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Search Results (234)

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18 pages, 1203 KiB  
Communication
Efficacy of a Novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain (LP815TM) in Reducing Canine Aggression and Anxiety: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial with Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment
by Emmanuel M. M. Bijaoui and Noah P. Zimmerman
Animals 2025, 15(15), 2280; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15152280 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Behavioral issues in domestic dogs represent a significant welfare concern affecting both canines and their caregivers, with prevalence rates reported to range from 34 to 86% across the population. Current treatment options, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine, often present limitations [...] Read more.
Behavioral issues in domestic dogs represent a significant welfare concern affecting both canines and their caregivers, with prevalence rates reported to range from 34 to 86% across the population. Current treatment options, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine, often present limitations including adverse effects and delayed efficacy. This randomized, placebo-controlled (maltodextrin) study investigated the effects of a novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain (LP815TM) on canine behavioral concerns through gut–brain axis modulation. Home-based dogs (n = 40) received either LP815TM (n = 28) or placebo (n = 12) daily for 4 weeks, with behavioral changes assessed using the comprehensive Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) and continuous activity monitoring. After the intervention period, dogs receiving LP815TM showed significant improvements in aggression (p = 0.0047) and anxiety (p = 0.0005) compared to placebo controls. These findings were corroborated by objective activity data, which demonstrated faster post-departure settling, reduced daytime sleep, and improved sleep consistency in the treatment group. Throughout >1120 administered doses, no significant adverse events were reported, contrasting favorably with pharmaceutical alternatives. The concordance between our findings and previous research using different L. plantarum strains suggests a consistent biological mechanism, potentially involving GABA production and vagal nerve stimulation. These results indicate that LP815TM represents a promising, safe alternative for addressing common canine behavioral concerns with potential implications for improving both canine welfare and the human–animal bond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Companion Animals)
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13 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Cardiometabolic Factors in Latino Individuals of Mexican Ancestry at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An El Banco Biobank Cross-Sectional Study
by Ludovica Verde, Dawn K. Coletta, Yann C. Klimentidis, Linsday N. Kohler, Lisa Soltani, Oscar D. Parra, Sairam Parthasarathy, Lawrence J. Mandarino and Giovanna Muscogiuri
Nutrients 2025, 17(15), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152476 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 164
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Latinos, particularly those of Mexican ancestry, experience high rates of type 2 diabetes and sleep disturbances, exacerbating adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and its associations with diet, cardiometabolic risk factors, and glycemic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Latinos, particularly those of Mexican ancestry, experience high rates of type 2 diabetes and sleep disturbances, exacerbating adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and its associations with diet, cardiometabolic risk factors, and glycemic control in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the El Banco por Salud biobank, including 1685 participants (aged 52.6 ± 14.5 years, BMI: 32.4 ± 7.0 kg/m2) recruited from Federally Qualified Community Health Centers. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, while dietary information was obtained via the Brief Dietary Assessment Tool for Hispanics. Primary outcomes included cardiometabolic risk factors and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Results: Excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale > 10) was present in 22.0% of participants and was associated with higher BMI (p < 0.001), larger waist circumference (p = 0.002), poorer diet quality, increased dyslipidemia (p = 0.036), and elevated HbA1c (p = 0.007). Linear regression analyses confirmed that excessive daytime sleepiness was significantly associated with higher HbA1c levels, both in unadjusted (R2 = 0.011; p < 0.001) and adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, and socioeconomic factors (R2 = 0.107; p = 0.004) models. Conclusions: Excessive daytime sleepiness among Latinos of Mexican ancestry is associated with unhealthy dietary patterns and poor glycemic control, highlighting the need for targeted interventions addressing sleep and dietary habits in this vulnerable population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diabetes Diet: Making a Healthy Eating Plan)
26 pages, 3356 KiB  
Article
Integrating Urban Factors as Predictors of Last-Mile Demand Patterns: A Spatial Analysis in Thessaloniki
by Dimos Touloumidis, Michael Madas, Panagiotis Kanellopoulos and Georgia Ayfantopoulou
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(8), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9080293 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 210
Abstract
While the explosive growth in e-commerce stresses urban logistics systems, city planners lack of fine-grained data in order to anticipate and manage the resulting freight flows. Using a three-stage analytical approach combining descriptive zonal statistics, hotspot analysis and different regression modeling from univariate [...] Read more.
While the explosive growth in e-commerce stresses urban logistics systems, city planners lack of fine-grained data in order to anticipate and manage the resulting freight flows. Using a three-stage analytical approach combining descriptive zonal statistics, hotspot analysis and different regression modeling from univariate to geographically weighted regression, this study integrates one year of parcel deliveries from a leading courier with open spatial layers of land-use zoning, census population, mobile-signal activity and household income to model last-mile demand across different land use types. A baseline linear regression shows that residential population alone accounts for roughly 30% of the variance in annual parcel volumes (2.5–3.0 deliveries per resident) while adding daytime workforce and income increases the prediction accuracy to 39%. In a similar approach where coefficients vary geographically with Geographically Weighted Regression to capture the local heterogeneity achieves a significant raise of the overall R2 to 0.54 and surpassing 0.70 in residential and institutional districts. Hot-spot analysis reveals a highly fragmented pattern where fewer than 5% of blocks generate more than 8.5% of all deliveries with no apparent correlation to the broaden land-use classes. Commercial and administrative areas exhibit the greatest intensity (1149 deliveries per ha) yet remain the hardest to explain (global R2 = 0.21) underscoring the importance of additional variables such as retail mix, street-network design and tourism flows. Through this approach, the calibrated models can be used to predict city-wide last-mile demand using only public inputs and offers a transferable, privacy-preserving template for evidence-based freight planning. By pinpointing the location and the land uses where demand concentrates, it supports targeted interventions such as micro-depots, locker allocation and dynamic curb-space management towards more sustainable and resilient urban-logistics networks. Full article
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12 pages, 3374 KiB  
Article
Activity Patterns of Bharal (Pseudois nayaur) from a Subtropical Forest Area Based on Camera Trap Data
by Zhuo Tang, Wei Chen, Shufeng Wang, Zhouyuan Li, Tianpei Guan and Jian Yang
Diversity 2025, 17(8), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17080525 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 122
Abstract
Understanding the activity patterns of a species is essential for developing sound conservation and management plans. In this study, we used a camera-trapping technique to determine the activity patterns of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) in a marginal population in Wolong National Nature [...] Read more.
Understanding the activity patterns of a species is essential for developing sound conservation and management plans. In this study, we used a camera-trapping technique to determine the activity patterns of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) in a marginal population in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. Our results showed that these animals preferred to be active in the daytime from 08:00 to 20:00, with an activity peak between 10:00 and 14:00. In addition, we found that the species had a seasonal activity pattern with higher activity frequency in summer than in winter and that bharal were most active in a temperature range of 3–11 °C and at night with a waxing crescent moon, implying that the activity rhythm of the species is an adaptation to a subtropical high-altitude alpine area with vertical zonation in temperature. The pattern of movement and activity was also correlated with the moon phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity Conservation)
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14 pages, 596 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Parafunctional Habits on Temporomandibular Disorders in Medical Students
by Michał Zemowski, Yana Yushchenko and Aneta Wieczorek
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155301 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Their etiology is complex and multifactorial, involving anatomical, behavioral, and psychosocial contributors. Parafunctional habits such as clenching, grinding, and abnormal jaw positioning have been proposed as [...] Read more.
Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Their etiology is complex and multifactorial, involving anatomical, behavioral, and psychosocial contributors. Parafunctional habits such as clenching, grinding, and abnormal jaw positioning have been proposed as contributing factors, yet their individual and cumulative contributions remain unclear. This exploratory cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of parafunctional habits and their association with TMD in medical students—a group exposed to elevated stress levels. Subjects were examined in Krakow, Poland, using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol. Methods: Participants completed a 21-item Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC) assessing the frequency of oral behaviors on a 0–4 scale. A self-reported total parafunction load was calculated by summing individual item scores (range: 0–84). Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between individual and total parafunction severity scores and TMD presence. Results: The study included 66 individuals aged 19–30. TMD was diagnosed in 55 participants (83.3%). The most commonly reported habits were resting the chin on the hand (90.9%) and sleeping in a jaw-compressing position (86.4%). Notably, jaw tension (OR = 14.5; p = 0.002) and daytime clenching (OR = 4.7; p = 0.027) showed significant associations with TMD in the tested population. Each additional point in the total parafunction score increased TMD odds by 13.6% (p = 0.004). Conclusions: These findings suggest that parafunctional behaviors—especially those involving chronic muscle tension or abnormal mandibular positioning—may meaningfully contribute to the risk of TMD in high-stress student populations. Moreover, the cumulative burden of multiple low-intensity habits was also significantly associated with increased TMD risk. Early screening for these behaviors may support prevention strategies, particularly among young adults exposed to elevated levels of stress. Full article
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34 pages, 5790 KiB  
Article
Urban Densification and Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Scenario-Based Analysis in Zurich’s Altstetten–Albisrieden District
by Yingying Jiang and Sacha Menz
Land 2025, 14(8), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14081516 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 164
Abstract
The growing urban population has made densification a key focus of urban development. It is crucial to create an urban planning strategy that understands the environmental, social, and economic effects of densification at both the district and city levels. In Switzerland, densification is [...] Read more.
The growing urban population has made densification a key focus of urban development. It is crucial to create an urban planning strategy that understands the environmental, social, and economic effects of densification at both the district and city levels. In Switzerland, densification is a legally binding aim to foster housing and jobs within urban boundaries. The challenge is to accommodate population growth while maintaining a high quality of life. Zurich exemplifies this situation, necessitating the accommodation of approximately 25% of the anticipated increase in both the resident population and associated workplaces, as of 2016. This study examined the effects of urban densification on urban forms and microclimates in the Altstetten–Albisrieden district. It developed five densification scenarios based on current urban initiatives and assessed their impacts. Results showed that the current Building and Zoning Plan provides sufficient capacity to accommodate growth. Strategies such as densifying parcels older than fifty years and adding floors to newer buildings were found to minimally impact existing urban forms. Using the SOLWEIG model in the Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP), this study simulated mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) in the selected urban areas. The results demonstrated that densification reduced daytime average temperatures by 0.60 °C and diurnal averages by 0.23 °C, but increased average nighttime temperatures by 0.38 °C. This highlights the importance of addressing warm nights. The study concludes that well-planned densification can significantly contribute to urban liveability, emphasising the need for thoughtful building design to improve outdoor thermal comfort. Full article
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23 pages, 3620 KiB  
Article
Temperature Prediction at Street Scale During a Heat Wave Using Random Forest
by Panagiotis Gkirmpas, George Tsegas, Denise Boehnke, Christos Vlachokostas and Nicolas Moussiopoulos
Atmosphere 2025, 16(7), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16070877 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
The rising frequency of heatwaves, combined with the urban heat island effect, increases the population’s exposure to high temperatures, significantly impacting the health of vulnerable groups and the overall well-being of residents. While mesoscale meteorological models can reliably forecast temperatures across urban neighbourhoods, [...] Read more.
The rising frequency of heatwaves, combined with the urban heat island effect, increases the population’s exposure to high temperatures, significantly impacting the health of vulnerable groups and the overall well-being of residents. While mesoscale meteorological models can reliably forecast temperatures across urban neighbourhoods, dense networks of in situ measurements offer more precise data at the street scale. In this work, the Random Forest technique was used to predict street-scale temperatures in the downtown area of Thessaloniki, Greece, during a prolonged heatwave in July 2021. The model was trained using data from a low-cost sensor network, meteorological fields calculated by the mesoscale model MEMO, and micro-environmental spatial features. The results show that, although the MEMO temperature predictions achieve high accuracy during nighttime compared to measurements, they exhibit inconsistent trends across sensor locations during daytime, indicating that the model does not fully account for microclimatic phenomena. Additionally, by using only the observed temperature as the target of the Random Forest model, higher accuracy is achieved, but spatial features are not represented in the predictions. In contrast, the most reliable approach to incorporating spatial characteristics is to use the difference between observed and mesoscale temperatures as the target variable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Heat Islands, Global Warming and Effects)
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16 pages, 26966 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Heat Effects of Building Material Stock in Chinese Megacities
by Leizhen Liu, Yi Zhou, Liqing Tan and Rukun Jiang
Smart Cities 2025, 8(4), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8040119 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Urbanization is accompanied by an increased use of building materials. However, the lack of high-resolution building material stock (BMS) maps limits our understanding of the relationship between BMS and urban heat. To address this, we estimated BMS across eight typical Chinese megacities using [...] Read more.
Urbanization is accompanied by an increased use of building materials. However, the lack of high-resolution building material stock (BMS) maps limits our understanding of the relationship between BMS and urban heat. To address this, we estimated BMS across eight typical Chinese megacities using multi-source geographic data and investigated the relationship between BMS and land surface temperature (LST). The results showed that (1) the total BMS for the eight megacities was 9175.07 Mt, with Beijing and Shanghai having the largest shares. While BMS correlated significantly with population, growth patterns varied across cities. (2) Spatial autocorrelation between BMS and LST was evident. Around 16% of urban areas exhibited High–High clustering between BMS and LST, decreasing to 10% during the daytime. The relationship between BMS and LST is nonlinear, and also prominent at night, especially in Beijing. (3) Diverse building forms, especially building height, contribute to a nonlinear relationship between BMS and LST. Full article
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9 pages, 387 KiB  
Article
Diastolic Blood Pressure Abnormalities and Their Relationship with Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
by Anna Stępniewska, Ewa Szczudlik, Dorota Drożdż, Joanna Nazim, Jerzy Starzyk, Dominika Januś and Małgorzata Wójcik
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(13), 4704; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134704 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, partly due to coexisting blood pressure (BP) disturbances. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is recommended for detecting subtle BP abnormalities, yet the relationship between glycemic control, T1D duration, and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, partly due to coexisting blood pressure (BP) disturbances. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is recommended for detecting subtle BP abnormalities, yet the relationship between glycemic control, T1D duration, and specific BP disturbances remains unclear. This study evaluated associations between HbA1c levels, T1D duration, and ABPM-derived BP parameters in a pediatric population with T1D. Methods: We included 357 children and adolescents (aged 7–18.8 years) with T1D treated at a tertiary center. All participants underwent 24 h ABPM. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c; values > 6.5% were considered suboptimal. We analyzed associations between HbA1c, T1D duration, and various BP parameters, including daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic BP, nocturnal dipping, and hypertension defined by ABPM criteria. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of elevated HbA1c. Results: Arterial hypertension was confirmed in 10% of patients, and 41% showed a non-dipping BP profile. There were no significant differences in HbA1c or T1D duration between dippers and non-dippers. However, patients with HbA1c > 6.5% had significantly higher 24 h diastolic BP and were more likely to meet hypertension criteria (p = 0.009). In univariate regression, both longer T1D duration (OR = 1.086; p = 0.033) and higher 24 h diastolic BP (OR = 1.065; p = 0.0068) were associated with elevated HbA1c. Both remained significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Impaired glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1D was independently associated with higher 24 h diastolic BP and longer diabetes duration. Full article
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11 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Night-Time Bracing Can Reduce Pain in Adults with Scoliosis: Six-Month Results of a Retrospective Controlled Study
by Fabio Zaina, Martina Poggio, Sabrina Donzelli, René Castelein, Francesca Di Felice and Stefano Negrini
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(13), 4493; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134493 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 871
Abstract
Background: Severe scoliosis can lead to chronic low back pain (cLBP) and may progress in adulthood. While day-time bracing is commonly used to alleviate pain and improve function, the role of night-time bracing remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the six-month effectiveness [...] Read more.
Background: Severe scoliosis can lead to chronic low back pain (cLBP) and may progress in adulthood. While day-time bracing is commonly used to alleviate pain and improve function, the role of night-time bracing remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the six-month effectiveness of a custom-made night-time brace in reducing pain in adults with scoliosis, compared to a prefabricated brace worn for 2–4 h during the day. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary outpatient clinic specializing in spinal deformities. Adults with scoliosis (≥30° Cobb) and cLBP were divided into two groups: the study group used a custom-made night-time thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO), while the control group wore a prefabricated brace (Peak) for 2–4 h daily. Pain and functional outcomes were assessed at baseline and after six months. Results: The study group included 25 women (mean age, 62.3 ± 9.5 years; Cobb angle, 60.4 ± 17.7°) who wore the night-time brace for an average of 7.2 ± 2.2 h per night. The control group comprised 20 women (mean age, 67.8 ± 10.5 years; Cobb angle, 61.9 ± 12.6°). At six months, the worst pain significantly improved in the TLSO group compared to the Peak group (F = 6.32, p = 0.0158). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups for back pain, leg pain, Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI), or Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Conclusions: Night-time bracing shows interesting results on pain at six months in adults with severe scoliosis and back pain. These preliminary results open a new perspective that needs further verification and will help design more robust studies to verify what we found and identify the population more responsive to this approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical New Insights into Management of Scoliosis)
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12 pages, 559 KiB  
Review
Mirogabalin for Neuropathic Pain: A Review of Non-Opioid Pharmacotherapy with Insights from Japan
by Mizuho Sumitani, Takamichi Kogure, Hiroaki Abe, Rikuhei Tsuchida, Reo Inoue and Masahiko Sumitani
Future Pharmacol. 2025, 5(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/futurepharmacol5030031 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1289
Abstract
Background and Aim: Neuropathic pain leads to a significant deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Treating neuromusculoskeletal pain is especially important to prevent and improve physical frailty and the locomotive syndrome. Varied pharmacotherapies could be applicable for neuropathic pain patients, but evidence [...] Read more.
Background and Aim: Neuropathic pain leads to a significant deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Treating neuromusculoskeletal pain is especially important to prevent and improve physical frailty and the locomotive syndrome. Varied pharmacotherapies could be applicable for neuropathic pain patients, but evidence has been limited for a wide range of neuropathic pain conditions with different etiologies. The aim of this review was to highlight mirogabalin, a novel calcium channel α2δ ligand which was first approved in Japan, and which is effective for various types of neuropathic pain diseases. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the recent evidence that mirogabalin has significant analgesic potency for varied types of neuropathic pain conditions. Futher, this review highlighted specific advantages over other calcium channel ligands. Results: Analgesic potency of mirogabalin could cover peripheral neuropathic pain conditions including post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, cauda equina syndrome caused by lumbar spinal stenosis, radiculopathy caused by cervical spondylosis, and also central neuropathic pain conditions like spinal cord injury. Mirogabalin consistently demonstrated daytime sleepiness and dizziness as adverse effects, but most of these were mild. Conclusions: Mirogabalin is recommended as the first-line drug against most molecular mechanisms that cause neuropathic pain regardless of whether they have a peripheral or central origin. Mirogabalin demonstrates relatively less daytime sleepiness, making it age-friendly in the current global situation where population aging is accelerated. Considering the epidemic of ‘opiophobia’ in Japan and other countries, pharmacotherapy using mirogabalin could treat neuropathic pain associated with cancer and its treatment (e.g., chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy), as well as non-cancer etiologies worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Future Pharmacology 2025)
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17 pages, 1205 KiB  
Article
Quantifying Long-Term Spatiotemporal Variation in and Drivers of the Surface Daytime Urban Heat Island Effect in Major Chinese Cities: Perspectives from Different Climate Zones
by Minxue Zheng, Dianwei Zheng, Qiu Shen and Feng Jia
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14(7), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14070239 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 495
Abstract
The urban heat island (UHI) effect and its associated extreme weather events have adverse impacts on human environment-coupled systems. However, the spatiotemporal variations in the UHI effect, as well as potential influencing factors, across climate zones remain poorly understood. This study explored how [...] Read more.
The urban heat island (UHI) effect and its associated extreme weather events have adverse impacts on human environment-coupled systems. However, the spatiotemporal variations in the UHI effect, as well as potential influencing factors, across climate zones remain poorly understood. This study explored how climate zones influenced the spatiotemporal variation in, trends in, and drivers of summer daytime surface UHI intensity (SUHII) in 220 Chinese cities located in five climate zones from 2000 to 2020. SUHII was quantified using MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data and remote sensing-derived urban built-up area masks were used to quantify SUHII. The Mann–Kendall test was applied to detect long-term SUHII trends, while Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to identify key climatic and geographic drivers across different climate zones. The results indicated summer daytime SUHII values of 1.75 °C ± 1.19 °C, 1.74 °C ± 0.81 °C, 2.37 °C ± 0.75 °C, 2.14 °C ± 1.00 °C, and 2.36 °C ± 0.91 °C for the middle temperate zone (MTZ), south temperate zone (STZ), north subtropical zone (NSZ), middle subtropical zone (MSZ), and south subtropical zone (SSZ), respectively. In most cities, the SUHII increased significantly over time (p < 0.05). Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and net radiation (NR) were moderately correlated with the SUHII in the MTZ, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.465 and 0.42 (p < 0.05). Using a multivariate stepwise regression model, the relative contributions of various influencing factors to the UHI effect were quantified, explaining 27.1% to 57.2% of the variation across different climate zones. In particular, the economic vulnerability index and population density were the main factors affecting the SUHII in the MTZ and SSZ. Our findings support the development of policies aimed at mitigating the UHI effect by addressing the specific requirements of different climate zones to reduce. Full article
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7 pages, 398 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Utilizing Arterial Tonometry in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis
by Michelle Chiu, Bethany Bartley, Elizabeth Gootkind, Salma Batool-Anwar, Donald G. Keamy, Thomas Bernard Kinane, Lael M. Yonker and Kevin S. Gipson
Adv. Respir. Med. 2025, 93(3), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/arm93030020 - 17 Jun 2025
Viewed by 442
Abstract
Poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness are commonly reported by individuals with cystic fibrosis. The potential impact of comorbid sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), has not been extensively studied in the CF population. At present, there are no specific [...] Read more.
Poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness are commonly reported by individuals with cystic fibrosis. The potential impact of comorbid sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), has not been extensively studied in the CF population. At present, there are no specific recommendations available to help clinicians identify patients with CF who are at increased risk of sleep disorders. Home sleep apnea testing using a validated peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) device may offer an accurate diagnosis of OSA in a more convenient and low-cost method than in-lab polysomnography. In this single-center study of 19 adults with CF, we found an increased prevalence of OSA among individuals with CF compared to general population estimates. Although associations with an FEV < 70% predicted and a modified Mallampati score ≥ 3 were observed, these odds ratios did not reach statistical significance, likely reflecting limited power in this small pilot sample. There was no association found between the self-reported presence of nocturnal cough or snoring and OSA. We also found no association between OSA and abnormal scores on commonly used, validated sleep questionnaires, suggesting that CF-specific scales may be needed for effective screening in the CF clinic. Full article
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12 pages, 602 KiB  
Article
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Sleep Apnea Parameters and Cheyne–Stokes Respiration in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Petar Kalaydzhiev, Tsvetelina Velikova, Yanitsa Davidkova, Gergana Voynova, Angelina Borizanova, Natalia Spasova, Neli Georgieva, Radostina Ilieva, Elena Kinova and Assen Goudev
Biomedicines 2025, 13(6), 1474; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061474 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 626
Abstract
Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR), is highly prevalent among patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated cardiorenal benefits in heart failure, but their effects on nocturnal [...] Read more.
Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR), is highly prevalent among patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated cardiorenal benefits in heart failure, but their effects on nocturnal respiratory parameters remain underexplored. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of SGLT2i therapy on key respiratory and cardiac indices including CSR burden, oxygenation, and right heart function in patients with ADHF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods: In this single-center prospective cohort study, 60 patients with ADHF, LVEF < 40%, and a baseline apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 were assessed before and three months after the initiation of SGLT2i therapy. Sleep respiratory parameters were measured using home polygraphy (ApneaLinkTM), while cardiac and renal indices were evaluated by echocardiography, NT-proBNP, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Structural and functional echocardiographic changes were analyzed both at baseline and following the 3-month treatment period. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Results: After 3 months of SGLT2i therapy, significant improvements were observed in daytime sleepiness (ESS: −2.68 points; p < 0.001), CSR index (−5.63 events/h; p < 0.001), AHI (−3.07 events/h; p < 0.001), ODI (−6.11 events/h; p < 0.001), and mean nocturnal SpO2 (+1.95%; p < 0.001). KCCQ scores increased by 9.16 points (p < 0.001), indicating improved quality of life. Cardiac assessments revealed reductions in NT-proBNP (−329.6 pg/mL; p < 0.001) and E/e′ ratio (−1.08; p < 0.001), with no significant change in LVEF or chamber dimensions. Right ventricular function improved, as evidenced by the increased TAPSE/sPAP ratio (+0.018; p < 0.001). Renal function remained stable, with a non-significant upward trend in eGFR. Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors may be associated with the attenuation of Cheyne–Stokes respiration and an improvement in right heart function in patients with ADHF, warranting further investigation in controlled trials. These findings highlight the potential of SGLT2is to address overlapping cardio-respiratory dysfunction in this high-risk population. Full article
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25 pages, 4654 KiB  
Article
The Impacts of Heatwaves on Population Distribution in the Subtropical City: A Case Study of Nanchang, China
by Zixun Chen and Zongcai Wei
Land 2025, 14(6), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14061209 - 5 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 427
Abstract
Global warming has intensified the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban areas, significantly affecting residents’ daily activities. Extant studies have mainly concentrated on the relationship between socio-economic attributes and the impacts of heatwaves on urban populations. However, the relationship between the [...] Read more.
Global warming has intensified the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban areas, significantly affecting residents’ daily activities. Extant studies have mainly concentrated on the relationship between socio-economic attributes and the impacts of heatwaves on urban populations. However, the relationship between the built environment and the impacts of heatwaves on urban population distribution has not received much attention. Furthermore, most studies have overlooked the temporal heterogeneity in heatwave impacts on population activities and distribution. Therefore, taking the central urban area of Nanchang as the case, this study investigated the impacts of heatwaves on population distribution and their temporal heterogeneity. Moreover, it identified the nonlinear relationships between built environment factors and population changes during heatwaves by using the XGBoost model and SHAP method. The results revealed that heatwaves exerted the largest impacts on population distribution during weekend nights, followed by weekend daytime and weekday nighttime, with the least impacts observed during weekday daytime. Furthermore, location and transportation factors significantly affected population changes during heatwaves across most time periods, with their influences being associated with policy factors such as the high-temperature leave policy for workers in industrial zones located in urban fringe areas and the cooling zone establishment policy for citizens in subway stations. Moreover, land use and building form factors exhibited significant temporal heterogeneity in their impacts on population changes during heatwaves. This temporal heterogeneity was fundamentally driven by individuals’ heat adaptation behaviors, the spatiotemporal patterns of their daily activities, and the diurnal variations in the built environment’s influence on local thermal environment. These findings provide valuable insights to proactively alleviate the adverse impacts of heatwaves. Full article
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