120,039 Results Found

The fatigue allowance effectively mitigates declines in physiological state due to work fatigue. An appropriate allowance rate facilitates timely recovery for employees and serves as a crucial basis for labor quota formulation. In this paper, the act...

This paper endeavors to paint a comprehensive picture of the social security provision of allowances for persons with disabilities in Nepal. It uses a rapid review to understand the policies and practices related to the social security allowances. Th...

The initial allocation of tradable carbon emission allowances is among the most contentious issues in developing an emission trading scheme (ETS). China faces serious dilemmas of system complexity and information incompleteness and asymmetry in alloc...

Many countries and scholars have used various strategies to improve and optimize the allocation ratios for carbon emission allowances. This issue is more urgent for China due to the uneven development across the country. This paper proposes a new met...

In this paper, we forecast the price of CO₂ emission allowances using an artificial intelligence tool: neural networks. We were able to provide confident predictions of several future prices by processing a set of past data. Different model structure...

During the milling of thin-walled blades, the removal of material exhibits strong time-varying dynamics, leading to chatter and a decrease in surface quality. To address the issue of milling vibrations in the machining of complex thin-walled blades u...

In order to combat climate change and control emissions in the aviation industry, it is necessary to research the aviation industry’s potential application of China’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), especially the carbon allowance allocation (CAA). O...

This study examines the deferred tax valuation allowance disclosures of a sample of venture-capital-backed IPO firms that incurred a net operating loss (NOL) in the period prior to their public offering (IPO). I find that 82 percent of these firms re...

Machining allowance distribution and related parameter optimization of machining processes have been well-discussed. However, for energy saving purposes, the optimization priorities of different machining phases should be different. There are often s...

As people concern themselves with environmental problems, the right to emit carbon dioxide becomes a new resource with business value that is incorporated in firms’ budgets. This paper studies the optimal emission abatement decision for firms i...

A pilot regional carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) has been implemented in China for more than two years. An investigation into the impacts of different factors on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission allowance prices provides guidance for price-making i...

Understanding and examining energy markets correctly is crucial for stakeholders to attain maximum benefit and avoid risks. As a matter of fact, the volatility that occurred in energy markets and recent crises had major impacts on national economies....

Current European animal transportation law contains only a few and vague indications concerning how to move lambs of less than 26 kg. Moreover, little information is available in the literature about factors affecting these lambs’ welfare. We i...

Background/Objectives: Europe’s demographic shift is putting increasing pressure on long-term care (LTC) systems and raising concerns about the sustainability of LTC financing. In this paper, we analyse Austria’s LTC system, particularly...

European Union Allowances (EUAs) are rights to emit CO₂ that may be sold or bought by enterprises. They were originally created to try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, although they have become assets that may be used by financial intermediaries t...

Buildings aged 20 years or older account for 63.34% of all edifices in Korea. To ensure sustainable construction, apartment managers must plan and allocate financial resources to maintain communal facilities. However, on the one hand, long-term repai...

Guided by China’s “Dual Carbon” targets, the construction of its carbon market advances steadily. As a key policy mechanism for promoting emissions reduction and sustainable development, the emissions trading system plays a vital ro...

Sensor technologies that measure grazing and ruminating behaviour as well as physical activities of individual cows are intended to be included in precision pasture management. One of the advantages of sensor data is they can be analysed to support f...

Transmission gear is a key component of vehicles and its surface integrity affects the safety of the transmission system as well as the entire mechanical system. The design and optimization of allowances in form grinding are important for improving d...

Excretion and lying are key behavioral factors that cause pen fouling, thereby affecting pig welfare, pathogen fecal–oral transmission, and air quality in pig housing. This study investigated the effect of space allowance and toy provision on t...

As the result of climate change and deteriorating global environmental quality, nations are under pressure to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of GDP. China has announced that it is aiming not only to reduce carbon emission per uni...

The planned material volume to be removed from a blank to create the final shape of a part is commonly referred to as allowance. Determination of machining allowance is essential and has a great impact on productivity. The objective of the present wo...

We propose the EGARCH-MIDAS-CPU model, which incorporates the leverage effect and climate policy uncertainty (CPU) to model and forecast European Union allowance futures’ (EUAF) volatility. An empirical analysis based on the daily data of the E...

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between climate policy uncertainty (CPU), clean energy (ENERGY), carbon emission allowance prices (CARBON), and Bitcoin returns (BTC) for the period from August 2012 to August 2022. The empirical an...

Accurate acquisition of dynamic load allowance (DLA) based on measurement data is essential to the safety assessment of a bridge. When static load tests cannot be achieved, and filtering fails, the estimated DLAs from the experimental method vary wid...

The relevant value standards for reserved deformation of tunnels with different types of loess soil are not yet perfect. Through mathematical statistics, literature research, and other methods, 148 monitoring sections of loess tunnels with different...

The massive emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has begun to threaten the survival of human beings and the balance of the Earth’s ecology. If carbon emission is left unchecked, we will face terrible consequences. Closed-loop s...

Transporting livestock at high stocking density by ship presents significant risks to their welfare, especially if it is over long distances. Previous research has investigated small variations in density for long periods or a moderate variation for...

Creating conditions for a sustainable level of quality of life for older people is considered the dominant priority when setting up the pension system with an emphasis on the income situation of Slovak seniors for old-age pensions. An old-age pension...

In order to achieve its 2030 carbon emission peak target, China needs to adjust and allocate energy consumption and initial carbon emission allowances for each province in a phased and planned manner. Thus, this study applied an improved dynamic unde...

The carbon emissions from coal-fired power have become an increasing concern to governments around the world. In this paper, a carbon emissions allowances allocation based on the equilibrium strategy is proposed to mitigate coal-fired power generatio...

To analyze the effect of carbon emission quota allocation on the locational marginal price (LMP) of day-ahead electricity markets, this paper proposes a two-stage algorithm. For the first stage of the algorithm, a multi-objective optimization model i...

With the increasing demands for detailed design of composite aircraft structures, the method of covering all damages with low design allowables cannot meet the current requirements for aircraft structure design. Herein, this paper proposes a novel al...

The aim of the paper is to investigate how child allowances affect population growth and pension benefits of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems in small open and closed economies. We apply an overlapping-generations (OLG) model in its canonical for...

Understanding the stochastic nature of emissions allowances is crucial for risk management in emissions trading markets. In this study, we discuss the emissions allowances spot price within the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme: Powernext and E...

The calculation of the continuous allowable current of an underground cable is determined by various characteristics. To calculate the allowable current in cables with alternating magnetic fields such as AC, special phenomena such as the proximity ef...

The article describes the importance of dimensional allowances, which are a consequence of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for work safety. The method of 3D scanning was proposed for determining the dimensional allowances which has bee...

There are two types of dimensional allowance (inner and external) related to two distinct areas of occupational health and safety: those being a measure of fit of personal protective equipment (PPE) and those determining the safe and comfortable huma...

In many manufacturing or service industries, there exists maximum allowable tardiness for orders, according to purchase contracts between the customers and suppliers. Customers may cancel their orders and request compensation for damages, for breach...

The economics of grazing dairy cows offered a range of herbage allowances and fed supplements as a partial mixed ration (PMR) were examined where profit was defined as the margin between total milk income and the cost of pasture plus PMR supplement....

Sea level is projected to rise in the coming centuries as a result of a changing climate. One of the major uncertainties is the projected contribution of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica to sea-level rise (SLR). Here, we study the impact of...

Additive manufacturing (AM) process methods such as powder bed fusion (LPBF) of metal powder layers can produce layered material systems with designed microstructures, which may exhibit scatter in mechanical properties (e.g., lower yield and lower fa...

An interesting question for linear programming (LP) algorithms is how to deal with solutions in which the number of nonzero variables is less than the number of rows of the matrix in standard form. An approach is that of basis deficiency-allowing (BD...

Existing reinforced concrete building structures have low lateral resistance capacities due to seismically deficient details. Since these building structures suffer an increase in axial loads to the main structural elements due to green retrofits (e....

This study evaluated different herbage allowances from mid to late pregnancy on pre- and postpartum physiological responses, milk production, and the performance of Nellore cows and the preweaning growth of their female offspring. Sixty multiparous N...

The Emissions Trading System in the European Union was introduced to achieve the climate goal of reducing emissions by around 43% between 1990 and 2030. Accordingly, the costs of emission allowances are part of power generation and, by extension, the...

This study focuses on the transparency of financial reporting on emission allowances (EA) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). In particular, the different accounting treatments adopted by st...

Up-to-date anthropometric data on the human population are needed for designing safe and ergonomically efficient workplaces. An important determinant of safety and ergonomic comfort at work is knowledge of the value of dimensional allowances (DAs) wh...

This study was carried out through two separate experiments aiming at evaluating the effects of two space allowances (0.54 and 0.62 m²/pig in summer and 0.44 m²/pig and 0.50 m²/pig in winter) on the behavioural and physiological response, and meat qu...

The steady-state assumption commonly used in object-based tracking algorithms may be insufficient to determine the right track when a convective storm goes through a complicated evolution. Such an issue is exacerbated by the relatively coarse output...