Advanced Catalysis for Energy and a Sustainable Environment

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2844

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Interests: energy storage (supercapacitors); renewable energy; biomass to biofuels CO2 capture; wastewater treatment; heterogeneous catalysis; adsorption

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Catalysis has long played an important role in chemical, petrochemicals, and allied industries. However, its role has been escalated to the sustainable energy domain, with minimal environmental impact. This transformation has created opportunities for researchers/academics/scientists globally to design, develop, and test cost-effective catalysts. Catalysis advancements occupy a distinguished position within the realm of scientific solutions aimed at sustainable energy and promoting environmental conservation. Indeed, an efficient catalyst allows reactions under mild conditions (i.e., moderate or lower temperatures and pressures) and reduced energy consumption, operational costs, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Recent years have been characterized by considerable advancements in catalytic materials, including nanostructured, heteroatoms, 1D/2D/3D catalysts, and composite catalysts for enhancing reaction rates, product yield, selectivity, and long-term stability. Some areas for advanced catalysis include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Hydrogen and Clean Fuels: Catalytic, photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and decarbonization processes, among others;
  • Green Catalysis: Generation of energy or fuels using green catalysts, aqueous-phase catalysis, etc.;
  • Biomass Conversion: Conversion of renewable biomass into biofuels, biochemicals, and other compounds;
  • Minimizing Harmful Emissions: Catalysts to reduce harmful gases or CO2 formation, CO2 conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels, etc.;
  • Wastewater Treatment: Catalysts for wastewater treatment, dye degradation, metal treatment, chemical treatment, pollutant and contaminant removal from water, etc.;
  • Sustainable Catalysis: Biocatalysts, organo-catalysts, and rare earth-based catalysts to minimize toxicity and environmental risks.

Despite remarkable progress, advancements in catalytic technologies still need to be fully explored. Catalysts’ durability and recyclability in multiple processes also require further research. Thus, original research papers and reviews aligned with the above themes are welcome in this Special Issue of Catalysts. 

Dr. Khursheed B. Ansari
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sustainable energy
  • environmental remediation
  • advanced catalytic materials
  • biomass conversion
  • CO2 conversion
  • wastewater treatment
  • catalyst sustainability (durability/recyclability)

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2630 KB  
Article
Synergistic Integration of TiO2 Nanorods with Carbon Cloth for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Wastewater Remediation
by Shakeelur Raheman AR, Khursheed B. Ansari, Sang Joon Lee and Nilesh Salunke
Catalysts 2025, 15(10), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15100961 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 367
Abstract
The immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures on conductive supports offers a promising strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of a wide band gap, poor visible-light absorption, and rapid charge recombination in photocatalysis. Herein, a rutile TiO2 nanorods (TiO2 [...] Read more.
The immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures on conductive supports offers a promising strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of a wide band gap, poor visible-light absorption, and rapid charge recombination in photocatalysis. Herein, a rutile TiO2 nanorods (TiO2NRs) array was directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) via a hydrothermal method by using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) seed solutions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M, designated as TiO2NR0.1/CC, TiO2NR0.3/CC, and TiO2NR0.5/CC, respectively. Structural analysis confirmed that the TiO2 NRs array is vertically aligned, and phase=pure rutile NRs strongly adhered to CC. The optical characterization revealed broadened absorption in the visible wavelength region and progressive band gap narrowing with the increasing seeding concentration. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed pronounced quenching in the fabricated TiO2NRs/CC samples, especially with TiO2NR0.3/CC exhibiting the lowest PL intensity, indicating suppressed charge recombination. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further demonstrated reduced charge transfer resistance, and TiO2NR0.3/CC achieved the most efficient electron transport kinetics. Photocatalytic tests at λ ≥ 400 nm irradiation confirmed the enhanced hydrogen evolution performance of TiO2NR0.3/CC. The hydrogen yield of 2.66 mmol h−1 g−1 of TiO2NR0.3/CC was 4.03-fold higher than that of TiO2NRs (0.66 mmol h−1 g−1), along with excellent cyclic stability across three runs. Additionally, TiO2NR0.3/CC achieved 90.2% degradation of methylene blue within 60 min, with a kinetic constant of 0.0332 min−1 and minimal activity loss after three cycles. These results highlight the synergistic integration of TiO2 NRs with CC in achieving a durable, recyclable, and efficient photocatalytic platform for sustainable hydrogen generation and wastewater remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Catalysis for Energy and a Sustainable Environment)
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14 pages, 5454 KB  
Article
The Role of the Transition Metal in M2P (M = Fe, Co, Ni) Phosphides for Methane Activation and C–C Coupling Selectivity
by Abdulrahman Almithn
Catalysts 2025, 15(10), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15100954 - 5 Oct 2025
Viewed by 424
Abstract
Achieving selective, direct conversion of methane into value-added chemicals requires catalysts that can navigate the intrinsic trade-off between C–H bond activation and over-dehydrogenation. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising catalysts that can tune this selectivity. This work utilizes density functional theory [...] Read more.
Achieving selective, direct conversion of methane into value-added chemicals requires catalysts that can navigate the intrinsic trade-off between C–H bond activation and over-dehydrogenation. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising catalysts that can tune this selectivity. This work utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to systematically assess how the transition metal’s identity (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in isostructural M2P phosphides governs this balance. The findings reveal that the high reactivity of Fe2P and Co2P, which facilitates initial methane activation, also promotes facile deep dehydrogenation pathways to coke precursors like CH*. In stark contrast, Ni2P exhibits a moderated reactivity that kinetically hinders CH* formation while simultaneously exhibiting the lowest activation barrier for the C–C coupling of CH2* intermediates to form ethylene. This revealed trade-off between the high reactivity of Fe/Co phosphides and the high selectivity of Ni2P offers a guiding principle for the rational design of advanced bimetallic phosphides for efficient methane upgrading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Catalysis for Energy and a Sustainable Environment)
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Review

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24 pages, 2813 KB  
Review
Eco-Friendly Biocatalysts: Laccase Applications, Innovations, and Future Directions in Environmental Remediation
by Hina Younus, Masood Alam Khan, Arif Khan and Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
Catalysts 2025, 15(10), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15100921 (registering DOI) - 26 Sep 2025
Viewed by 368
Abstract
Laccases, a class of multicopper oxidases found in diverse biological sources, have emerged as key green biocatalysts with significant potential for eco-friendly pollutant degradation. Their ability to drive electron transfer reactions using oxygen, converting pollutants into less harmful products, positions laccases as promising [...] Read more.
Laccases, a class of multicopper oxidases found in diverse biological sources, have emerged as key green biocatalysts with significant potential for eco-friendly pollutant degradation. Their ability to drive electron transfer reactions using oxygen, converting pollutants into less harmful products, positions laccases as promising tools for scalable and sustainable treatment of wastewater, soil, and air pollution. This review explores laccase from a translational perspective, tracing its journey from laboratory discovery to real-world applications. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in production optimization, immobilization strategies, and nanotechnology-enabled enhancements that have improved enzyme stability, reusability, and catalytic efficiency under complex field conditions. Applications are critically discussed for both traditional pollutants such as synthetic dyes, phenolics, and pesticides and emerging contaminants, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, microplastic additives, and PFAS. Special attention is given to hybrid systems integrating laccase with advanced oxidation processes, bioelectrochemical systems, and renewable energy-driven reactors to achieve near-complete pollutant mineralization. Challenges such as cost–benefit limitations, limited substrate range without mediators, and regulatory hurdles are evaluated alongside solutions including protein engineering, mediator-free laccase variants, and continuous-flow bioreactors. By consolidating recent mechanistic insights, this study underscores the translational pathways of laccase, highlighting its potential as a cornerstone of next-generation, scalable, and eco-friendly remediation technologies aligned with circular bioeconomy and low-carbon initiatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Catalysis for Energy and a Sustainable Environment)
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23 pages, 3019 KB  
Review
Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Fuel Desulfurization
by Xun Zhang and Rui Wang
Catalysts 2025, 15(8), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15080724 - 30 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 850
Abstract
This review surveys recent advances and emerging prospects in phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) for fuel desulfurization. In response to increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the removal of sulfur from transportation fuels has become imperative for curbing SOx emissions. Conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) operates under severe [...] Read more.
This review surveys recent advances and emerging prospects in phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) for fuel desulfurization. In response to increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the removal of sulfur from transportation fuels has become imperative for curbing SOx emissions. Conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) operates under severe temperature–pressure conditions and displays limited efficacy toward sterically hindered thiophenic compounds, motivating the exploration of non-hydrogen routes such as oxidative desulfurization (ODS). Within ODS, PTC offers distinctive benefits by shuttling reactants across immiscible phases, thereby enhancing reaction rates and selectivity. In particular, PTC enables efficient migration of organosulfur substrates from the hydrocarbon matrix into an aqueous phase where they are oxidized and subsequently extracted. The review first summarizes the deployment of classic PTC systems—quaternary ammonium salts, crown ethers, and related agents—in ODS operations and then delineates the underlying phase-transfer mechanisms, encompassing reaction-controlled, thermally triggered, photo-responsive, and pH-sensitive cycles. Attention is next directed to a new generation of catalysts, including quaternary-ammonium polyoxometalates, imidazolium-substituted polyoxometalates, and ionic-liquid-based hybrids. Their tailored architectures, catalytic performance, and mechanistic attributes are analyzed comprehensively. By incorporating multifunctional supports or rational structural modifications, these systems deliver superior desulfurization efficiency, product selectivity, and recyclability. Despite such progress, commercial deployment is hindered by the following outstanding issues: long-term catalyst durability, continuous-flow reactor design, and full life-cycle cost optimization. Future research should, therefore, focus on elucidating structure–performance relationships, translating batch protocols into robust continuous processes, and performing rigorous environmental and techno-economic assessments to accelerate the industrial adoption of PTC-enabled desulfurization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Catalysis for Energy and a Sustainable Environment)
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