any fees to use and upgrade the system. To encourage future use of Medical-Waste Chain, we also share a proof-of-concept on our Github repository. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ICCSA 2021)
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20 pages, 14422 KB  
Article
A Novel Blockchain-Based Healthcare System Design and Performance Benchmarking on a Multi-Hosted Testbed
by Nihar Ranjan Pradhan, Akhilendra Pratap Singh, Sahil Verma, Kavita, Navneet Kaur, Diptendu Sinha Roy, Jana Shafi, Marcin Wozniak and Muhammad Fazal Ijaz
Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3449; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093449 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 4832
Abstract
As a result of the proliferation of digital and network technologies in all facets of modern society, including the healthcare systems, the widespread adoption of Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) has become the norm. At the same time, Blockchain has been widely accepted as [...] Read more.
As a result of the proliferation of digital and network technologies in all facets of modern society, including the healthcare systems, the widespread adoption of Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) has become the norm. At the same time, Blockchain has been widely accepted as a potent solution for addressing security issues in any untrusted, distributed, decentralized application and has thus seen a slew of works on Blockchain-enabled EHRs. However, most such prototypes ignore the performance aspects of proposed designs. In this paper, a prototype for a Blockchain-based EHR has been presented that employs smart contracts with Hyperledger Fabric 2.0, which also provides a unified performance analysis with Hyperledger Caliper 0.4.2. The additional contribution of this paper lies in the use of a multi-hosted testbed for the performance analysis in addition to far more realistic Gossip-based traffic scenario analysis with Tcpdump tools. Moreover, the prototype is tested for performance with superior transaction ordering schemes such as Kafka and RAFT, unlike other literature that mostly uses SOLO for the purpose, which accounts for superior fault tolerance. All of these additional unique features make the performance evaluation presented herein much more realistic and hence adds hugely to the credibility of the results obtained. The proposed framework within the multi-host instances continues to behave more successfully with high throughput, low latency, and low utilization of resources for opening, querying, and transferring transactions into a healthcare Blockchain network. The results obtained in various rounds of evaluation demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Computational Intelligence for Virus and Bacteria Detection in Multi Surface Environments)
(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
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22 pages, 7134 KB  
Article
Design and Development of a Blockchain-Based System for Private Data Management
by Prasanth Varma Kakarlapudi and Qusay H. Mahmoud
Electronics 2021, 10(24), 3131; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243131 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 12634
Abstract
The concept of blockchain was introduced as the Bitcoin cryptocurrency in a 2008 whitepaper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchain has applications in many domains, such as healthcare, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data management. Data management is defined as obtaining, processing, [...] Read more.
The concept of blockchain was introduced as the Bitcoin cryptocurrency in a 2008 whitepaper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchain has applications in many domains, such as healthcare, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data management. Data management is defined as obtaining, processing, safeguarding, and storing information about an organization to aid with making better business decisions for the firm. The collected information is often shared across organizations without the consent of the individuals who provided the information. As a result, the information must be protected from unauthorized access or exploitation. Therefore, organizations must ensure that their systems are transparent to build user confidence. This paper introduces the architectural design and development of a blockchain-based system for private data management, discusses the proof-of-concept prototype using Hyperledger Fabric, and presents evaluation results of the proposed system using Hyperledger Caliper. The proposed solution can be used in any application domain where managing the privacy of user data is important, such as in health care systems. Full article
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23 pages, 8752 KB  
Article
Hyperledger Healthchain: Patient-Centric IPFS-Based Storage of Health Records
by Vinodhini Mani, Prakash Manickam, Youseef Alotaibi, Saleh Alghamdi and Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf
Electronics 2021, 10(23), 3003; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10233003 - 2 Dec 2021
Cited by 123 | Viewed by 11853
Abstract
Blockchain-based electronic health system growth is hindered by privacy, confidentiality, and security. By protecting against them, this research aims to develop cybersecurity measurement approaches to ensure the security and privacy of patient information using blockchain technology in healthcare. Blockchains need huge resources to [...] Read more.
Blockchain-based electronic health system growth is hindered by privacy, confidentiality, and security. By protecting against them, this research aims to develop cybersecurity measurement approaches to ensure the security and privacy of patient information using blockchain technology in healthcare. Blockchains need huge resources to store big data. This paper presents an innovative solution, namely patient-centric healthcare data management (PCHDM). It comprises the following: (i) in an on-chain health record database, hashes of health records are stored as health record chains in Hyperledger fabric, and (ii) off-chain solutions that encrypt actual health data and store it securely over the interplanetary file system (IPFS) which is the decentralized cloud storage system that ensures scalability, confidentiality, and resolves the problem of blockchain data storage. A security smart contract hosted through container technology with Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus ensures patient privacy by verifying patient preferences before sharing health records. The Distributed Ledger technology performance is tested under hyper ledger caliper benchmarks in terms of transaction latency, resource utilization, and transaction per second. The model provides stakeholders with increased confidence in collaborating and sharing their health records. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Based Electronic Healthcare Solution and Security)
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