Search Results (38,999)

Background: Treatment options for vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) remain limited; therefore, therapies that improve quality of life and reduce neoplastic risk are needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential option. This study aimed to evaluate quality of life and sexual function in patients treated according to the protocol used at our institution. Methods: Forty patients with refractory VLS underwent PDT using a 10% 5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion (Ameluz^®) applied to lesions under an occlusive aluminum foil dressing. Patients received 1–6 sessions of 10 min illumination (LED: 37 J/cm², ~77 mW/cm²) at 4–6-week intervals. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used for assessment. Results: Thirty-seven participants answered DLQI, while 20 declared themselves to be sexually active and were included in the analysis. Greater number of PDT sessions was associated with a lower DLQI score (τ = −0.583; adjusted p < 0.001). The number of PDT sessions and the total FSFI score (p = 0.014), as well as desire (p = 0.016), arousal (p = 0.020), orgasm (p = 0.020), and satisfaction (p = 0.016) domains were significantly correlated. Age correlated positively with DLQI scores (p = 0.016), indicating greater disease burden in older patients. Longer disease duration was also associated with poorer quality of life (p = 0.020). Conclusions: PDT can be considered an effective treatment for patients with VLS refractory to standard topical corticosteroid and calcineurin inhibitor therapies when delivered using a refined, patient-centered protocol. This optimized approach used in our institution is based on short irradiation time and precise light delivery, providing a favorable balance between therapeutic efficacy, patient comfort, and treatment feasibility. Our findings also suggest that the cumulative number of PDT sessions is a key factor for clinical response. Further studies should address long-term outcomes. Full article

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the dynamic deposition behavior, growth mechanism, and mechanical properties of nickel–tungsten (Ni-W) alloy films on single-crystal Al(001) substrates. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of W atoms lowers the Ehrlich–Schwoebel (ES) barrier for Ni adatoms, facilitating downhill diffusion and effectively suppressing Volmer–Weber (VW) mode, thereby improving surface morphology and reducing film roughness. Additionally, W atoms exhibit a tendency to segregate at grain boundaries, inducing lattice distortion and structural disorder. With increasing W content (≥15 at%), the films undergo a transition from a nanocrystalline to an amorphous structure. Nanoindentation simulations reveal that film hardness increases with W content, with the strengthening mechanism being composition-dependent: dislocation pinning dominates at low W concentrations (≤5 at%), while the formation of an amorphous structure emerges as the primary strengthening mechanism at higher W contents (≥15 at%). This work elucidates the growth regulation and strengthening mechanisms of Ni-W films from an atomic-scale perspective, providing a theoretical foundation and simulation-driven guidance for the design and optimization of high-performance, environmentally benign Ni-W coatings. Full article

The weak-field, quasi-static regime of gravity is commonly described by the Newton–Poisson equation as an effective response law. We construct this response within a cost-first discrete variational framework. The Recognition Composition Law (RCL) uniquely selects a reciprocal closure cost within the restricted quadratic symmetric composition class; together with the discrete ledger axioms AX1–AX5 (including conservation) and standard DEC refinement, the Newton–Poisson baseline is then recovered in the instantaneous-closure limit. Conditional on Assumption AS1 (scale-free latency) and Assumption AS2 (causal frequency–wavenumber ansatz), allowing finite equilibration introduces fractional memory into the response, yielding a scale-free modification of the source–potential relation characterized by a power-law kernel $w_{\ker }\left(k\right)=1+C{(k_0/k)}^{\alpha }$ in Fourier space. The kernel exponent $\alpha =\frac{1}{2}(1-{\phi }^{-1})\approx 0.191$, where $\phi =(1+\sqrt{5})/2$, is derived from self-similarity of the discrete ledger closure; the amplitude $C={\phi }^{-2}\approx 0.382$ is identified as a hypothesis from a three-channel factorization argument. We evaluate this quasi-static kernel-motivated response against SPARC galaxy rotation curves under a strict global-only protocol (fixed $M/L=1$, no per-galaxy tuning, conservative ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{tot}}$), using a controlled multiplicative surrogate for the full nonlocal disk operator implied by the kernel. In this deliberately over-constrained setting, the surrogate interface achieves $\mathrm{median}({\chi }^2/N)=3.06$ over 147 galaxies (2933 points), outperforming a strict global-only NFW benchmark and remaining less efficient than MOND under identical constraints. The analysis is restricted to the non-relativistic, quasi-static sector and should be read as a falsifier-oriented galactic-regime consistency check of the scaling window, not as a relativistic completion or a claim of Solar System viability without additional UV regularization/screening. Full article

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is essential for the efficient operation of residential energy systems and microgrids, as reliable short-term predictions enable improved energy scheduling, demand management, and operational planning in distributed energy environments. In this study, one-hour-ahead forecasting of residential PV power generation is investigated using real-world data collected from multiple households within an Irish energy community. Several deep-learning architectures, including long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), convolutional neural networks (CNN), CNN–LSTM hybrid networks, and attention-based LSTM models, are evaluated and compared with a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) statistical model. A sliding-window approach is employed to transform the PV time series into a supervised learning problem. To ensure statistical robustness, deep-learning models are evaluated using a multi-run framework, and results are reported as mean ± standard deviation based on MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and R² metrics across multiple households. The results indicate that deep-learning models achieve consistently strong forecasting performance, with GRU frequently providing the most reliable predictions across several households. For instance, in House 5, GRU achieved an RMSE of 142.02 ± 1.87 W and an R² of 0.694 ± 0.008, while in Houses 11 and 13 it attained R² values of 0.837 ± 0.002 and 0.835 0.08, respectively. However, performance varied across households, reflecting the influence of data variability and generation patterns on model effectiveness. In comparison, the SARIMA model demonstrated competitive performance and, in certain cases, outperformed deep-learning models. For example, in House 4, it achieved the lowest RMSE of 90.68 W and the highest R² of 0.709. Overall, these findings highlight that while deep-learning models offer greater adaptability and stability, statistical models remain effective for more regular PV generation patterns. Consequently, the study emphasizes the importance of evaluating forecasting models under realistic household-level conditions and demonstrates that both deep-learning and statistical approaches can provide short-term PV forecasting. Full article

The rotational evolution of pulsars is governed by torque mechanisms whose mathematical structure encodes fundamental symmetries of the underlying physics. We demonstrate that the standard spin-down equation $\dot{f}=-sf-r{f}^3-g{f}^5$ derives from a discrete antisymmetry requirement, namely invariance of the torque under reversal of rotation sense, which restricts the frequency dependence to odd integer powers. We show that physically motivated plasma processes systematically break this symmetry, introducing fractional frequency exponents: viscous Ekman pumping at the crust–superfluid boundary layer ($f^{3/2}$), magnetohydrodynamic turbulent dissipation via Kolmogorov and Sweet–Parker cascades ($f^{10/3}$, $f^{11/3}$), non-linear superfluid vortex dynamics ($f^{5/2}$), and saturated r-mode oscillations ($f^{7-2\beta }$). The central result is an exact analytical resolution of the long-standing Crab pulsar braking index puzzle: the observed $n=2.51\pm 0.01$, which has defied explanation for nearly four decades, emerges naturally from the superposition of magnetic dipole radiation ($\dot{f}\propto f^3$) and boundary layer Ekman pumping ($\dot{f}\propto f^{3/2}$), with analytically derived coefficients yielding a dipole-component surface field $B_p=6.2\times {10}^{12}$ G—higher than the standard $\sqrt{P\dot{P}}$ estimate of $3.8\times {10}^{12}$ G, because that formula conflates dipole and non-dipole torques, but lower than applying the Larmor formula to the full spin-down rate ($7.6\times {10}^{12}$ G), since $32.7\%$ of the total torque is non-radiative boundary-layer dissipation. We develop the Riemann–Liouville fractional calculus formalism for these equations, showing that fractional derivatives break time-translation symmetry through intrinsic memory effects, with solutions expressed in terms of Mittag-Leffler and Fox H-functions that interpolate continuously between exponential (fully symmetric) and power-law (scale-free symmetric) relaxation. Lambert–Tsallis $W_q$ functions with non-extensive parameter q encoding broken statistical symmetry enable equation-of-state-independent inference of neutron star compactness and tidal deformability. Our framework establishes a unified symmetry-based classification of pulsar spin-down mechanisms and predicts frequency-dependent braking indices evolving at rate $\mathrm{d}n/\mathrm{d}t\sim 2\times {10}^{-4}$ yr⁻¹, yielding $\mathrm{\Delta }n\approx 0.01$ over 50 years—testable with current pulsar timing programmes. The formalism provides a coherent theoretical foundation connecting plasma microphysics at the neutron star interior to macroscopic observables in electromagnetic and gravitational wave channels. Full article

Background/Objectives: The growing prevalence of obesity necessitates innovative gut-targeted material strategies to modulate diet-associated metabolic dysfunction. This study investigates a spray-dried konjac glucomannan–montmorillonite (KGM-MMT) hybrid designed to integrate fermentable polysaccharide properties with luminal lipid-adsorptive clay functions within a single micro-engineered formulation. Methods: In HFD-fed mice treated for 42 days with 2% w/w KGM-MMT, cumulative body weight gain was attenuated by 7.6%, with an AUC of 5094 ± 52.95, compared to 5513 ± 81.35 in HFD controls (p < 0.0001). Results: Serum IL-6 concentrations were reduced by 97% (p = 0.0002), while blood glucose decreased by 46% (p < 0.0001); these effects were greater than those observed with MMT (24%, p = 0.0271) and KGM (16%, ns). Gut microbiota profiling demonstrated a significant 6.2-log₂-fold increase in Lactobacillaceae (p = 0.023) and a 2.4-log₂-fold increase in Enterococcaceae (p = 0.015) following KGM-MMT treatment. Functional shifts inferred from 16S rRNA gene-based prediction indicated a 1.9-fold increase in short-chain fatty acid-related pathways and a 5.4-fold increase in bile acid deconjugation pathways. Conclusions: Although the KGM-MMT hybrid did not consistently outperform its individual components across all endpoints, it consolidated complementary KGM- and MMT-associated effects within a single dosage form. These findings support spray-dried KGM-MMT as a gut-targeted biomaterial strategy that integrates multiple luminal and microbiota-associated functions within a single formulation. Future studies should define dose–response relationships, validate microbiota-derived functional predictions using higher-resolution approaches, and assess durability and safety under longer-term exposure. Full article

Let $\epsilon >0$ and $\mathcal{TB}(\mathcal{X}\times \mathcal{X})$ be the Banach algebra of all $2\times 2$ bounded upper triangular operator matrices on a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{X}\times \mathcal{X}$. In this paper, we first establish the spectrum equalities for special cases of upper triangular operator matrices—diagonal block operator matrix $M_0=\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{A0}{0B}}\right)$. We obtain that ${\widehat{\Sigma }}_{bi,\epsilon }\left(M_0\right)={\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }\left(A\right)\cup {\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }\left(B\right)$, $i\in \{1,2,4\}$, where ${\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }(·)$ and ${\widehat{\Sigma }}_{bi,\epsilon }(·)$ denote the noncommutative pseudo-upper (resp. lower) semi-Browder essential spectrum, noncommutative pseudo-Browder essential spectrum, sub-noncommutative pseudo-upper (resp. lower) semi-Browder essential spectrum, and sub-noncommutative pseudo-Browder essential spectrum. Secondly, based on Cao and Bai’s works, we study the perturbation of the sub-noncommutative pseudo-Browder essential spectrum ${\widehat{\Sigma }}_{b4,\epsilon }(·)$ of a 2 × 2 bounded upper triangular operator matrix $M_C=\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{AC}{0B}}\right)$ on a separable Hilbert space. We obtain that ${\displaystyle \bigcap _{C\in \mathcal{B}\left(\mathcal{X}\right)}{\widehat{\Sigma }}_{b4,\epsilon }\left(M_C\right)={\Sigma }_{b1,\epsilon }\left(A\right)\cup {\Sigma }_{b2,\epsilon }\left(B\right)\cup \Delta }$, where $\Delta =\{\lambda \in \mathbb{C}:$ there exist $P_i\in \mathcal{B}\left(\mathcal{X}\right)$ with $\parallel P_i\parallel <\epsilon ,i\in \{1,2\},$ such that $\alpha (A+P_1-\lambda I)+\alpha (B+P_2-\lambda I)\ne \beta (A+P_1-\lambda I)+\beta (B+P_2-\lambda I)\}$. Finally, we obtain ${\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }\left(A\right)\cup {\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }\left(B\right)={\widehat{\Sigma }}_{bi,\epsilon }\left(M_C\right)\cup W,i\in \{1,2,4\}$, where W is the union of certain holes in $({\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }\left(A\right)\cup {\Sigma }_{bi,\epsilon }\left(B\right))\backslash {\widehat{\Sigma }}_{bi,\epsilon }\left(M_C\right)$. Full article

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a significant pathogenic bacterium that causes serious disease and death in the yaks of the Tibetan Plateau, and the existing inactivated vaccines are limited by low protection and reactogenicity. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from a yak-origin serogroup B P. multocida isolate were evaluated as a potential vaccine candidate in the present study. The purified OMVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis, which demonstrated the presence of typical bilayer vesicles ranging from 20 to 300 nm in diameter. Proteomic profiling revealed 1213 proteins, with many of them being immunologically relevant outer membrane-associated proteins like OmpA, OmpH, Omp16, OmpW, TbpA and PlpP. The functional enrichment analysis showed that these proteins were linked to translation, membrane structure, transport, metabolism, and pathways of adaptation of bacteria. In vitro OMVs were effectively taken up by RAW264.7 macrophages and stimulated robust expression of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and IL-10, which is indicative of strong innate immunostimulatory capacity. OMV immunization induced significant antigen specific humoral responses in mice and yaks in vivo. In mice, intramuscular immunization was effective in giving full protection against P. multocida challenge but not intranasal immunization. Histopathology also indicated less tissue damage in vaccinated animals, especially in the lung and liver. These findings, taken together, prove that yak-derived P. multocida OMVs have high immunogenicity and protection capabilities, which show their potential as a next-generation vaccine platform to tackle P. multocida infection. Full article

Surimi-based products are widely popular in the market owing to their unique texture and nutritional properties; however, traditional processing methods often result in reduced lipid content, despite lipids playing a crucial role in health. This study evaluated the effects of adding glycosylated fish gelatin emulsifying gel (prepared by glycosylating fish gelatin (FG) with D(+)-glucose (Glu) or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) for 2 h) at 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w) to hairtail surimi on its gel properties. The results indicated that both emulsified gels significantly enhanced gel strength, texture, and visual whiteness of hairtail surimi gel, with FG-βCD showing more pronounced improvements. FG-βCD also substantially reduced exudation and improved moisture distribution, resulting in a 69.81% decrease in juice loss. Furthermore, the addition of gelatin emulsifying gels shifted protein secondary structures toward more ordered forms, increasing α-helix and β-sheet content while reducing disordered components. Chemical interaction analysis revealed that hydrophobic interactions and nonspecific binding contributed to the reinforcement of gel formation. In conclusion, these findings highlighted that glycosylated emulsifying gels, as functional exogenous additives for surimi, offer a viable strategy for developing lipid-enriched, high-quality surimi products that meet emerging nutritional demands. Full article

Background: Test descriptions from major diagnostic manufacturers do not include ferritin reference intervals (RIs) for individuals aged 60 and older. The absence of older adults-specific RIs contrasts with the widespread use of serum ferritin testing in older adults. We aimed to establish and verify RIs using two common analytical methods. Methods: For this study, 1467 older adults were prospectively enrolled and monitored for morbidity and mortality, and exclusion criteria were applied. Ferritin was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and transferred to an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) using method comparison. RIs were evaluated using a direct method with a prospective observational study based on healthy individuals according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 28-A3c guideline and compared with RIs obtained using an indirect approach based on data obtained in clinical routine outpatients, where normal and abnormal values are supposed to be statistically differentiated to determine RIs. When applied within a countrywide population-based setting in Liechtenstein, the impact of novel RIs on the frequency of abnormal values was analyzed. Results: A total of 386 men and 532 women were included in the direct RI determination. Women (W) had significantly lower ferritin levels than men (M), while age over the age of 60 years had no significant association with ferritin in men and women. RIs were 23–241 ng/mL (W) and 19–396 ng/mL (M) for CMIA and 27–293 ng/mL (W) and 23–480 ng/mL (M) for ECLIA. These RIs are higher than those mentioned in the test descriptions in both tests. In comparison, the indirect method for both assays showed comparably lower reference limits, whereas upper reference limits were only approximately similar. The prevalence of high abnormal ferritin levels was considerably lower with this study’s RIs compared with manufacturer RIs. Conclusions: Employing older adults-specific RIs in clinical routine seems to be advisable. This reduces the frequency of abnormal high values in comparison with the widely applied practice of extrapolating RIs obtained from younger age groups to older adults and therefore leads to fewer follow-up investigations. Full article

Lactase enzyme-based products experience challenges including residual lactose that result in lactose intolerance. The purpose of this study was to develop polyelectrolyte polysaccharide-enriched lactase-encapsulated liposomal hydrogel films as an edible coating of Perline Mozzarella cheese that delivers enzymes along with the product on the side of absorption in the small intestine. Coatings were investigated for shelf-life enhancement and in vitro enzyme release behaviour. Two different polymeric hydrogel film formulations were evaluated: lactase-encapsulated liposome-enriched chitosan (PCLLa) and lactase-encapsulated liposome-enriched polyelectrolyte chitosan and sodium alginate (CLLA). Lactase-encapsulated liposomes (mean particle size: 176 nm) were produced using 20% v/v lactase enzyme and 8% w/v lecithin using probe sonication. The edible hydrogel film coatings were applied on Perline Mozzarella cheese using the standard dip-coating method. Shelf-life characteristics of all samples were evaluated using pH, colour change, dry matter determination, microbial evaluation, and sensory analysis. CLLA coatings increased shelf life up to 60 days, displaying a pH of 5.48, continued normal colour, enhanced humidity balance, minimal bacterial growth, and the highest scores for sensory values when compared to both PCLLa (coatings) and the bare cheese substrate (control) samples. Furthermore, CLLA coatings provided greater stability for liposomes within the polyelectrolyte polymeric edible hydrogel film structure. Hence, the combination of liposomes with polyelectrolyte edible hydrogel films provides a novel strategy to enhance lactase enzyme encapsulation (for intolerance), stability, and delivering ability to the small intestine as well as improving the shelf life of coated cheese products. Full article

This study investigates how sintering temperature affects phase evolution, titanium carbide (TiC) formation, and oil-repellent performance in TiO₂–carbon-coated 304 stainless-steel mesh for oil–water separation applications. Coated meshes sintered at 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C were evaluated using gravity-driven oil permeation tests with 5W-20 motor oil and oil contact-angle measurements, while coating morphology, composition, and phase evolution were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. Sintering temperature strongly influenced coating structure and wettability. Among the tested conditions, the mesh sintered at 600 °C showed the highest oil contact angle (105°) and the highest initial oil retention efficiency (80%), indicating the most favorable balance between oleophobicity and coating stability within the tested range. XRD analysis showed that 600 °C corresponded to the onset of the anatase-to-rutile transition and the initial formation of TiC. These results suggest that intermediate sintering temperatures can provide a favorable balance between retention of beneficial anatase content and enhanced interfacial interaction within the TiO₂–carbon coating. Within the tested conditions, 600 °C was the best-performing sintering condition among the temperatures examined for this coating system. Full article

The Latin American Development Group for Maturity (GDLAM) protocol has been widely used to assess functional autonomy (FA) in community-dwelling older adults. However, to date, no percentile-based rating scale has been established for older Chilean women living in the community. The aim was to create a percentile-based rating scale for the GDLAM protocol in community-dwelling older Chilean women. 347 older women volunteered for this study. The sample was divided into five groups by age ranges (G1: 60.0–64.9 years, G2: 65.0–69.9 years, G3: 70.0–74.9 years, G4: 75.0–79.9 years, and G5: ≥80.0 years). The research had an observational, cross-sectional design with a descriptive strategy. The GDLAM protocol included (a) Putting on and taking off a T-shirt (PTS), (b) Standing up from the sitting position (SSP), (c) Standing up from the prone position (SPP), (d) Walking 10 m (W10 m), and (e) Sit-ting and getting up from the chair and moving around the house (SCMA), all assessed in seconds (s), while the General Index of Autonomy (GI) was calculated in points (p). The percentile-based classification was developed with the following thresholds: percentile ≤ 0.15: “Very Good,” percentile 0.16–0.49: “Good,” percentile 0.50–084: “Regular,” and percentile ≥ 0.85: “Poor.” After creating the percentile-based ranking scale for the five age ranges, it was observed that the older the age, the lower the FA, as represented by the five tests and the GI. The percentile-based ranking scale presented in this research will enable us to accurately assess and interpret the FA of older and community-dwelling women in Chile. However, the study is limited to women and cannot be generalized to older adults in general. Full article

Bi₂O₂Se is an emerging oxyselenide semiconductor, noted for its promising thermoelectric properties and excellent chemical stability, and it is often regarded as an n-type counterpart to p-type BiCuSeO. However, its intrinsic thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) is severely limited by low electron concentration and high thermal conductivity. In this work, we employed Cl element as donator dopant to substantially enhance the carrier concentration. The room-temperature carrier concentration of Bi₂O₂Se_0.98Cl_0.02 thereby reached 2.70 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³, representing an improvement of two orders of magnitude compared to that of pristine Bi₂O₂Se. Subsequently, multiple hot-pressing cycles were applied to the optimized composition Bi₂O₂Se_0.98Cl_0.02. The process induced significant grain refinement, and the resulting high density of grain boundaries effectively suppressed the lattice thermal conductivity, reducing it to 0.95 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at 823 K. Eventually, a maximum zT of 0.24 was achieved at 823 K for the three-time hot-pressed Bi₂O₂Se_0.98Cl_0.02 sample, representing a 71% improvement compared with the pristine Bi₂O₂Se sample prepared by single hot-pressing (zT = 0.14 at 823 K). This work provides a new strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of oxyselenide through the synergistic regulation of doping and microstructure. Full article

Major earthquakes often induce multi-structural rupture styles, which serve as a crucial basis for understanding stress partitioning and strain adjustment within tectonic systems, as well as for constructing regional deformation models. The 1927 M 8.0 Gulang earthquake in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau exemplifies this phenomenon. This rare event, characterized by a single mainshock triggering multiple structural ruptures, resulted in approximately 40,000 casualties and numerous missing persons. In this study, we integrate interpretations of satellite remote sensing imagery, field observations of surface ruptures, and analyses of regional tectonic–geomorphic deformations to reconstruct the coseismic processes of the Gulang earthquake. Our findings reveal that the coseismic surface ruptures exhibit distinct mechanical characteristics driven by complex stress fields. Survey and analysis results indicate that regional tectonic compression oriented from SSW–SW to NNE–NE triggered the mainshock rupture. This stress regime caused nearly E–W folding of strata north of the Huangcheng–Shuangta Fault (HSF), alongside sinistral strike-slip motion in the central-eastern section and thrusting at the eastern end of the Southern Wuwei Basin Fault (SWBF). Blocked by the rigid Alxa Block to the north, comprehensive evidence—including the Late Holocene gravelly clay folded strata formed by north-to-south compression in the Liutiao Lake area, the geomorphic deformation characterized by higher northern and lower southern terraces on both sides of the east–west-trending fault, and the clockwise rotational tectonic surfaces developed at the eastern end of the HSF zone in Shuixiakou—indicates that the coseismic tectonic movement and energy transfer within the meizoseismal area underwent a rapid clockwise rotation from NE to S. This strain rotation induced N–S tensional rupturing along the southern branch of the eastern HSF and nearly E–W thrusting along the NNW-trending Wuwei–Gulang Fault (WGF). Furthermore, this intense and rapid clockwise rotation generated a transient extensional environment characterized by rapid E–W to SE stretching, leading to the formation of a newly identified, NNE-trending, high-angle dextral strike-slip normal fault (hereafter referred to as the NNEF). This process also triggered localized activity at the junctions between the NNEF and the Lenglongling Fault (LLLF), and between the WGF and the nearly E–W-trending Gulang Fault (GLF). We conclude that the seismogenic structure of the 1927 Gulang mainshock comprises three primary components: (1) a fault–fold belt consisting of the SWBF and the nearly E–W fold system north of the HSF; (2) the southern branch of the eastern HSF; and (3) the WGF. The observed segmental activities of the GLF and LLLF are attributed to local strain adjustments. By identifying the newly formed NNEF and characterizing these segmental activations, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms of local strain adjustment within the tectonic systems of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Full article