Saved Queries

Optimizing the neuromechanical determinants of explosive performance remains a key objective in sports science. This study compared the effects of an eight-week movement-pattern-based training program (MPT) with an isometric strength training protocol (ITG) on countermovement jump (CMJ) mechanics in competitive track and field athletes. Thirty-four athletes (19 men, 15 women) with ≥7 years of training experience were randomly allocated to the MPT or ITG. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using dual force plates to evaluate jump height, musculotendinous stiffness, concentric and eccentric impulses, contraction time, eccentric-to-concentric force ratio, and rate of force development (RFD). The MPT elicited significant gains in stiffness (Δ = +840.94 ± 1302.21 N/m; p = 0.002), maintained concentric peak force, and reduced contraction time (Δ = –64.53 ± 190.32 ms; p = 0.01), suggesting improved elastic efficiency and neuromuscular timing. Conversely, ITG was associated with reductions in concentric peak force (Δ = –66.18 ± 77.45 N; p = 0.003) and stiffness (Δ = –691.94 ± 1414.41 N/m) and an increase in the eccentric-to-concentric force ratio (Δ = +1.99%; p = 0.006). The RFD changes were inconsistent across both groups. These findings indicate that dynamic multi-joint training confers superior neuromechanical adaptations compared to isolated isometric loading. From a performance perspective, programming strategies should prioritize movement-specific dynamic tasks to enhance the explosive qualities critical for sprinting, jumping, and multidirectional field sports. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Applied Neuroscience and Neural Engineering)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 334 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Field of Gender Through Metaphors: The Dilemma of Female and Male Referees in the Minds of Football Fans

by Sabiha Gizem Engin

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101359 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

The perception of football as a male-dominated sport by society, coupled with the socio-cultural and economic barriers faced by women, has constrained their presence in the domain of football and revealed the manifestation of gender norms within the sport. This exclusion further masculinizes sport, negatively affecting social unity and cohesion, and deepening inequality within sport. Within this context, the study seeks to reveal how football fans perceive female and male referees through metaphorical representations. Participants, selected using purposive sampling, are individuals who regularly attend football matches and have experience watching games officiated by female football referees. The research employed a phenomenological approach to analyse metaphors generated by 352 football fans regarding female and male referees. Data were collected online through the Google Forms platform, which was accessible only to the researcher via password-protected access. During the analysis process, metaphors were coded, categorized, and transformed into meaningful interpretative formats. Results indicate that female referees are predominantly described with metaphors associated with sexist objectification, such as “flower”, “rose”, and “queen.” Female referees are represented by social roles and stereotypes metaphors like “mother,” and “gold,” yet they are also confronted with violence and disparaging metaphors such as “trash” and “chaos.” Conversely, male referees are perceived through metaphors evoking strength, toughness, and authority, including “lion”, “stone”, “authority”, “king”, and “leader.” These metaphorical representations highlight the persistence of gender norms within sport, demonstrating how women’s professional competencies are overshadowed by societal codes. Moreover, they are depicted as figures of power and discipline, reflecting masculinity within the sporting context. Ultimately, the research seeks to raise awareness about gender-based perceptions and foster transformation towards greater gender equality in sport. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)

13 pages, 3906 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Post-Washing Time and Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Additively Manufactured Permanent Dental Resin Material

by Pei-Wen Peng, Jia-Syuan Chou, Le-Xin Chen, Po-En Chuang, Hidekazu Takahashi, Min-Chieh Hsieh and Wei-Fang Lee

Polymers 2025, 17(19), 2694; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17192694 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Digital light processing (DLP) is widely used in permanent dental restorations for its precision and efficiency, yet the effects of build orientation and post-washing time on resin properties remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the factors that impact the performance and biocompatibility of DLP-printed dental resins. Methods: Specimens were additively manufactured using permanent dental resin at 0°, 15°, and 90° orientations and post-washed for 90, 120, or 150 s. Evaluated properties included dimensional accuracy, hardness, flexural strength and modulus, degree of conversion, water sorption/solubility, and cytotoxicity. Results: Build orientation and post-washing time significantly affected dimensional accuracy, with thickness showing the least deviation. Flexural strength (p < 0.001) and modulus (p < 0.01) were highest at the 0° orientation. Post-washing for 90 s led to the greatest water absorption, while solubility remained unaffected. Cell viability increased with longer post-washing times, peaking at 150 s, with significant effects observed on days 5 and 7 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Build orientation significantly affected dimensional accuracy and flexural strength, while post-washing time had minimal impact on physical properties. Notably, extended post-washing improved cell viability and reduced cytotoxicity, indicating its potential to enhance the clinical biocompatibility of DLP-fabricated dental resin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Polymer Biomedical Materials in Medicine and Dentistry)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 3062 KB

Open AccessReview

Catalyst Development for Dry Reforming of Methane and Ethanol into Syngas: Recent Advances and Perspectives

by Manshuk Mambetova, Moldir Anissova, Laura Myltykbayeva, Nursaya Makayeva, Kusman Dossumov and Gaukhar Yergaziyeva

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10722; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910722 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Dry reforming of methane and ethanol is a promising catalytic process for the conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon feedstocks into synthesis gas (H₂/CO), which serves as a key platform for the production of fuels and chemicals. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been achieved in the design of catalysts with enhanced activity and stability under the demanding conditions of these strongly endothermic reactions. This review summarizes the latest developments in catalyst systems for DRM and EDR, including Ni-based catalysts, perovskite-type oxides, MOF-derived materials, and high-entropy alloys. Particular attention is given to strategies for suppressing carbon deposition and preventing metal sintering, such as oxygen vacancy engineering in oxide supports, rare earth and transition metal doping, strong metal–support interactions, and morphological control via core–shell and mesoporous architectures. These approaches have been shown to improve coke resistance, maintain metal dispersion, and extend catalyst lifetimes. The review also highlights emerging concepts such as multifunctional hybrid systems and innovative synthesis methods. By consolidating recent findings, this work provides a comprehensive overview of current progress and future perspectives in catalyst development for DRM and EDR, offering valuable guidelines for the rational design of advanced catalytic materials. Full article

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2533 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enzymatic Analysis of Chitin Deacetylases on Crystalline Chitin with Varied Molecular Weights: Insights from Active Pocket Characteristic Analysis

by Kaige Chen, Shengyu Yang and Jun Cai

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10721; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910721 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Chitin deacetylases (CDAs), which catalyze the deacetylation of chitin to produce chitosan, have garnered significant interest due to their environmental compatibility and ability to control product quality. However, the low conversion efficiency resulting from chitin’s high molecular weight and crystallinity, as well as structural limitations of CDAs, has impeded their industrial application. In this study, we present the integrated approach combining bioinformatics and computational tools (adaptive Poisson–Boltzmann solver, Fpocket, and ProteinPlus) to systematically analyze sequence features and variations in active pocket properties among CDAs from diverse origins. Experimental evaluation of the deacetylation activity of AnCDA, AsCDA, BaCDA, and ScCDA, each with distinct pocket characteristics, on chitin substrates with varying molecular parameters revealed that CDAs with high hydrophobicity scores and low surface-to-volume ratios exhibited superior efficiency in converting high-molecular-weight chitin. These findings guide the rational selection and engineering of CDAs for industrial biocatalysis. Full article

14 pages, 5385 KB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of Water Erosion Resistance of Gypsum Mortars in the Historic Buildings for Conservation Purpose

by Yichen Sun, Ting Li, Jianing Dong, Yan Liu, Xiaoqin Yan, Yong Ling, Guang Huang and Fuwei Yang

Coatings 2025, 15(10), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101165 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Gypsum mortar is widely used in structures of architectural heritage. However, due to the high solubility of gypsum in water, it is easily destroyed by water erosion in outdoor environments, leading to the instability or even failure of the ancient buildings constructed with it. To improve the water erosion resistance of gypsum mortar, the alcoholic solution of barium hydroxide was explored as the protective agent in this study. The method involves treating the gypsum mortar with the alcoholic solution of barium hydroxide and water in sequence. The mechanism of its action and protective properties were studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, conductivity meter, colorimeter, etc., and conclusions were made that the alcoholic solution of barium hydroxide has high permeability and its subsequent conversion to insoluble barium sulfate and calcium carbonate helps to increase the water erosion resistance of the solution. Additionally, the positive results such as the increase in mechanical strength from 20.80 HD to 60.94 HD, the reduction in water absorption from 18.37% to 15.75%, and a total color difference (ΔE*) of less than 3.0 indicated the application prospects of the proposed method in the conservation of the historical buildings made from gypsum mortar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Aspects in Colloid and Interface Science)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 5454 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of the Transition Metal in M₂P (M = Fe, Co, Ni) Phosphides for Methane Activation and C–C Coupling Selectivity

by Abdulrahman Almithn

Catalysts 2025, 15(10), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15100954 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Achieving selective, direct conversion of methane into value-added chemicals requires catalysts that can navigate the intrinsic trade-off between C–H bond activation and over-dehydrogenation. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising catalysts that can tune this selectivity. This work utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to systematically assess how the transition metal’s identity (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in isostructural M₂P phosphides governs this balance. The findings reveal that the high reactivity of Fe₂P and Co₂P, which facilitates initial methane activation, also promotes facile deep dehydrogenation pathways to coke precursors like CH*. In stark contrast, Ni₂P exhibits a moderated reactivity that kinetically hinders CH* formation while simultaneously exhibiting the lowest activation barrier for the C–C coupling of CH₂* intermediates to form ethylene. This revealed trade-off between the high reactivity of Fe/Co phosphides and the high selectivity of Ni₂P offers a guiding principle for the rational design of advanced bimetallic phosphides for efficient methane upgrading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Catalysis for Energy and a Sustainable Environment)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 923 KB

Open AccessArticle

Youth and ChatGPT: Perceptions of Usefulness and Usage Patterns of Generation Z in Polish Higher Education

by Marian Oliński and Kacper Sieciński

Youth 2025, 5(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/youth5040106 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

This article examines how young adults in higher education (Generation Z) perceive the usefulness of ChatGPT by analyzing five learning-support roles within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Expectation–Confirmation Theory (ECT), and Task–Technology Fit (TTF). Drawing on an online survey of 409 students from Polish universities and nonparametric analyses, this study consistently finds that students rate ChatGPT’s potential higher than its current usefulness. The tool is evaluated most favorably as a tutor, task assistant, text editor, and teacher, while its motivational role is rated least effective. Usage patterns matter: students who used ChatGPT for writing tasks rated its assistance with educational assignments more highly, and those who used it for learning activities rated its teaching role more strongly. The strongest evaluations appear when model capabilities such as structuring, summarizing, step-by-step explanations, and personalization align with task requirements. By integrating TAM, ECT, and TTF, this study advances evidence on how Gen Z engages with conversational AI and offers practical guidance for educators, support services, and youth-focused policymakers on equitable and responsible use. Full article

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 854 KB

Open AccessArticle

Conservative Surgery for Colovesical Fistula: Evaluating Laparoscopic and Robotic Minimally Invasive Approaches

by Alessio Paladini, Giovanni Cochetti, Andrea Vitale, Raffaele La Mura, Matteo Mearini and Ettore Mearini

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10718; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910718 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025

Abstract

Colovesical fistulas (CVFs) are abnormal connections between the colon and bladder, most commonly associated with complicated diverticular disease. The standard treatment involves bowel resection to remove the fistulous tract and reduce the risk of recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic and robotic conservative surgery for CVFs, avoiding bowel resection. Between 2012 and 2019, 12 consecutive patients underwent conservative treatment: 5 with a laparoscopic approach and 7 with a robotic approach. Perioperative outcomes showed shorter operative time and lower blood loss in the robotic group (101 min vs. 144 min, p = 0.02; 47 mL vs. 176 mL, p = 0.02). No surgical conversions were required, and the complication rate was low. One recurrence occurred in the laparoscopic group due to extensive diverticular disease. Short- and long-term outcomes demonstrated favorable functional results, with a reduced risk of complications compared to traditional bowel resection. The robotic technique provided advantages in operative time and blood loss. A conservative approach is an option for selected patients, particularly those with non-extensive diverticular disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Robot-Assisted Surgery)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 11276 KB

Open AccessArticle

EP-REx: Evidence-Preserving Receptive-Field Expansion for Efficient Crack Segmentation

by Sanghyuck Lee, Jeongwon Lee, Timur Khairulov, Daehyeon Kim and Jaesung Lee

Symmetry 2025, 17(10), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101653 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2025

Abstract

Crack segmentation plays a vital role in ensuring structural safety, yet practical deployment on resource-limited platforms demands models that balance accuracy with efficiency. While high-accuracy models often rely on computationally heavy designs to expand their receptive fields, recent lightweight approaches typically delay this expansion to the deepest, low-resolution layers to maintain efficiency. This design choice leaves long-range context underutilized, where fine-grained evidence is most intact. In this paper, we propose an evidence-preserving receptive-field expansion network, which integrates a multi-scale dilated block to efficiently capture long-range context from the earliest stages and an input-guided gate that leverages grayscale conversion, average pooling, and gradient extraction to highlight crack evidence directly from raw inputs. Experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed network achieves consistently higher accuracy under lightweight constraints. Each of the three proposed variants—Base, Small, and Tiny—outperforms its corresponding baselines with larger parameter counts, surpassing a total of 13 models. For example, the Base variant reduces parameters by 66% compared to the second-best CrackFormer II and floating-point operations by 53% on the Ceramic dataset, while still delivering superior accuracy. Pareto analyses further confirm that the proposed model establishes a superior accuracy–efficiency trade-off across parameters and floating-point operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning, and Symmetry, 2nd Edition)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1472 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cassava Starch–Onion Peel Powder Biocomposite Films: Functional, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties for Biodegradable Packaging

by Assala Torche, Toufik Chouana, Soufiane Bensalem, Meyada Khaled, Fares Mohammed Laid Rekbi, Elyes Kelai, Şükran Aşgın Uzun, Furkan Türker Sarıcaoğlu, Maria D’Elia and Luca Rastrelli

Polymers 2025, 17(19), 2690; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17192690 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study valorizes onion peel, an agro-industrial by-product rich in phenolic compounds and structural carbohydrates, for the development of cassava starch-based biodegradable films. The films were prepared using the solution casting method; a cassava starch matrix was mixed with a 2.5% glycerol solution and heated to 85 °C for 30 min. A separate solution of onion peel powder (OPP) in distilled water was prepared at 25 °C. The two solutions were then combined and stirred for an additional 2 min before 25 mL of the final mixture was cast to form the films. Onion peel powder (OPP) incorporation produced darker and more opaque films, suitable for packaging light-sensitive foods. Film thickness increased with OPP content (0.138–0.218 mm), while moisture content (19.2–32.6%) and solubility (24.0–25.2%) decreased. Conversely, water vapor permeability (WVP) significantly increased (1.69 × 10⁻⁹–2.77 × 10⁻⁹ g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹·Pa⁻¹; p < 0.0001), reflecting the hydrophilic nature of OPP. Thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) indicated stability up to 245 °C, supporting applications as food coatings. Morphological analysis (SEM) revealed OPP microparticles embedded in the starch matrix, with FTIR and XRD suggesting electrostatic and hydrogen–bond interactions. Mechanically, tensile strength improved (up to 2.71 MPa) while elongation decreased (14.1%), indicating stronger but less flexible films. Biodegradability assays showed slightly reduced degradation (29.0–31.8%) compared with the control (38.4%), likely due to antimicrobial phenolics inhibiting soil microbiota. Overall, OPP and cassava starch represent low-cost, abundant raw materials for the formulation of functional biopolymer films with potential in sustainable food packaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Biopolymer-Based Composites in Food Technology)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2759 KB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon-Source Effects on Growth and Secondary Metabolism in the Marine Bacteroidota Tenacibaculum mesophilum and Fulvivirga kasyanovii

by Luis Linares-Otoya, Virginia Linares-Otoya, Gladys Galliani-Huamanchumo, Terecita Carrion-Zavaleta, Jose Condor-Goytizolo, Till F. Schäberle, Mayar L. Ganoza-Yupanqui and Julio Campos-Florian

Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(10), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100394 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2025

Abstract

Marine Bacteroidota are recognized bacterial producers of bioactive metabolites, yet their biosynthetic potential remains cryptic under standard laboratory conditions. Here, we developed chemically defined media for Fulvivirga kasyanovii 48LL (Cytophagia) and Tenacibaculum mesophilum fLL (Flavobacteriia) to evaluate the effect of environmentally relevant carbon sources on growth and secondary metabolism. F. kasyanovii utilized 31 of 34 tested carbon sources whereas T. mesophilum grew on only five substrates, underscoring a distinct nutritional preferences. Substrate significantly influenced the antibacterial activity of F. kasyanovii extracts. Growth on β-1,3-glucan, glycerol, poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), fish gelatin, or pectin resulted in extracts generating the largest inhibition zones (10–13 mm) against Bacillus subtilis or Rossellomorea marisflavi. Genome analysis revealed F. kasyanovii to be enriched in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), notably harboring a ~570 kb genomic island comprising five large NRPS/PKS-type clusters. Quantitative PCR confirmed carbon-source-dependent regulation of these operons: glucose induced BGC1, BGC3, and BGC4, while κ-carrageenan and PHB upregulated BGC2. Conversely, yeast–peptone medium (analogous to standard marine broth) repressed transcription across all active clusters. These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring carbon sources can selectively activate cryptic BGCs and modulate antibacterial activity in F. kasyanovii, suggesting that similar strategy can be used for natural-product discovery in marine Bacteroidota. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fermentation Processes for Obtaining Marine Bioactive Products)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 651 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Associations Between the Gut Microbiome and Outcomes in Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review

by Ema Pitts, Brian Grainger, Dean McKenzie and Salvatore Fiorenza

Microorganisms 2025, 13(10), 2302; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102302 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2025

Abstract

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard frontline consolidation strategy in fit, eligible patients with chemosensitive multiple myeloma, and it also serves as salvage option in other haematological malignancies, such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Moreover, ASCT is known to disrupt the gut microbiome (GM), and the impact on clinical outcomes has been understudied. The aim of this review is to examine the associations between the GM and outcomes in patients undergoing ASCT. Using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, a total of 11 articles were included in this review, comprising both observational studies (cohort studies, case–control studies) and interventional trials (randomised controlled trials). Consistent findings included a notable decrease in beneficial bacteria, including Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which maintain gut homeostasis and modulate immune responses. Conversely, an increase in pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp., was observed post-transplantation. This review includes an overview of the GM following ASCT and the techniques commonly used to assess it, and highlights gaps, thereby identifying key areas for future research, although conclusions are limited by variation in sample size and reporting inconsistencies. Understanding the GM’s role in ASCT may lead to interventions that optimise patient outcomes through therapeutic manipulation of the GM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome in Homeostasis and Disease, 3rd Edition)

15 pages, 2311 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Dietary Baicalin on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Liver Health, Intestinal Health, and Microbiota of Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

by Haonan Liu, Xinru Li, Yang Fan, Yang Xiao, Yunfeng Chen, Xiaoqin Li and Xiangjun Leng

Animals 2025, 15(19), 2903; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15192903 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of dietary baicalin on the growth and health of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Five diets with the addition of 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of baicalin were fed to juvenile yellow catfish (11.19 ± 0.07 g) for 56 days. Dietary supplementation with 200 or 400 mg/kg baicalin increased weight gain (p < 0.05) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). The BA400 group exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and lower malondialdehyde level in the liver and intestine than the control (p < 0.05). In the 400 mg/kg baicalin group, the hepatic vacuolization rate was lower (p < 0.05), and the intestinal villus width and villus height were higher than those in the control (p < 0.05). In terms of intestinal microbiota composition, the 400 mg/kg baicalin group demonstrated lower abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (phylum level) and Cetobacterium, Candidatus_Arthromitus, and Plesiomonas (genus level) than the control (p < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Lactobacillus (ZOR0006) increased in this group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary baicalin supplementation significantly improved the growth, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and positively modulated the intestinal microbiota composition of yellow catfish. The optimal dietary supplementation level of baicalin is 400 mg/kg for yellow catfish. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Plant Extracts on Meat Quality, Intestinal Microbiota and Resistance to Diseases and Stresses of Food Animals)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 568 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Creatinine on Various Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

by Sarah Dawson-Moroz, Schneider Rancy, George Agriantonis, Kate Twelker, Navin D. Bhatia, Zahra Shafaee, Jennifer Whittington and Bharti Sharma

Metabolites 2025, 15(10), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15100657 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern. Creatinine (Cr) has been well studied as a marker of renal function, specifically the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in TBI patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Cr on various clinical outcomes in patients with severe TBI. Methods: We investigated the relationship between Cr levels at various time points and a range of clinical variables, using parametric and non-parametric statistical testing. Results: 1000 patients were included in our study. We found a significant association between sex and Cr level at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and ICU discharge. Cr was positively correlated with ISS at hospital admission, ICU admission, ICU discharge, and at death. Conversely, Cr was negatively correlated with GCS at hospital admission, ICU admission, ICU discharge, and at death. Larger decreases in Cr from Hospital to ICU admission were significantly correlated with increased vent days. Larger decreases in Cr from ICU admission to ICU discharge were significantly correlated with increased hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and vent days, likely reflecting the degree of initial hypercreatinemia. For all patients, there were significant positive correlations between Cr at admission and ICU LOS, Cr at ICU admission and ICU LOS, and Cr at ICU admission and vent days. Conclusions: Our findings support existing literature that demonstrates a positive relationship between Cr levels, ICU LOS, and vent days amongst patients with severe TBI. These data suggest renal injury is predictive of TBI outcomes. Future research should investigate the role of renal therapeutic interventions in TBI recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomics and Metabolomics in Human Health and Disease)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Error

Oops... you haven't selected anything for export.

Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 848.

Go to page 1 2 3 4 5

Search Results (42,379)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI