Search Results (279)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in regenerative medicine, yet clinical outcomes remain inconsistent. While traditional strategies have focused on platelet concentration and activation methods, emerging evidence suggests that the biological age of platelets, especially platelet senescence, may be a critical but overlooked factor influencing therapeutic efficacy. Senescent platelets display reduced granule content, impaired responsiveness, and heightened pro-inflammatory behavior, all of which can compromise tissue repair and regeneration. This review explores the mechanisms underlying platelet aging, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, and examines how these factors influence PRP performance across diverse clinical contexts. We discuss the functional consequences of platelet senescence, the impact of comorbidities and aging on PRP quality, and current tools to assess platelet functionality, such as HLA-I–based flow cytometry. In addition, we present strategies for pre-procedural optimization, advanced processing techniques, and adjunctive therapies aimed at enhancing platelet quality. Finally, we challenge the prevailing emphasis on high-volume blood collection, highlighting the limitations of quantity-focused protocols and advocating for a shift toward biologically precise, function-driven regenerative interventions. Recognizing and addressing platelet senescence is a key step toward unlocking the full therapeutic potential of PRP-based interventions. Full article

Background: Uterine rupture is a rare but severe obstetric complication with significant maternal and neonatal consequences. While partial uterine ruptures (PURs) are generally associated with less severe outcomes, complete uterine ruptures (CURs) carry a higher risk of serious impact on both mother and child. The present study aimed to evaluate outcomes and identify risk factors for each type of rupture, and also to define high- and low-risk uterine ruptures based on clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 112 uterine rupture cases, including 29 CURs and 83 PURs, was conducted at the Women’s Hospital of the University of Cologne from October 2010 to January 2021. Results: Maternal outcomes revealed that CUR was associated with higher risks of prolonged hospitalization (p = 0.003), postpartum hemorrhage (p < 0.001), maternal transfusion (p = 0.003), and ICU transfer (p = 0.004) compared to PUR. Neonatal outcomes showed a significantly higher risk of severe acidosis (p < 0.001), low APGAR scores (p < 0.001), NICU transfers (p = 0.004), and resuscitation needs (p = 0.016) in CUR cases. Factors increasing the risk of CUR included pathological CTG (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.99–7.14, p = 0.05), abdominal pain (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.10–6.25, p = 0.03), previous vaginal birth (OR = 7.14, 95% CI: 0.025–20, p < 0.001), and no uterine contractions (OR = 7, 95% CI: 1.21–40.56, p = 0.03). A previous cesarean section significantly increased the risk of CUR (OR = 4.94, 95% CI: 1.38–17.67, p = 0.014), whereas more than two cesarean sections reduced the risk (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.13–3.22, p = 0.61). A comparison of CUR with maternal and neonatal high-risk rupture groups revealed that low gestational age and a history of previous cesarean sections were significant risk factors for neonatal high-risk rupture. Conclusion: Vaginal birth and abdominal pain were identified as key risk factors for CUR, which lead to severe maternal and neonatal outcomes. Recognizing these risk factors can help clinicians optimize risk stratification and decision-making, and enhance monitoring strategies to prevent adverse outcomes. Full article

This study presents the development of particleboards made from olive tree pruning (OTP) residues and truck industry by-products (RCM), using PUR resin as a binder. Five formulations with different OTP/RCM ratios were designed and physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical and microstructural properties were evaluated. The results showed that increasing the RCM content improves the dimensional stability, reduces water absorption and swelling and decreases thermal conductivity, reaching 0.061 W/mK. At the mechanical level, MOR, MOE and IB values of 7.11, 630 and 0.134 MPa, respectively, were obtained. A higher OTP content allows a reduction in the density of the particleboard (752.67 kg/m³) due to the granulometry of the material. FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the good integration of the materials with the resin, highlighting a lower porosity and higher compaction in formulations with a high RCM content. These results demonstrate that the combination of agricultural and industrial by-products is feasible to manufacture a sustainable particleboard with customizable properties, promoting the circular economy and reducing the dependence on virgin raw materials in the construction sector. Full article

Adenosine holds significant application value in the fields of food additives and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis. Engineering strains to enhance their efficiency in utilizing fermentation substrates is considered an effective strategy for improving production yield. However, modifications to adenosine-producing strains remain challenging due to the complex physiological and metabolic regulation governing adenosine biosynthesis. In this study, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of adenosine biosynthesis in a high-yielding Bacillus subtilis strain were analyzed through transcriptome sequencing. Under conditions in which an additional 10 g/L glutamine and 6 g/L hypoxanthine were supplemented at 48 h of cultivation to promote adenosine synthesis, a total of 105 significantly differentially expressed genes (69 downregulated and 36 upregulated) were identified, with key genes related to adenosine biosynthesis primarily concentrated in the downstream purine metabolic pathway. Notably, core biosynthetic genes including purD, guaC, purH, and purN showed significant downregulation in the high-yielding strain, suggesting that adenosine accumulation might inhibit related gene expression through negative feedback mechanisms. Fermentation kinetic analysis revealed that biomass reached its peak at 48 h (OD₆₀₀ = 0.82), with a glucose consumption rate of 73.28% at this stage. Gene expression pattern analysis demonstrated that purD, guaC, purH, and purN maintained relatively stable expression levels during fermentation. However, the exogenous supplementation of inosine (6 g/L) and glutamine (10 g/L) induced significant inhibition of their expression—a trend paralleling that observed with exogenous adenosine addition. This research elucidates key regulatory nodes in the adenosine biosynthesis of Bacillus subtilis and provides theoretical support and candidate targets for the targeted modification of industrial strains through metabolic engineering strategies. Full article

The transition to renewable energy requires sustainable solar manufacturing through optimized Production–Usage–Recycling (PUR) cycles, where electromagnetic (EM) sensing offers non-destructive monitoring solutions. This review categorizes EM methods into low- (<100 MHz) and medium-frequency (100 MHz–10 GHz) techniques for material evaluation, defect detection, and performance optimization throughout the solar lifecycle. During production, eddy current testing and impedance spectroscopy improve quality control while reducing waste. In operational phases, RFID-based monitoring enables continuous performance tracking and early fault detection of photovoltaic panels. For recycling, electrodynamic separation efficiently recovers materials, supporting circular economies. The analysis demonstrates the unique advantages of EM techniques in non-contact evaluation, real-time monitoring, and material-specific characterization, addressing critical sustainability challenges in photovoltaic systems. By examining capabilities and limitations, we highlight EM monitoring’s transformative potential for sustainable manufacturing, from production quality assurance to end-of-life material recovery. The frequency-based framework provides manufacturers with physics-guided solutions that enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. This comprehensive assessment establishes EM technologies as vital tools for advancing solar energy systems, offering practical monitoring approaches that align with global sustainability goals. The review identifies current challenges and future opportunities in implementing these techniques, emphasizing their role in facilitating the renewable energy transition through improved resource efficiency and lifecycle management. Full article

The structure of microbial communities in sponge-sand filters, used for the treatment of real domestic sewage with elevated ammonium nitrogen concentrations (approximately 155 mg·dm⁻³), was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analyses using the Illumina technique allowed us to perform a comparison of filters by layer (two or three layers) and type of fill (waste PUR foams with 95% open porosity, sand). Proteobacteria, actinobacteria, and firmicutes were shown to be the most abundant phyla. The number and type of fill layers had a significant impact on the diversity of nitrifying bacteria. The presence of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira was observed in every sponge fill sample, but the abundance of autotrophic nitrifiers was negligible in the two-layer filter. The conditions there proved more favorable for the growth of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. Also in the Schmutzdecke layer, a dominance of heterotrophic nitrifiers was found. The abundance of bacteria with nitrifying activity (AOB, comammox, HNAD) in the biomass of spongy fill placed in casings was 1.7 times lower than in foams without casings. In addition, anammox bacteria (unidentified Planctomycetes), found mainly in the sponge fill and Schmutzdecke of the three-layer filters, may have been responsible for NH4⁺-N removal exceeding 70%. In the case of the two-layer filter, the removal of this pollutant reached 92%. Burkholderia and Sphingopyxis were identified as the predominant denitrifying bacteria. The foam-filled filter in the casings showed an increase in o_Caldilineaceae, involved in nitrate removal as non-denitrifiers. Actinomycetes Pseudonocardia and Amycolatopsis, as well as Proteobacteria Devosia, Acinetobacter, and Bdellovibrio, were found to be involved in phosphorus removal in the waste PUR foams. Full article

This study explores how production technology influences spray-applied rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation’s cryogenic performance. In cryogenic applications such as liquid gas storage, insulation must minimise heat transfer and resist moisture ingress under severe thermal gradients. Experimental aluminium vessels were insulated with PUR foam of varying thicknesses and surface conditions—rough, machined smooth, and with a urea-based protective coating—and then tested using dynamic boil-off of liquid nitrogen (LN₂). Foam properties, including adhesion, mechanical strength, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and closed-cell content, were evaluated. The results revealed that thicker insulation reduced both effective thermal conductivity and moisture uptake. Although the urea-coated vessel showed minimal water absorption, the coating increased overall thermal conductivity due to its heat conduction and condensation behaviour. Moisture was primarily absorbed near the foam surface, and no cumulative effects were observed during repeated tests. The effective thermal conductivity was determined by interpolating boil-off data, confirming that insulation performance strongly depends on thickness, surface condition, and environmental humidity. These findings provide valuable guidance for the design and application of PUR foam insulation in cryogenic environments. Full article

The textile industry requires products with a wide range of characteristics for use in diverse applications such as the production of shoes, bags, jackets, thermal clothing and articles for the automotive industry, among others. These products have traditionally been made from leather, which is obtained from animal hides. However, leather production has come under enormous pressure due to sustainability concerns in various areas and the growing number of people who actively choose to avoid all animal products. The main solutions developed by the textile industry have been to apply synthetic coatings based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane (PUR) to textile substrates. One of the ways to reduce the environmental impact and non-renewable content of artificial leather is to replace parts of the synthetic component with lignocellulosic by-products. In the present work the feasibility of using small branches and leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (BLE) as a component of an aqueous PUR formulation for coating textile products was evaluated. In addition, the possibility of obtaining functional textile products with antioxidant properties based on the BLE particles incorporation was also evaluated. The effect of the BLE particle size distribution in the PUR formulation and on the properties of the coated textile products was evaluated. The BLE particles and their size influenced the colour, appearance, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the coated textiles. The (BLE) particles have improved the tensile strength of textile coating products without loss of elongation, improving their properties for specific applications. Furthermore, the textiles coated with the (BLE) particles showed interesting antioxidant properties, being possible to obtain coated fabrics with five times more DPPH radical scavenging activity than the reference coated fabric without (BLE) particles. Full article

The influence of aging and thermal shock processes on polymer coating reinforced with various rubber fillers on an aluminum substrate was investigated. The coatings were made from a polyurethane matrix and two different reinforcement materials: EPDM and SBR rubber waste fillers. The samples were subjected to 100 thermal shock cycles. Each cycle lasted 1 h, comprising 30 min at 100 °C followed by 30 min at 40 °C. The aging tests were conducted in a SUNTEST XLS+ aging chamber from Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH, in accordance with the applicable ISO 4892-1:2016 standard. Thermal shocks increased the impact resistance of coatings with EPDM and SBR fillers. Neither UV aging nor thermal shocks affected the impact or abrasion resistance of unfilled polyurethane coatings. FTIR analysis revealed that UV exposure significantly accelerates chemical degradation of PUR, though fillers—especially EPDM—enhanced stability by mitigating this effect. Thermal shocks induced surface-level changes, including the formation of oxygenated groups and the rearrangement of hydrogen bonds. Rubber waste fillers influenced surface and thermal properties, with EPDM maintaining better hydrophobicity and oxidation resistance, while SBR-filled coatings demonstrated higher thermal stability but greater flexibility and susceptibility to degradation after aging. Full article

The recovery of waste from old vehicles generates different types of waste. Most waste can be recovered with more or less success. Among the wastes that are problematic is foam. It is large in volume and light in weight, and there is currently no highly efficient technology to recover this waste and produce new products. The aim of this paper is to analyse the current situation in the processing, research, development, design and testing of test samples as a basis for the production of a machine to produce new 3D products made from waste foam. The paper begins with an analysis of the amount of plastic waste generated in the automotive industry. It describes the current state of waste management and the possibilities of its use in the production of new products. The core of the paper is the selection of suitable technology and the design and verification of experimental measurement and evaluation of test samples at different temperatures and pressures and with different endurance times. Full article

A person’s sense of comfort while sitting depends on numerous physical and psychological parameters. This study investigated the impact of different office chair seat and back designs on the user’s ability to assess differences in thermal comfort during office work tasks. Eighty-two healthy subjects assessed their thermal sensation, moisture perception, and thermal comfort on six chair models using questionnaire. The chairs varied in backrest design (mesh vs. PUR foam) and seat materials. Assessments were conducted in air-conditioned workplaces over three weeks. The results showed an overall neutral thermal sensation (mean rating of 4.12 on a seven-point scale), with warmth being more pronounced in the buttocks and thighs than in the back, alongside variations observed in seven of the fifteen indicators. The comfort of both the backrest and seat was crucial for overall thermal comfort, as was the perception of humidity among different chair models. The relationships between thermal sensation, humidity, and comfort differed by chair’s design. This study confirms the complexity of thermal comfort in seat and backrest design, highlighting the importance of localized thermal sensations in chairs, while demonstrating that application of subjective ratings can demonstrate differences between chairs. Future research should address methodological limitations, incorporate objective measurements, and explore seasonal variations and adaptive thermal comfort. Full article

Red blood cells (RBCs) have traditionally been excluded from orthobiologic formulations due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemolysis concerns. However, emerging evidence suggests that RBCs may play an active role in regenerative medicine, contributing to immune modulation, vascular support, and oxidative balance. Their interactions with macrophages, involvement in nitric oxide signaling, and release of extracellular vesicles suggest they may influence tissue repair more than previously assumed. Despite these potential benefits, RBC retention in orthobiologic preparations like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) remains controversial, with most protocols favoring their removal in the absence of robust translational clinical data. This review explores the biological functions of RBCs in regenerative medicine, their potential contributions to PRP and BMAC, and the challenges associated with their inclusion. While concerns about hemolysis and inflammation persist, controlled studies are needed to determine whether selective RBC retention could enhance musculoskeletal healing in some scenarios. Future research should focus on optimizing RBC processing techniques and evaluating their impact on clinical applications. Addressing these gaps will clarify whether RBCs represent an overlooked but valuable component in regenerative therapies or their exclusion remains justified. Full article

In this study, a global response analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of action of Usnic acid and its synergy with Norfloxacin, a well-known quinolone antibiotic to which MRSA clinical isolates showed resistance (MIC, 500 µg/mL). A microdilution assay, a growth kinetics analysis, a microscopic analysis, and cell-based assays consistently showed that Usnic acid possesses strong anti-staphylococcal activity (MIC, 7.8 µg/mL), causes cell leakage, modulates efflux pump activity, and synergizes with Norfloxacin against the multi-drug-resistant clinical isolate MRSA 2071. Whole-cell proteome profiling using gel-free proteomics-based nano-LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS revealed several proteins whose expression was significantly modulated by Usnic acid and Norfloxacin alone or in combination. Usnic acid downregulated the abundance of RNA polymerase subunits (RpoB and RpoC), carbamoyl phosphate synthase large subunit (PyrAB), chaperone (GroEL), and adenylosuccinate synthetase (PurA). Interestingly, proteins found to be upregulated in the presence of Usnic acid and Norfloxacin included oxidative-stress-related proteins such as peroxidase (Tpx), alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AphC), and general stress protein (UspA). This study clearly shows that Usnic acid affects numerous cellular targets and can potentiate the action of Norfloxacin. Furthermore, an in vivo study showed that UA at low concentrations prevents body weight gain, but changes in other tested toxicological parameters were found to be within normal limits. Thus, UA at low doses appears to be a promising candidate for repurposing old antibiotics through combination therapy against MRSA infections. Full article

Polyurethane (PUR)-based artificial leathers are often used as interior materials in public area, making flame retardants (FRs) necessary. The mode of action of different FRs varies depending on the chemical class and the structure of the supplied material. Usually, FRs are designed for bulk materials like foams, e.g., for upholstery, the main application of PUR. However, in thin materials, FRs act differently, thus leaving the PUR without sufficient flame resistance. In this study, PUR films and artificial leathers were equipped with twelve commercially available, halogen-free FRs in various concentrations and combinations. Fire resistance was tested with LOI measurements, cone calorimetry, horizontal burning behavior, and thermogravimetric analyses. An organophosphorus FR proved to be the most suited for flame-resistant artificial leather. The LOI was increased from 20 to 24.2%, the peak heat release rate was reduced by about 30%, and the sample was self-extinguishing in horizontal burning behavior. Phosphinates and aluminum trihydroxide were the least efficient FRs. Combinations of bentonite with phosphorus-based FRs showed synergistic effects in reducing the probability of igniting the material. The results demonstrate that sufficient flame retardancy for PUR-based thin materials can be achieved with commercially available halogen-free FRs, paving the way for more sustainable and greener materials by substituting ecologically harmful and health-damaging FRs. Full article

Background/Objectives: This study aims to examine the crucial role of children’s growth in assessing population health trends and developing targeted interventions. Specifically, the research aims to determine prevalent anthropometric trajectories among children from Punjab, Pakistan, and to compare these patterns with global and national growth standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the weight and height of 20,845 children (51.48% boys and 48.52% girls) aged 3 to 60 months in Punjab, Pakistan. Growth reference charts for boys and girls were developed using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape, utilizing the Box–Cox power exponential distribution. The parameters analyzed included weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age. Results: The 3rd, 5th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 95th, and 97th smoothed percentile values with L, M, and S for weight, length/height, and BMI for both sexes from 3 to 60 months were presented. The median weight and length/height were increased significantly in both sexes. The median BMI increased steeply in early life, with a peak at 12 months, then declined in both boys and girls. Boys had a higher mean value than girls had in all the anthropometric variables. Punjabi children demonstrate smaller measurements compared to their counterparts in previous studies. The children were smaller, lighter and had lower BMI than that referred to in the WHO standards. The findings highlighted significant disparities between the growth metrics of children in Punjab and the WHO standards, and findings from other global studies. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for a multicentric approach in future research to better understand pediatric growth patterns in Punjabi children, considering their significant differences from WHO standards and other global studies. Full article