Search Results (8,156)

The long-term reliability of selective laser melting (SLM) equipment is constrained by the latent degradation and coupled faults of multiple underlying hardware systems under continuous high-load operations. Transitioning from passive defect detection to proactive prognostics and health management (PHM) is crucial to overcome bottlenecks in industrial applications. Accurately inferring future multi-system hardware states faces three major challenges: feature alignment difficulties under variable-length printing cycles, graph topology collapse under strong industrial noise, and dimensional conflicts along with error cascading divergence during the joint optimization of microscopic physical trajectories (continuous regression) and macroscopic system anomalies (discrete classification) in end-to-end prediction. To address these issues, this paper proposes a decoupled spatiotemporal graph autoregressive network (DS-GAN). First, a multi-scale feature pooling and degradation gating injection mechanism is constructed to align highly variable-length high-frequency sequences and adaptively integrate macroscopic health priors. This approach achieves feature decoupling under physical boundary constraints. Second, a restricted residual graph evolution mechanism is introduced to regulate dynamic coupling drift based on static physical topologies, effectively suppressing feature divergence in the spatial dimension. Finally, a heterogeneous multi-task autoregressive decoder based on homoscedastic uncertainty is designed; this decoder helps reduce the impact of accumulated errors along the time axis during multi-step forecasting. Long-sequence forward inference on a real SLM continuous printing dataset demonstrates that DS-GAN achieves an overall accuracy of 97.48% for multi-system anomalies while strictly limiting the global false alarm rate to 1.85%. Furthermore, quantitative results reveal the physical inertia mechanism within the prediction horizon, demonstrating that the model maintains high fidelity for physical trajectories with a Macro-RMSE of 0.062, even under a maximum predictive horizon of 20 s. This study provides a reliable theoretical and engineering framework for dynamic coupling correlation analysis and proactive fault warning of multi-systems in complex industrial equipment. Full article

Background/Objectives: The escalating incidence of cesarean deliveries has driven an increase in cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Given the risks of hemorrhage and uterine rupture, surgical intervention is recommended; however, the optimal modality remains unclear. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated the efficacy and safety of surgical and combined techniques for CSP management. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration, electronic databases were searched from January 2010 onwards. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies (≥5 patients) evaluating primary uterus-preserving surgical interventions for CSP. A frequentist NMA calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD), with treatments ranked via surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. Results: Sixty-four studies (8970 women; 63 non-randomized, one randomized) were included. Combined hysteroscopic-laparoscopic surgery (COMB_HL) ranked highest for initial treatment success (SUCRA = 93.5%; OR vs. dilation and curettage [DC] = 6.05, 95% CI: 2.50–14.65), followed by high-intensity focused ultrasound plus curettage (HIFU_C) (SUCRA = 79.1%), laparoscopic resection (70.6%), and ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy plus curettage (64.5%). Methotrexate plus curettage was not statistically distinguishable from DC (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.35–1.46). Blood loss (MD = −39.92 mL) and hospital stay (MD = −1.00 day) favoured advanced modalities, but heterogeneity was very high (I² = 95.0% and 96.7%) and both prediction intervals crossed the null. HIFU_C reduced overall complications versus DC (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07–0.72). Reproductive outcomes were too sparsely reported for synthesis. Evidence certainty was low for treatment success and very low for secondary safety endpoints. Conclusions: The available observational evidence suggests that visually guided and combined modalities are associated with a higher probability of success than blind DC. Rankings are hypothesis-generating rather than proof of superiority; treatment should be individualized to CSP type, residual myometrial thickness, gestational age, fertility wishes and local expertise. Full article

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) in smart home environments is essential for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). However, existing methods utilizing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) typically rely on static sensor topologies and fail to adequately capture the dynamic spatio-temporal dependencies and heterogeneous nature of multi-sensor data. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Graph Attention Network (DSTGAT) for robust HAR in smart homes. First, a multi-modal feature embedding mechanism is introduced to unify temporal, spatial, sensor type, and observation data into a cohesive representation. Second, a Cascade-LSTM architecture, combining bidirectional and unidirectional LSTMs, is designed to model the asymmetric temporal dependencies of human activities. Furthermore, to overcome the limitations of fixed graphs, a dynamic graph learning module based on Gumbel-Softmax sampling is proposed to adaptively reconstruct the sensor adjacency matrix. Finally, a Talking-Head graph attention mechanism is employed to facilitate cross-head feature interaction, enhancing global semantic fusion. Extensive experiments on four public CASAS smart home datasets (Aruba, Milan, Cairo, and Kyoto7) demonstrate that DSTGAT attains the highest F1 score on all four datasets, with improvements of 2.70 to 9.26 percentage points over the strongest baseline on each dataset; repeated runs with paired statistical tests confirm that these margins are significant on three of the four datasets (p < 0.01). Additionally, the proposed model degrades by no more than 0.6 percentage points with 30% missing sensor data on three of the four datasets. This research provides a highly efficient and reliable solution for non-intrusive activity monitoring in smart home deployments. Full article

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) genotyping and to describe the clinical phenotype and pharmacogenomic (PGx) implementation readiness of adults referred for clinically suspected FH at a Lithuanian tertiary cardiology center. The study was designed as a descriptive retrospective analysis of existing clinical and genetic test results generated using heterogeneous historical sequencing platforms. Materials and Methods: This single-center descriptive cohort included 48 adults with clinically suspected FH evaluated between February 2022 and June 2023. Patients were classified according to Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria before genetic testing. Historical targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) results were reviewed. Genetic findings were interpreted using a three-tier reporting framework: diagnostic FH-associated findings, pharmacogenomic findings relevant to future implementation, and VUS, common polymorphisms, or other non-diagnostic findings. Because harmonized PGx star-allele/diplotype calling was not available across historical platforms, PGx findings were not analysed as a mutually exclusive patient-level category. Results: Pathogenic FH-associated variants were identified in 13 of 48 patients (27.1%), including eight LDLR and five APOB variant carriers. In the remaining 35 patients (72.9%), no pathogenic or likely pathogenic FH-associated variant was identified within the analytical scope of the historical test used. This non-diagnostic category could include VUS, common polymorphisms, exploratory findings, or no reportable variant. Patients carrying pathogenic LDLR variants had higher total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations than patients without detected pathogenic variants. PGx-related findings were considered observations relevant to reporting and future implementation; they were not evaluated as predictors of statin response, statin intolerance, or LDL-C reduction. Conclusions: In this Lithuanian real-world cohort, pathogenic LDLR or APOB variants were identified in 27.1% of patients referred for suspected FH. Retrospective analyses of heterogeneous historical genetic results can inform diagnostic reporting and implementation planning but cannot establish PGx associations with statin efficacy or intolerance without harmonized diplotype calling and prospectively collected treatment outcomes. Full article

Brain aging is characterized by heterogeneous microglial states and altered mitochondrial, metabolic, and lysosomal homeostasis. Mitophagy is central to mitochondrial quality control, but its contribution to age-associated microglial dysfunction remains incompletely understood. This review examines how microglial mitophagy interacts with mitochondrial and lysosomal quality control, immunometabolic adaptation, and inflammatory signaling during brain aging, while distinguishing direct microglial evidence from findings derived from other experimental systems. Aging remodels microglial mitochondrial, metabolic, and lysosomal functions in a state- and context-dependent manner, including reactive, disease-associated, lipid-associated, and senescence-like states. Mitophagy may preserve mitochondrial quality control by limiting the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and associated oxidative and danger signals. However, static mitophagy-associated markers do not establish completed mitophagic flux, which requires mitochondrial delivery to lysosomes and subsequent degradation within them. Human postmortem studies reveal age- and disease-associated alterations in mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy-related pathways, but direct measurements of mitophagic flux in defined human microglial populations remain limited. Age-related changes in lysosomal capacity, acidification, metabolic stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and coordination between mitochondrial clearance and biogenesis may collectively influence microglial resilience. Whether phagocytic and mitophagic cargo directly compete for lysosomal capacity remains unproven. We therefore propose a Microglial Mitophagy Threshold Model as a conceptual, testable framework in which mitochondrial damage, mitophagic clearance, lysosomal capacity, mitochondrial renewal, and microglial state collectively determine mitochondrial homeostasis or persistent inflammatory dysfunction. Microglial mitophagy should be viewed as part of an interconnected mitochondrial–lysosomal quality control network. Direct assessment of mitophagic flux alongside microglial state, mitochondrial dynamics and function, bioenergetics, and lysosomal capacity will be essential to validate this framework. Full article

The Yangtze River Economic Belt serves as a pilot region for China’s strategy of ecological priority and green development. Through its time–space compression effect, the launch of high-speed rail can significantly shape factor flows and industrial distribution. Therefore, investigating the relationship between high-speed rail opening and inclusive green development carries important practical significance. This study selects 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research samples and constructs an inclusive green development evaluation system covering three dimensions: economic growth, social equity, and ecological sustainability. On this basis, a multi-period difference-in-differences model is employed to identify the effect of high-speed rail opening on inclusive green development, and the mediation and moderation effect models are used to reveal its mechanism. Given the staggered rollout of high-speed rail across cities, heterogeneity-robust estimators and a series of sensitivity analyses are further employed to examine the robustness of the baseline results. The empirical results show the following: (1) Under the preferred two-way fixed-effects specification, the average effect of high-speed rail opening on inclusive green development is statistically insignificant. The dynamic and heterogeneity-robust estimates indicate a delayed effect that becomes significantly positive six to seven years after opening, suggesting an economically meaningful accumulated effect in the longer run. (2) Technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading are examined as transmission channels. The point estimates are consistent with the proposed directions, but the mediation evidence is statistically weak and is reported as suggestive rather than conclusive. (3) Environmental regulation significantly strengthens the relationship between high-speed rail and inclusive green development, whereas the moderating role of financial development is not statistically significant. (4) The estimated effects show no significant regional differentiation under the preferred specification, and a negative association appears among provincial capital cities. This study provides theoretical support and practical reference for optimizing the layout of the high-speed rail network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting the coordinated development of transportation infrastructure construction and inclusive green development. Full article

Medium- to low-temperature carbonate geothermal reservoirs exhibit strong multiscale heterogeneity under sparse well control. This study presents an integrated three-dimensional modeling workflow combining fault-constrained structural modeling, log-based reservoir-facies interpretation, multiple-point geostatistics (MPS), an MCF-Net-derived conditional generative network, and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS). The workflow is applied to the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Xiong’an New Area using 16 conditioning wells, with Well JTXC3 reserved for a case-level consistency assessment. The conditional model contains approximately 55% dense dolomite, 12% vuggy-fractured dolomite, 18% porous dolomite, and 15% microporous dolomite. Reservoir-prone facies and relatively high porosity, permeability, and temperature values occur mainly near structural highs and major faults, consistent with the regional geological interpretation. The study demonstrates how structural, facies, petrophysical, and temperature information can be coordinated in a field-scale conditional modeling framework. Internal overlapping-window subsets are used to assess model convergence and reconstruction consistency, while the JTXC3 comparison provides preliminary external evidence at the well scale. Broader comparative validation using spatially independent partitions, multiple withheld wells, baseline models, and realization ensembles is identified as a priority for future work. Full article

Travel Reservation Strategy (TRS) provides a capacity-constrained approach for managing recurrent congestion by regulating access to selected urban road links. This study develops a Multidimensional Traffic Split and Assignment (MDTSA) model to evaluate TRS within a heterogeneous multimodal transportation system. The model integrates traveler heterogeneity in value of time, five travel alternatives, non-separable car–bus road impedance, reservation-access constraints, and joint mode–route choice under stochastic user equilibrium. A variational inequality formulation is solved using the Method of Successive Weighted Averages. Numerical experiments on the Sioux Falls network show that TRS increases average network speed by 8.1%, reduces average road saturation by 12.5%, decreases total generalized travel cost by 2.3%, and lowers vehicle-hours traveled by 6.5%. The strategy also shifts travel demand away from private cars, whose modal share decreases by 2.48 percentage points, while bus and metro shares increase by 1.91 percentage points in total. Model-comparison results indicate that neglecting traveler heterogeneity or combined travel modes weakens the estimated effects of TRS, while sensitivity analysis shows that the main performance improvements remain stable across the tested reservation-capacity ratios and demand levels. These findings demonstrate the value of multidimensional equilibrium modeling for evaluating reservation-based urban traffic management. Full article

Network Digital Twins (NDTs) require accurate, structured, and timely data from heterogeneous communication networks. However, many existing approaches assume that this information is already available and do not address the operational path needed to convert raw observations into deployable twin artifacts. This paper presents DANA, a lifecycle-aware data acquisition and transformation system for dedicated network devices and general-purpose systems hosting virtualized or containerized functions. Its key technical contribution is a unified workflow that coordinates centralized and distributed acquisition through a common, state-aware normalization layer. Each observation is associated with source, temporal, scenario, and lifecycle metadata, enabling the system to preserve the structural baseline used to construct the twin while processing runtime monitoring information separately. The normalized representation is decoupled from deployment-specific descriptor generation, while data and control exchanges follow a publish/subscribe communication model. The system is evaluated in two complementary controlled laboratory scenarios. The centralized workflow demonstrates accurate topology reconstruction and high agreement in network reachability, whereas the distributed workflow validates the complete path from host-level acquisition and normalization to descriptor generation and twin instantiation. Complementary local microbenchmarks characterize MQTT transport, fixed-load resource use, and stop/recovery event propagation to a test consumer while preserving the structural baseline. These results support the feasibility of the proposed workflow in the studied environments; large-scale operation and full synchronization of deployed NDTs require further experimental validation. Full article

Smart agriculture and smart breeding are evolving from isolated sensing toward geographically distributed, long-term, data-driven closed-loop management. Dispersed farms and breeding sites, UAV and remote-sensing phenotyping, real-time field control, edge inference, and digital-twin synchronization impose heterogeneous demands on coverage, latency, bandwidth, reliability, computing, and energy. Space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGINs) combine satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles/high-altitude platforms, and terrestrial networks for wide-area coverage and elastic access, but introduce dynamic topologies, heterogeneous multi-domain resources, and complex cross-layer orchestration. Focusing on intelligent SAGIN resource management enabled by software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), this review examines controller placement, NFV/service function chain orchestration, SDN/NFV cooperation, learning-driven optimization, and security mechanisms. Representative studies are compared by objectives, decision variables, mechanisms, applicability boundaries, and engineering costs. These mechanisms are connected to smart agriculture and smart breeding through ubiquitous connectivity, edge computing, task offloading, phenotyping, and digital-twin closed loops, while distinguishing experimentally supported agricultural evidence from SAGIN-oriented architectural inference. Future research should move beyond single-metric optimization toward joint evaluation of state freshness, decision latency, reconfiguration cost, learning and security overhead, and agronomic outcomes to improve deployability, robustness, and verifiability of cross-domain resource management under real deployment conditions across heterogeneous agricultural environments. Full article

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) exhibits substantial molecular heterogeneity during disease progression. We investigated stage-specific changes in PI3K–AKT-associated signaling programs from early tumorigenesis to metastatic disease. Two publicly available microarray datasets, GSE36668 (normal, borderline, and carcinoma; n = 4 per group) and GSE73064 (primary tumor, ascites, and metastasis; n = 5 per group), were analyzed using differential expression, gene set enrichment, protein–protein interaction network analysis, and hub-gene identification. PI3K–AKT-associated genes were subsequently characterized by functional enrichment, exploratory survival analysis using KM Plotter, and independent stage-stratified validation in TCGA-OV. Survival analyses were considered exploratory because KM Plotter-derived p-values were not adjusted for multiple testing. Carcinoma-associated genes were predominantly linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated PI3K signaling. Ascites-associated genes were enriched in integrin-dependent signaling and microenvironmental adaptation, whereas metastasis-associated genes formed inflammatory and survival-related modules involving IL6, JAK1, PTK2, AREG, EIF4E, and HSP90B1. In stage-stratified TCGA-OV analysis, all seven metastasis-associated genes were significantly associated with overall survival in Stage IV disease, supporting the prognostic relevance of the metastatic module. HGSOC progression is characterized by stage-associated reorganization of PI3K–AKT-related signaling rather than uniform pathway activation. The identified molecular programs suggest a transition from RTK-associated proliferative signaling in carcinoma to integrin-dependent survival adaptation in ascites and inflammatory survival signaling during metastasis. Full article

Oasis–valley cities can exhibit directionally uneven public transport accessibility in the context of constrained development corridors and dispersed peripheral clusters. However, existing studies rarely explain these directional differences while jointly accounting for heterogeneous commercial facilities, full-process travel costs, and time-specific shopping scenarios. This study asks how public transport accessibility aligns with commercial opportunities in central Urumqi and how the associated factors vary across the core, inner suburbs, and peripheral clusters. We analyzed 105 subdistricts and 16 shopping centers using geographic information system (GIS) analysis, door-to-door transit travel-time isochrones, a cumulative transit service-opportunity index, and geographically weighted regression. Three findings emerged. (1) Transit supply broadly followed population concentration: population density correlated with stop density (r = 0.804) and road-network density (r = 0.780), although localized mismatches persisted. (2) Commercial opportunities formed one primary and three secondary centers; accessibility extended north–south but contracted east–west, and the main peripheral clusters generally required 45–60 min to reach. (3) Local model fit ranged from R² = 0.26 to 0.55, with accessibility associated mainly with population in the core, population and road networks in inner suburbs, and distance to the core business district in parts of the periphery. These results provide a basis for prioritizing feeder services and cross-cluster connections in central Urumqi. Full article

To clarify the controlling effects of the well deviation angle and azimuth angle on the breakdown pressure, propagation morphology, and fracture-network complexity of hydraulic fractures in tight sandstone, true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulations were systematically conducted on Chang 7 Member sandstone from Yanchuan County, Ordos Basin, under different well deviation and azimuth angles. By combining injection-pressure monitoring, surface fracture-morphology observation, and three-dimensional laser scanning, the breakdown pressure, propagation path, surface roughness, fractal dimension, and overall complexity of the fractures were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that, at an azimuth angle of 90°, the breakdown pressure of the sandstone generally decreases as the well deviation angle increases from 0° to 90°, dropping from 19.125 MPa to 13.569 MPa, indicating that horizontal wells are easier to fracture. At a well deviation of 60°, the fracture is more prone to deflect and communicate with natural weak planes, yielding the highest overall complexity (f = 1.629). For horizontal wells under normal-faulting stress, the breakdown pressure decreases as the azimuth angle increases; the lowest breakdown pressure (12.933 MPa) is obtained when the wellbore is drilled along the maximum horizontal principal stress (σ_H), and the highest (18.310 MPa) when parallel to the minimum horizontal principal stress (σ_h). When the azimuth angle is 30°, both the fracture-surface roughness (S_a = 2.037 mm, S_q = 2.691 mm) and the overall complexity (f = 1.679) reach their maxima, which is most favorable for forming tortuous, rough, and complex fracture networks. The fractal dimension of the fractures varies little across the tested conditions (2.0339–2.1379), indicating that it is mainly controlled by the intrinsic heterogeneity of the rock. The research results can provide an experimental basis for the optimization of horizontal-well trajectories and fracturing-parameter design in tight sandstone reservoirs. Full article

A companion study documented that the resource efficiency adoption gap between medium-sized and microenterprises narrowed by over 80% across the EU27 between 2017 and 2024, but its EU-aggregate design could not establish whether this was a Europe-wide transition or a few national trajectories, nor which mechanism drove it. This article decomposes that finding into 27 country-specific convergence parameters using a two-step estimation and meta-analysis strategy, and tests whether the 2021–2022 energy price shock, renewable energy endowment, or environmental policy stringency explain the cross-country heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is robust to estimator choice (I² = 53.1%, p < 0.001), ranging from intense compression in Romania, Austria, Germany, and Spain to null or reversed dynamics in Estonia, Slovenia, and Slovakia, and is driven disproportionately by the largest national SME populations. The average convergence effect is more fragile, excluding unity under a conventional interval (random-effects IRR 0.905, 95% CI 0.820–0.999) but not under the more conservative Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman correction appropriate for k = 27 (95% CI 0.818–1.001); we treat it as indicative rather than confirmed. None of the theory-driven moderators explains the heterogeneity (all coefficients below |0.029| SD, all p > 0.57), a null substantiated by a formal power analysis and, for an internal initial-gap moderator, by a split-sample design removing a regression-to-the-mean artefact present in a naive test; this rejects national-policy-mediated coercive pressure specifically, not supranational or network-transmitted channels. Two exploratory, purely descriptive extensions accompany the analysis: a small non-EU contrast group shows convergence not visibly different from the EU27, though underpowered to adjudicate between mechanisms; and services-sector SME share shows a nominally significant, non-multiple-testing-robust, association with stronger convergence. Published as the EU’s Omnibus I reform narrows CSRD-obligated reporters and caps value-chain information requests to smaller partners, this country-level baseline provides the reference point for assessing the durability of SME sustainability convergence as new data become available, with direct implications for EU-level SME greening policy. Full article

As a disruptive technology to overcome the bottlenecks of conventional mechanical excavation and blasting, microwave-assisted rock fragmentation demonstrates tremendous potential in deep geo-resource development and extreme-environment engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest advances in this field, thoroughly dissecting the electromagnetic–thermal–mechanical–chemical (THMC) multi-field coupling mechanisms governing microwave–rock interactions. Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the mechanisms of thermal stress fracturing, phase-transition expansion, and thermo-chemical coupling damage triggered by mineral dielectric heterogeneity. The nonlinear effects of microwave radiation parameters, intrinsic rock properties, and complex in-situ stress environments on fracturing efficiency are rigorously analyzed, and precision multi-scale characterization methodologies—from macroscopic mechanical degradation to microscopic fracture networks—are comprehensively summarized. Building upon this foundation, the paper critically evaluates the current engineering application status and electromagnetic safety shielding challenges of this technology in frontier scenarios, including microwave-assisted tunnel boring machines (TBM), intelligent mineral sorting, deep unconventional oil and gas fracturing, and space in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Finally, the limitations of existing research regarding cross-scale effects, high-temperature and high-pressure in-situ testing, and dynamic intelligent control are identified, and future development pathways oriented toward multi-source data fusion and adaptive power modulation are prospected, aiming to provide robust theoretical support and forward-looking guidance for the cross-scale engineering transformation of microwave rock-breaking technology. Full article