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Keywords = Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converter

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22 pages, 17358 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Conventional and Sequential Predictive Control for Grid-Tied NPC Inverters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Study
by Jakson Bonaldo, Beichen Duan, Marco Rivera, K. V. Ling, Camila Fantin and Patrick Wheeler
Energies 2025, 18(12), 3132; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123132 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 366
Abstract
Model Predictive Control (MPC) has become very attractive for the efficient control of power converters. This paper compares Classical MPC (C-MPC) and Sequential MPC (S-MPC) for a three-level NPC converter. Although C-MPC is simple to implement, it faces challenges such as switching frequency [...] Read more.
Model Predictive Control (MPC) has become very attractive for the efficient control of power converters. This paper compares Classical MPC (C-MPC) and Sequential MPC (S-MPC) for a three-level NPC converter. Although C-MPC is simple to implement, it faces challenges such as switching frequency variations and complex weighting factor tuning. S-MPC addresses these issues by prioritizing control objectives sequentially, eliminating weighting factors, and simplifying controller design. Simulation results show that S-MPC improves the tracking of output currents, reduces harmonic distortion, and enhances the balancing of dc–link voltages under steady-state and transient conditions. These findings establish S-MPC as a robust alternative to C-MPC, improving power quality and system performance in multilevel converter applications. Full article
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17 pages, 3888 KiB  
Article
An Improved Space Vector PWM Algorithm with a Seven-Stage Switching Sequence for Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Inverters
by Aleksandr N. Shishkov, Maxim M. Dudkin, Aleksandr S. Maklakov, Van Kan Le, Andrey A. Radionov and Vlada S. Balabanova
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2452; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102452 - 10 May 2025
Viewed by 548
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to develop an improved space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverters (VSIs). The results of experiments conducted on the three-level power converter laboratory setup showed that the [...] Read more.
The main purpose of this research is to develop an improved space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverters (VSIs). The results of experiments conducted on the three-level power converter laboratory setup showed that the proposed SVPWM algorithm with a seven-stage switching sequence (SS) can reduce a VSI’s switching frequency by 43.48% compared to the SVPWM algorithm with the base SS. It also improves the neutral point (NP) voltage balance in the VSI DC link by 4.2% by controlling the duty factor of distributed base vectors in each SVPWM period based on phase load currents. It reduced the values of the 5th- and 7th-order harmonics of the VSI output voltage by 19% and 15.7%, respectively. The results show that the usage of the improved SVPWM algorithm helps increase the efficiency of a 3L NPC VSI by 0.6% and reduce the higher harmonics. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the suggested algorithm and its great potential for power converters in industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F3: Power Electronics)
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15 pages, 3330 KiB  
Article
Efficiency Performance of 7-Level Multiplexed and 3-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Converters
by Shafquat Hussain, Simone Cosso, Massimiliano Passalacqua, Luis Ramon Vaccaro, Andrea Formentini and Mario Marchesoni
Energies 2025, 18(9), 2161; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092161 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 397
Abstract
In medium-voltage AC applications, multilevel converters are essential due to their ability to achieve high efficiency and significantly reduce total harmonic distortion (THD), ensuring improved performance and power quality. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the efficiency, power loss, and THD characteristics [...] Read more.
In medium-voltage AC applications, multilevel converters are essential due to their ability to achieve high efficiency and significantly reduce total harmonic distortion (THD), ensuring improved performance and power quality. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the efficiency, power loss, and THD characteristics of multiplexed multilevel converters and neutral point clamped converters. Using MATLAB®Simulink 2024b, the switching and conduction losses of both multiplexed multilevel converters and NPC converters are calculated. The three-level NPC converter offers advantages of a simpler design, reduced component count, and cost effectiveness with the drawback of low voltage quality. Simulation results validate the THD, power losses, and efficiency for the conventional three-phase three-level NPC converter and the three-phase multiplexed multilevel converter, and a detailed comparison is performed. Full article
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25 pages, 30860 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Induction Machine Drive Control Schemes on the Distribution of Power Losses in a Three-Level NPC Converter
by Carlos A. Reusser, Matías Parra, Gerardo Mino-Aguilar and Victor R. Gonzalez-Diaz
Machines 2025, 13(3), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13030227 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 529
Abstract
Medium- and high-power drive applications have grown since the past decade as the most common solution for high demanding industrial processes. Multilevel converters, in particular the three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) topology driving medium-voltage induction machines, has become the most commonly adopted solution. [...] Read more.
Medium- and high-power drive applications have grown since the past decade as the most common solution for high demanding industrial processes. Multilevel converters, in particular the three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) topology driving medium-voltage induction machines, has become the most commonly adopted solution. In this context, several AC drive control schemes are suitable, such as scalar control (SC), field-oriented control (FOC), model predictive control (MPC), and direct torque control (DTC). Each of these control strategies exhibit a particular operational profile which affects the switching pattern of the converter semiconductors, thus conditioning the switching and conducting losses of these power devices. This work presents a comparison of the conduction and switching losses between different drives control schemes, such as scalar control, field-oriented control, direct torque control, and model predictive control, analyzing their impact on thermal efficiency in a 3L-NPC multilevel converter, under different loading operational conditions. This analysis allows for choosing the most suitable control strategy and switching frequency for a given operational profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Permanent Magnet Machines)
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14 pages, 4252 KiB  
Article
Vector Reconfiguration on a Bidirectional Multilevel LCL-T Resonant Converter
by Jie Shi, Zhongyi Zhang, Yi Xu, Dandan Zou and Hui Cao
Electronics 2024, 13(22), 4557; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224557 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 648
Abstract
With the development of distributed energy technology, the establishment of the energy internet has become a general trend, and relevant research about the core component, energy router, has also become a hotspot. Therefore, the bidirectional isolated DC–DC converter (BIDC) is widely used in [...] Read more.
With the development of distributed energy technology, the establishment of the energy internet has become a general trend, and relevant research about the core component, energy router, has also become a hotspot. Therefore, the bidirectional isolated DC–DC converter (BIDC) is widely used in AC–DC–AC energy router systems, because it can flexibly support the DC bus voltage ratio and achieve bidirectional power flow. This paper proposes a novel vector reconfiguration on a bidirectional multilevel LCL-T resonant converter in which an NPC (neutral-point clamped) multilevel structure with a flying capacitor is introduced to form a novel active bridge, and a coupling transformer is specially added into the active bridge to achieve multilevel voltage output under hybrid modulation. In addition, an LCL-T two-port vector analysis is adopted to elaborate bidirectional power flow which can generate some reactive power to realize zero-voltage switching (ZVS) on active bridges to improve the efficiency of the converter. Meanwhile, due to the symmetry of the LCL-T structure, the difficulty of the bidirectional operation analysis of the power flow is reduced. Finally, a simulation study is designed with a rated voltage of 200 V on front and rear input sources which has a rated power of 450 W with an operational efficiency of 93.8%. Then, the feasibility of the proposed converter is verified. Full article
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26 pages, 7116 KiB  
Article
Virtual Generator to Replace Backup Diesel GenSets Using Backstepping Controlled NPC Multilevel Converter in Islanded Microgrids with Renewable Energy Sources
by J. Dionísio Barros, J. Fernando A. Silva and Luis Rocha
Electronics 2024, 13(22), 4511; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224511 - 17 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1040
Abstract
This work presents an islanded microgrid energy system that uses backstepping control applied to neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel converters coupled with batteries to behave as virtual generators, able to absorb surplus renewable energy, therefore increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, [...] Read more.
This work presents an islanded microgrid energy system that uses backstepping control applied to neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel converters coupled with batteries to behave as virtual generators, able to absorb surplus renewable energy, therefore increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, on a charged battery the virtual generator allows turning-off the backup diesel generator set (GenSet). Aside from improving energy efficiency, the battery-connected multilevel converter aims to regulate frequency, improves power quality, and keeps the microgrid operational in the event of a GenSet failure. The backstepping controlled NPC multilevel converter emulates a virtual generator injecting power to perform as the primary and secondary microgrid frequency controller. Additionally, AC voltage control is implemented, which enables running the islanded microgrid only with multilevel converters, supplied by the battery while integrating solar and wind energy sources. Energy demand and renewable energy forecasts are used to manage the battery state-of-charge. Simulation results, obtained from switched and phasor models show that energy storage and the backstepping frequency control enables the compensation of power fluctuations from renewable energy sources. Furthermore, in the event of the main GenSet failure, the controlled virtual generator keeps the microgrid running for a few minutes, until another GenSet is ready to supply the microgrid. Therefore, the microgrid integration of the battery-connected multilevel converter results in a significant boost in energy efficiency by allowing the disconnection of the backup GenSet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Systems)
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13 pages, 1502 KiB  
Article
Fault-Tolerant Performance Analysis of a Modified Neutral-Point-Clamped Asymmetric Half-Bridge Converter for an In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor
by Jackson Oloo and Laszlo Szamel
Eng 2024, 5(4), 2575-2587; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5040135 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1140
Abstract
Reliability is an essential factor for the operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive. Electric vehicles operate in harsh environments, which may degrade the operation of power converters. These failure modes include transistor open- and short-circuits, freewheeling diode open- and short-circuits, and [...] Read more.
Reliability is an essential factor for the operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive. Electric vehicles operate in harsh environments, which may degrade the operation of power converters. These failure modes include transistor open- and short-circuits, freewheeling diode open- and short-circuits, and DC-link capacitor failures. This work presents a performance analysis of an in-wheel SRM for an electric vehicle under short-circuit (SC) and open-circuit (OC) faults of a modified Neutral-Point-Clamped Asymmetric Half-Bridge (NPC-AHB) Converter. The SRM is modeled as an in-wheel electric vehicle. A separate vehicle model attached to the motor is also developed for validation and performance of the NPC-AHB under different faulty scenarios. The performance of the modified NPC-AHB is also compared with that of a conventional AHB under faulty conditions for an in-wheel 8/6 SRM. The performance indicators such as torque, speed, current, and flux are presented from MATLAB/Simulink 2023b numerical simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Electronic Engineering)
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18 pages, 2400 KiB  
Article
Multilevel Middle Point Clamped (MMPC) Converter for DC Wind Power Applications
by Awais Karni, Omid Beik, Mahzad Gholamian, Mahdi Homaeinezhad and Muhammad Owais Manzoor
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7563; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177563 - 1 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1681
Abstract
This manuscript introduces a novel multilevel middle point clamped (MMPC) DC-DC converter and its associated switching scheme aimed at maintaining the desired medium-voltage DC (MVDC) collector grid within offshore all-DC wind farms. Building upon previous work by the authors, which proposed an all-DC [...] Read more.
This manuscript introduces a novel multilevel middle point clamped (MMPC) DC-DC converter and its associated switching scheme aimed at maintaining the desired medium-voltage DC (MVDC) collector grid within offshore all-DC wind farms. Building upon previous work by the authors, which proposed an all-DC structure serving as a benchmark system, this study explores the application of the MMPC DC-DC converter within this framework. Within the all-DC wind generation system, a 9-phase hybrid generator (HG) integrated into the wind turbine is linked to the MVDC collector grid through an AC-DC stage, which is a passive rectifier. This passive rectifier offers elevated voltage ratings and protection against back power flow. The conventional neutral point clamped (NPC) converter concept has been thoroughly investigated and expanded upon to develop the proposed MMPC DC-DC converter. The proposed MMPC DC-DC converter integrates boosting capabilities, facilitating the connection of the generator’s rectified voltage to the MVDC collector grid while regulating variable rectified voltage to a fixed MVDC collector grid voltage. The MVDC collector grid is further interconnected with high-voltage DC (HVDC) through a DC-DC converter situated in an offshore substation. This paper further provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed MMPC DC-DC converter, detailing its operational modes and corresponding switching schemes. Through an in-depth examination of operational modes, duty cycles for each switch and mode are defined, subsequently establishing the relationship between rectified input voltage and MVDC output voltage for the MMPC DC-DC converter. Utilizing the middle point clamped architecture, this innovative converter offers several advantages, including low ripple voltage, a modular structure, and reduced switching stress because of the multilevel voltage and the incorporation of a hard point, which also facilitates the capacitor voltage balancing. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed converter is evaluated via simulation studies of a wind turbine conversion system utilizing two cascaded MMPC DC-DC converters operating under variable input voltage conditions. The simulations confirm its efficacy, supported by promising results, and validating its performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)
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19 pages, 6658 KiB  
Article
A Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter Based Standalone Wind Energy Conversion System Controlled with a New Simplified Line-to-Line Space Vector Modulation
by Tarak Ghennam, Lakhdar Belhadji, Nassim Rizoug, Bruno Francois and Seddik Bacha
Energies 2024, 17(9), 2214; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092214 - 4 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1623
Abstract
Wind power systems, which are currently being constructed for the electricity worldwide market, are mostly based on Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs). To control such systems, multilevel converters are increasingly preferred due to the well-known benefits they provide. This paper deals with the [...] Read more.
Wind power systems, which are currently being constructed for the electricity worldwide market, are mostly based on Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs). To control such systems, multilevel converters are increasingly preferred due to the well-known benefits they provide. This paper deals with the control of a standalone DFIG-based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) by using a three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) converter. The frequency and magnitude of the stator output voltage of the DFIG are controlled and fixed at nominal values despite the variable rotor speed, ensuring a continuous AC supply for three-phase loads. This task is achieved by controlling the DFIG rotor currents via a PI controller combined with a new Simplified Direct Space Vector Modulation strategy (SDSVM), which is applied to the three-level NPC converter. This strategy is based on the use of a line-to-line three-level converter space vector diagram without using Park transformation and then simplifying it to that of a two-level converter. The performance of the proposed SDSVM technique in terms of controlling the three-level NPC-converter-based standalone WECS is demonstrated through simulation results. The whole WECS control and the SDSVM strategy are implemented on a dSPACE DS 1104 board that drives a DFIG-based wind system test bench. The obtained experimental results confirm the validity and performance in terms of control. Full article
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17 pages, 5828 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Analysis of Balancing Range for Single-Phase 3L-NPC Converters
by Ziying Wang, Ning Jiao, Shunliang Wang, Junpeng Ma, Rui Zhang and Tianqi Liu
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061464 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1329
Abstract
Multiple techniques have been suggested to achieve control balance in single-phase three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) converters. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency of quantitative calculations related to the extent of balancing. Operating beyond the balancing range may result in a sequence of safety incidents. [...] Read more.
Multiple techniques have been suggested to achieve control balance in single-phase three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) converters. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency of quantitative calculations related to the extent of balancing. Operating beyond the balancing range may result in a sequence of safety incidents. This paper presents a conceptualization of the 3L-NPC converter as two cascaded H-bridges. By employing power conservation principles, the balancing range for the NPC converter is derived, and two novel methods are investigated to broaden the balance range in accordance with the calculated balance range. A comparison is made among the balancing ranges under different balancing control methods. This study establishes a theoretical foundation to ensure the secure and stable operation of the NPC converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F3: Power Electronics)
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28 pages, 11596 KiB  
Article
Airport Microgrid and Its Incorporated Operations
by Chang-Ming Liaw, Chen-Wei Yang and Pin-Hong Jhou
Aerospace 2024, 11(3), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11030192 - 28 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2044
Abstract
This paper presents the development of an airport bipolar DC microgrid and its interconnected operations with the utility grid, electric vehicle (EV), and more electric aircraft (MEA). The microgrid DC-bus voltage is established by the main sources, photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC), [...] Read more.
This paper presents the development of an airport bipolar DC microgrid and its interconnected operations with the utility grid, electric vehicle (EV), and more electric aircraft (MEA). The microgrid DC-bus voltage is established by the main sources, photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC), via unidirectional three-level (3L) boost converters. The proposed one-cycle control (OCC)-based current control scheme and quantitative and robust voltage control scheme are proposed to yield satisfactory responses. Moreover, the PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with FC energy-supporting approach is developed to have improved renewable energy extraction characteristics. The equipped hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consists of an energy-type battery and a power-type flywheel; each device is interfaced to the common DC bus via its own 3L bidirectional interface converter. The energy-coordinated operation is achieved by the proposed droop control. A dump load leg is added to avoid overvoltage due to an energy surplus. The grid-connected energy complementary operation is conducted using a neutral point clamped (NPC) 3L three-phase inverter. In addition to the energy support from grid-to-microgrid (G2M), the reverse mcrogrid-to-grid (M2G) operation is also conductible. Moreover, microgrid-to-vehicle (M2V) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) bidirectional operations can also be applicable. The droop control is also applied to perform these interconnected operations. For the grounded aircraft, bidirectional microgrid-to-aircraft (M2A)/aircraft-to-microgrid (A2M) operations can be performed. The aircraft ground power unit (GPU) function can be preserved by the developed microgrid. The MEA on-board facilities can be powered by the microgrid, including the 115 V/400 Hz AC bus, the 270 V DC bus, the switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Systems and Components for All-Electric Aircraft)
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19 pages, 9711 KiB  
Article
Simple Design Scheme for a 300 kW Modular NPC Inverter Using Thermal RC Network Analysis
by Jae-Woon Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Chee-Woo Lee, Byoung-Gun Park and Jin-Kyu Lee
Energies 2024, 17(2), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020393 - 12 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1419
Abstract
This paper proposes a simple design scheme for a modular NPC inverter using thermal RC network analysis. The proposed design process is an efficient and straightforward approach to designing the heatsink for a 300 kW modular neutral-point-clamped inverter. The heatsink design plays a [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a simple design scheme for a modular NPC inverter using thermal RC network analysis. The proposed design process is an efficient and straightforward approach to designing the heatsink for a 300 kW modular neutral-point-clamped inverter. The heatsink design plays a crucial role in achieving high power density of a power converter because the weight and size of the heatsink are primarily influenced by its type. The structure and dimensions of the heatsink are mainly determined based on the generated heat by losses of the power semiconductor switches. In this paper, a thermal RC network model was established using parameters from the power switch module and was applied to the simulation of the power converter. The thermal losses of the power semiconductor switches were calculated via this process, and the heatsink was designed according to the calculated thermal losses. The proposed design scheme was analyzed and compared with the thermal fluid dynamic model. To validate the feasibility of the proposed design process, The simulation results were compared with experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Power Converters)
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18 pages, 7060 KiB  
Article
Torque Increase Strategy for Induction Motor in the Field-Weakening Region Based on Model Predictive Control
by Jingtao Huang, Shuai Liu, Peng Zhang and Yanan Wang
Actuators 2023, 12(10), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12100395 - 22 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2949
Abstract
In the field-weakening region, the traditional field-weakening method for induction motor drives based on model predictive control (MPC) is to take a no-load operation as the premise and adjust the flux reference in the cost function proportional to the inverse of the rotor [...] Read more.
In the field-weakening region, the traditional field-weakening method for induction motor drives based on model predictive control (MPC) is to take a no-load operation as the premise and adjust the flux reference in the cost function proportional to the inverse of the rotor speed, which leads to poor torque output. This paper presents a novel field-weakening method for IM drives based on MPC. Considering the induction motor field-weakening limiting conditions and according to the speed adaptive field-weakening strategy with a voltage closed-loop, the speed adaptive field-weakening controllers were designed to optimize the references of the excitation current and torque current. In the rotor field-orientation d–q coordinate system, the stator flux amplitude and torque reference values were optimized by the optimal distribution current. Then, according to the dead-beat control principle, they were converted into an equivalent stator flux vector reference. Moreover, the stator voltage vector reference can be obtained. For an induction motor fed by a three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter, the cost function was constructed by combining all the constraints, including the voltage vector, the neutral potential balance, and the switching frequency. In this way, the high-performance field-weakening operation for the induction motor based on a model predictive control can be realized. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method can increase the torque output by 22% in the field-weakening region; at the same time, the steady characteristics and the dynamic response performance can be maintained well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Intelligent Control in Actuators Systems)
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9 pages, 4644 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Design of Three-Level NPC AC/DC Bidirectional Converter Using Model Predictive Controller for DC Bus Voltage Stability of Subway
by Mohsin Ihsan and Shunfeng Yang
Eng. Proc. 2023, 46(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023046037 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2530
Abstract
In this paper, the model predictive control technique is proposed to control the voltage balancing for the subway train 1500 V DC system for variable loads. This paper compares the conventional neutral point clamped converter (NPC) using the control technique of a PI [...] Read more.
In this paper, the model predictive control technique is proposed to control the voltage balancing for the subway train 1500 V DC system for variable loads. This paper compares the conventional neutral point clamped converter (NPC) using the control technique of a PI controller with model predictive control in variable load conditions. MPC enhances the stability of the system during variable loads in comparison with the conventional technique. Consequently, the suggested control technique using MPC can maintain the DC bus output voltage dynamics at variable loads for the subway. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the DC bus output voltage dynamics for the proposed control method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th International Electrical Engineering Conference)
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17 pages, 12564 KiB  
Article
Robust Predictive Current Control of PMSG Wind Turbines with Sensor Noise Suppression
by Junda Li, Oluleke Babayomi, Zhenbin Zhang and Zhen Li
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6255; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176255 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
Model predictive control (MPC) is an efficient and multi-functional control scheme for synchronous permanent magnet generators (PMSGs). However, the effective management of traditional MPC depends on precise system models. Multiple uncertainties of permanent magnet flux, motor inductance, filter inductance and parameter measurement noise [...] Read more.
Model predictive control (MPC) is an efficient and multi-functional control scheme for synchronous permanent magnet generators (PMSGs). However, the effective management of traditional MPC depends on precise system models. Multiple uncertainties of permanent magnet flux, motor inductance, filter inductance and parameter measurement noise will limit MPC’s performance. The conventional linear extended state observer (ESO) can perform robust predictive control of the ultralocal model of the PMSG system to cope with parameter mismatches. However, the ESO is limited in balancing disturbance rejection with measurement noise attenuation. Since the amplification of high-frequency noise pollution can lead to both poor control performance and system instability, this challenge is of significant importance. To solve the problem, a new hybrid parallel cascaded ESO (PCESO) model-free predictive control framework is proposed using the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) power electronic converter, on both the machine side and grid side. Analytical discussions of the time and frequency domain characteristics of the PCESO demonstrate its superior characteristics over the ESO. The proposed method can effectively balance parameter mismatch, disturbance rejection and high-frequency noise suppression. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method, under uncertainties of parameter mismatches, measurement noise and permanent magnet flux, is verified through real-time hardware-in-the-loop tests on a back-to-back grid-tied PMSG interfaced with an NPC power converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control in Power Electronics, Drives and Generators)
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