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Energies
Volume 18
Issue 12
10.3390/en18123132
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Conventional and Sequential Predictive Control for Grid-Tied NPC Inverters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Study

by
Jakson Bonaldo
1,
Beichen Duan
2,
Marco Rivera
3,4,*,
K. V. Ling
2,
Camila Fantin
1 and
Patrick Wheeler
3
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 1367, Cuiaba 78060-900, Brazil
2
School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637331, Singapore
3
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Institute, University of Nottingham, 15 Triumph Rd, Lenton, Nottingham NG7 2GT, UK
4
Laboratorio de Conversión de Energías y Electrónica de Potencia (LCEEP), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte # 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(12), 3132; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123132 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 3 May 2025 / Revised: 2 June 2025 / Accepted: 12 June 2025 / Published: 14 June 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has become very attractive for the efficient control of power converters. This paper compares Classical MPC (C-MPC) and Sequential MPC (S-MPC) for a three-level NPC converter. Although C-MPC is simple to implement, it faces challenges such as switching frequency variations and complex weighting factor tuning. S-MPC addresses these issues by prioritizing control objectives sequentially, eliminating weighting factors, and simplifying controller design. Simulation results show that S-MPC improves the tracking of output currents, reduces harmonic distortion, and enhances the balancing of dc–link voltages under steady-state and transient conditions. These findings establish S-MPC as a robust alternative to C-MPC, improving power quality and system performance in multilevel converter applications.
Keywords: grid-connected inverter; neutral-point clamped converter (NPC); power quality; renewable energy sources; sequential model predictive control grid-connected inverter; neutral-point clamped converter (NPC); power quality; renewable energy sources; sequential model predictive control

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bonaldo, J.; Duan, B.; Rivera, M.; Ling, K.V.; Fantin, C.; Wheeler, P. Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Conventional and Sequential Predictive Control for Grid-Tied NPC Inverters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Study. Energies 2025, 18, 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123132

AMA Style

Bonaldo J, Duan B, Rivera M, Ling KV, Fantin C, Wheeler P. Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Conventional and Sequential Predictive Control for Grid-Tied NPC Inverters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Study. Energies. 2025; 18(12):3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123132

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bonaldo, Jakson, Beichen Duan, Marco Rivera, K. V. Ling, Camila Fantin, and Patrick Wheeler. 2025. "Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Conventional and Sequential Predictive Control for Grid-Tied NPC Inverters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Study" Energies 18, no. 12: 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123132

APA Style

Bonaldo, J., Duan, B., Rivera, M., Ling, K. V., Fantin, C., & Wheeler, P. (2025). Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Conventional and Sequential Predictive Control for Grid-Tied NPC Inverters: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Study. Energies, 18(12), 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123132

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